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30 // Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
32 // Google Test - The Google C++ Testing Framework
34 // This file implements a universal value printer that can print a
35 // value of any type T:
37 // void ::testing::internal::UniversalPrinter<T>::Print(value, ostream_ptr);
39 // It uses the << operator when possible, and prints the bytes in the
40 // object otherwise. A user can override its behavior for a class
41 // type Foo by defining either operator<<(::std::ostream&, const Foo&)
42 // or void PrintTo(const Foo&, ::std::ostream*) in the namespace that
45 #include "gtest/gtest-printers.h"
48 #include <ostream> // NOLINT
50 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
58 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE // Windows CE does not define _snprintf_s.
59 # define snprintf _snprintf
60 #elif _MSC_VER >= 1400 // VC 8.0 and later deprecate snprintf and _snprintf.
61 # define snprintf _snprintf_s
63 # define snprintf _snprintf
64 #endif // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
66 // Prints a segment of bytes in the given object.
67 void PrintByteSegmentInObjectTo(const unsigned char* obj_bytes
, size_t start
,
68 size_t count
, ostream
* os
) {
70 for (size_t i
= 0; i
!= count
; i
++) {
71 const size_t j
= start
+ i
;
73 // Organizes the bytes into groups of 2 for easy parsing by
80 snprintf(text
, sizeof(text
), "%02X", obj_bytes
[j
]);
85 // Prints the bytes in the given value to the given ostream.
86 void PrintBytesInObjectToImpl(const unsigned char* obj_bytes
, size_t count
,
88 // Tells the user how big the object is.
89 *os
<< count
<< "-byte object <";
91 const size_t kThreshold
= 132;
92 const size_t kChunkSize
= 64;
93 // If the object size is bigger than kThreshold, we'll have to omit
94 // some details by printing only the first and the last kChunkSize
96 // TODO(wan): let the user control the threshold using a flag.
97 if (count
< kThreshold
) {
98 PrintByteSegmentInObjectTo(obj_bytes
, 0, count
, os
);
100 PrintByteSegmentInObjectTo(obj_bytes
, 0, kChunkSize
, os
);
102 // Rounds up to 2-byte boundary.
103 const size_t resume_pos
= (count
- kChunkSize
+ 1)/2*2;
104 PrintByteSegmentInObjectTo(obj_bytes
, resume_pos
, count
- resume_pos
, os
);
111 namespace internal2
{
113 // Delegates to PrintBytesInObjectToImpl() to print the bytes in the
114 // given object. The delegation simplifies the implementation, which
115 // uses the << operator and thus is easier done outside of the
116 // ::testing::internal namespace, which contains a << operator that
117 // sometimes conflicts with the one in STL.
118 void PrintBytesInObjectTo(const unsigned char* obj_bytes
, size_t count
,
120 PrintBytesInObjectToImpl(obj_bytes
, count
, os
);
123 } // namespace internal2
127 // Depending on the value of a char (or wchar_t), we print it in one
129 // - as is if it's a printable ASCII (e.g. 'a', '2', ' '),
130 // - as a hexidecimal escape sequence (e.g. '\x7F'), or
131 // - as a special escape sequence (e.g. '\r', '\n').
138 // Returns true if c is a printable ASCII character. We test the
139 // value of c directly instead of calling isprint(), which is buggy on
141 inline bool IsPrintableAscii(wchar_t c
) {
142 return 0x20 <= c
&& c
<= 0x7E;
145 // Prints a wide or narrow char c as a character literal without the
146 // quotes, escaping it when necessary; returns how c was formatted.
147 // The template argument UnsignedChar is the unsigned version of Char,
148 // which is the type of c.
149 template <typename UnsignedChar
, typename Char
>
150 static CharFormat
PrintAsCharLiteralTo(Char c
, ostream
* os
) {
151 switch (static_cast<wchar_t>(c
)) {
183 if (IsPrintableAscii(c
)) {
184 *os
<< static_cast<char>(c
);
187 *os
<< String::Format("\\x%X", static_cast<UnsignedChar
>(c
));
191 return kSpecialEscape
;
194 // Prints a char c as if it's part of a string literal, escaping it when
195 // necessary; returns how c was formatted.
196 static CharFormat
PrintAsWideStringLiteralTo(wchar_t c
, ostream
* os
) {
203 return kSpecialEscape
;
205 return PrintAsCharLiteralTo
<wchar_t>(c
, os
);
209 // Prints a char c as if it's part of a string literal, escaping it when
210 // necessary; returns how c was formatted.
211 static CharFormat
PrintAsNarrowStringLiteralTo(char c
, ostream
* os
) {
212 return PrintAsWideStringLiteralTo(static_cast<unsigned char>(c
), os
);
215 // Prints a wide or narrow character c and its code. '\0' is printed
216 // as "'\\0'", other unprintable characters are also properly escaped
217 // using the standard C++ escape sequence. The template argument
218 // UnsignedChar is the unsigned version of Char, which is the type of c.
