1 # Fetchers {#chap-pkgs-fetchers}
3 Building software with Nix often requires downloading source code and other files from the internet.
4 To this end, we use functions that we call _fetchers_, which obtain remote sources via various protocols and services.
6 Nix provides built-in fetchers such as [`builtins.fetchTarball`](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/language/builtins.html#builtins-fetchTarball).
7 Nixpkgs provides its own fetchers, which work differently:
9 - A built-in fetcher will download and cache files at evaluation time and produce a [store path](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/glossary#gloss-store-path).
10 A Nixpkgs fetcher will create a ([fixed-output](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/glossary#gloss-fixed-output-derivation)) [derivation](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/glossary#gloss-derivation), and files are downloaded at build time.
11 - Built-in fetchers will invalidate their cache after [`tarball-ttl`](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/command-ref/conf-file#conf-tarball-ttl) expires, and will require network activity to check if the cache entry is up to date.
12 Nixpkgs fetchers only re-download if the specified hash changes or the store object is not available.
13 - Built-in fetchers do not use [substituters](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/command-ref/conf-file#conf-substituters).
14 Derivations produced by Nixpkgs fetchers will use any configured binary cache transparently.
16 This significantly reduces the time needed to evaluate Nixpkgs, and allows [Hydra](https://nixos.org/hydra) to retain and re-distribute sources used by Nixpkgs in the [public binary cache](https://cache.nixos.org).
17 For these reasons, Nix's built-in fetchers are not allowed in Nixpkgs.
19 The following table summarises the differences:
21 | Fetchers | Download | Output | Cache | Re-download when |
23 | `builtins.fetch*` | evaluation time | store path | `/nix/store`, `~/.cache/nix` | `tarball-ttl` expires, cache miss in `~/.cache/nix`, output store object not in local store |
24 | `pkgs.fetch*` | build time | derivation | `/nix/store`, substituters | output store object not available |
27 `pkgs.fetchFrom*` helpers retrieve _snapshots_ of version-controlled sources, as opposed to the entire version history, which is more efficient.
28 `pkgs.fetchgit` by default also has the same behaviour, but can be changed through specific attributes given to it.
31 ## Caveats {#chap-pkgs-fetchers-caveats}
33 Because Nixpkgs fetchers are fixed-output derivations, an [output hash](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/language/advanced-attributes#adv-attr-outputHash) has to be specified, usually indirectly through a `hash` attribute.
34 This hash refers to the derivation output, which can be different from the remote source itself!
36 This has the following implications that you should be aware of:
38 - Use Nix (or Nix-aware) tooling to produce the output hash.
40 - When changing any fetcher parameters, always update the output hash.
41 Use one of the methods from [](#sec-pkgs-fetchers-updating-source-hashes).
42 Otherwise, existing store objects that match the output hash will be re-used rather than fetching new content.
45 A similar problem arises while testing changes to a fetcher's implementation.
46 If the output of the derivation already exists in the Nix store, test failures can go undetected.
47 The [`invalidateFetcherByDrvHash`](#tester-invalidateFetcherByDrvHash) function helps prevent reusing cached derivations.
50 ## Updating source hashes {#sec-pkgs-fetchers-updating-source-hashes}
52 There are several ways to obtain the hash corresponding to a remote source.
53 Unless you understand how the fetcher you're using calculates the hash from the downloaded contents, you should use [the fake hash method](#sec-pkgs-fetchers-updating-source-hashes-fakehash-method).
55 1. []{#sec-pkgs-fetchers-updating-source-hashes-fakehash-method} The fake hash method: In your package recipe, set the hash to one of