219 template <typename UnsignedChar
, typename Char
>
220 void PrintCharAndCodeTo(Char c
, ostream
* os
) {
221 // First, print c as a literal in the most readable form we can find.
222 *os
<< ((sizeof(c
) > 1) ? "L'" : "'");
223 const CharFormat format
= PrintAsCharLiteralTo
<UnsignedChar
>(c
, os
);
226 // To aid user debugging, we also print c's code in decimal, unless
227 // it's 0 (in which case c was printed as '\\0', making the code
231 *os
<< " (" << String::Format("%d", c
).c_str();
233 // For more convenience, we print c's code again in hexidecimal,
234 // unless c was already printed in the form '\x##' or the code is in
236 if (format
== kHexEscape
|| (1 <= c
&& c
<= 9)) {
239 *os
<< String::Format(", 0x%X",
240 static_cast<UnsignedChar
>(c
)).c_str();
245 void PrintTo(unsigned char c
, ::std::ostream
* os
) {
246 PrintCharAndCodeTo
<unsigned char>(c
, os
);
248 void PrintTo(signed char c
, ::std::ostream
* os
) {
249 PrintCharAndCodeTo
<unsigned char>(c
, os
);
252 // Prints a wchar_t as a symbol if it is printable or as its internal
253 // code otherwise and also as its code. L'\0' is printed as "L'\\0'".
254 void PrintTo(wchar_t wc
, ostream
* os
) {
255 PrintCharAndCodeTo
<wchar_t>(wc
, os
);
258 // Prints the given array of characters to the ostream.
259 // The array starts at *begin, the length is len, it may include '\0' characters
260 // and may not be null-terminated.
261 static void PrintCharsAsStringTo(const char* begin
, size_t len
, ostream
* os
) {
263 bool is_previous_hex
= false;
264 for (size_t index
= 0; index
< len
; ++index
) {
265 const char cur
= begin
[index
];
266 if (is_previous_hex
&& IsXDigit(cur
)) {
267 // Previous character is of '\x..' form and this character can be
268 // interpreted as another hexadecimal digit in its number. Break string to
272 is_previous_hex
= PrintAsNarrowStringLiteralTo(cur
, os
) == kHexEscape
;
277 // Prints a (const) char array of 'len' elements, starting at address 'begin'.
278 void UniversalPrintArray(const char* begin
, size_t len
, ostream
* os
) {
279 PrintCharsAsStringTo(begin
, len
, os
);
282 // Prints the given array of wide characters to the ostream.
283 // The array starts at *begin, the length is len, it may include L'\0'
284 // characters and may not be null-terminated.
285 static void PrintWideCharsAsStringTo(const wchar_t* begin
, size_t len
,
288 bool is_previous_hex
= false;
289 for (size_t index
= 0; index
< len
; ++index
) {
290 const wchar_t cur
= begin
[index
];
291 if (is_previous_hex
&& isascii(cur
) && IsXDigit(static_cast<char>(cur
))) {
292 // Previous character is of '\x..' form and this character can be
293 // interpreted as another hexadecimal digit in its number. Break string to
297 is_previous_hex
= PrintAsWideStringLiteralTo(cur
, os
) == kHexEscape
;
302 // Prints the given C string to the ostream.
303 void PrintTo(const char* s
, ostream
* os
) {
307 *os
<< ImplicitCast_
<const void*>(s
) << " pointing to ";
308 PrintCharsAsStringTo(s
, strlen(s
), os
);
312 // MSVC compiler can be configured to define whar_t as a typedef
313 // of unsigned short. Defining an overload for const wchar_t* in that case
314 // would cause pointers to unsigned shorts be printed as wide strings,
315 // possibly accessing more memory than intended and causing invalid
316 // memory accesses. MSVC defines _NATIVE_WCHAR_T_DEFINED symbol when
317 // wchar_t is implemented as a native type.
318 #if !defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(_NATIVE_WCHAR_T_DEFINED)
319 // Prints the given wide C string to the ostream.
320 void PrintTo(const wchar_t* s
, ostream
* os
) {
324 *os
<< ImplicitCast_
<const void*>(s
) << " pointing to ";
325 PrintWideCharsAsStringTo(s
, wcslen(s
), os
);
328 #endif // wchar_t is native
330 // Prints a ::string object.
331 #if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
332 void PrintStringTo(const ::string
& s
, ostream
* os
) {
333 PrintCharsAsStringTo(s
.data(), s
.size(), os
);
335 #endif // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
337 void PrintStringTo(const ::std::string
& s
, ostream
* os
) {
338 PrintCharsAsStringTo(s
.data(), s
.size(), os
);
341 // Prints a ::wstring object.
342 #if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
343 void PrintWideStringTo(const ::wstring
& s
, ostream
* os
) {
344 PrintWideCharsAsStringTo(s
.data(), s
.size(), os
);
346 #endif // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
348 #if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
349 void PrintWideStringTo(const ::std::wstring
& s
, ostream
* os
) {
350 PrintWideCharsAsStringTo(s
.data(), s
.size(), os
);
352 #endif // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
354 } // namespace internal
356 } // namespace testing