62 Attempt to build, extract the calculated hashes from error messages, and put them into the recipe.
65 You must use one of these four fake hashes and not some arbitrarily-chosen hash.
66 See [](#sec-pkgs-fetchers-secure-hashes) for details.
69 :::{.example #ex-fetchers-update-fod-hash}
70 # Update source hash with the fake hash method
72 Consider the following recipe that produces a plain file:
77 url = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/23.05/.version";
78 hash = "sha256-ZHl1emidXVojm83LCVrwULpwIzKE/mYwfztVkvpruOM=";
82 A common mistake is to update a fetcher parameter, such as `url`, without updating the hash:
87 url = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/23.11/.version";
88 hash = "sha256-ZHl1emidXVojm83LCVrwULpwIzKE/mYwfztVkvpruOM=";
92 **This will produce the same output as before!**
93 Set the hash to an empty string:
98 url = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/23.11/.version";
103 When building the package, use the error message to determine the correct hash:
107 (some output removed for clarity)
108 error: hash mismatch in fixed-output derivation '/nix/store/7yynn53jpc93l76z9zdjj4xdxgynawcw-version.drv':
109 specified: sha256-AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA=
110 got: sha256-BZqI7r0MNP29yGH5+yW2tjU9OOpOCEvwWKrWCv5CQ0I=
111 error: build of '/nix/store/bqdjcw5ij5ymfbm41dq230chk9hdhqff-version.drv' failed
115 2. Prefetch the source with [`nix-prefetch-<type> <URL>`](https://search.nixos.org/packages?buckets={%22package_attr_set%22%3A[%22No%20package%20set%22]%2C%22package_license_set%22%3A[]%2C%22package_maintainers_set%22%3A[]%2C%22package_platforms%22%3A[]}&query=nix-prefetch), where `<type>` is one of
124 The hash is printed to stdout.
126 3. Prefetch by package source (with `nix-prefetch-url '<nixpkgs>' -A <package>.src`, where `<package>` is package attribute name).
127 The hash is printed to stdout.
129 This works well when you've upgraded the existing package version and want to find out new hash, but is useless if the package can't be accessed by attribute or the package has multiple sources (`.srcs`, architecture-dependent sources, etc).
131 4. Upstream hash: use it when upstream provides `sha256` or `sha512`.
132 Don't use it when upstream provides `md5`, compute `sha256` instead.
134 A little nuance is that `nix-prefetch-*` tools produce hashes with the `nix32` encoding (a Nix-specific base32 adaptation), but upstream usually provides hexadecimal (`base16`) encoding.
135 Fetchers understand both formats.
136 Nixpkgs does not standardise on any one format.
138 You can convert between hash formats with [`nix-hash`](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/command-ref/nix-hash).
140 5. Extract the hash from a local source archive with `sha256sum`.
141 Use `nix-prefetch-url file:///path/to/archive` if you want the custom Nix `base32` hash.
143 ## Obtaining hashes securely {#sec-pkgs-fetchers-secure-hashes}
145 It's always a good idea to avoid Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) attacks when downloading source contents.
146 Otherwise, you could unknowingly download malware instead of the intended source, and instead of the actual source hash, you'll end up using the hash of malware.
147 Here are security considerations for this scenario:
149 - `http://` URLs are not secure to prefetch hashes.
151 - Upstream hashes should be obtained via a secure protocol.
153 - `https://` URLs give you more protections when using `nix-prefetch-*` or for upstream hashes.
155 - `https://` URLs are secure when using the [fake hash method](#sec-pkgs-fetchers-updating-source-hashes-fakehash-method) *only if* you use one of the listed fake hashes.
156 If you use any other hash, the download will be exposed to MITM attacks even if you use HTTPS URLs.
158 In more concrete terms, if you use any other hash, the [`--insecure` flag](https://curl.se/docs/manpage.html#-k) will be passed to the underlying call to `curl` when downloading content.
160 ## Proxy usage {#sec-pkgs-fetchers-proxy}
162 Nixpkgs fetchers can make use of a http(s) proxy. Each fetcher will automatically inherit proxy-related environment variables (`http_proxy`, `https_proxy`, etc) via [impureEnvVars](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/language/advanced-attributes#adv-attr-impureEnvVars).
164 The environment variable `NIX_SSL_CERT_FILE` is also inherited in fetchers, and can be used to provide a custom certificate bundle to fetchers. This is usually required for a https proxy to work without certificate validation errors.
167 ## `fetchurl` {#sec-pkgs-fetchers-fetchurl}
169 `fetchurl` returns a [fixed-output derivation](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/glossary.html#gloss-fixed-output-derivation) which downloads content from a given URL and stores the unaltered contents within the Nix store.
171 It uses {manpage}`curl(1)` internally, and allows its behaviour to be modified by specifying a few attributes in the argument to `fetchurl` (see the documentation for attributes `curlOpts`, `curlOptsList`, and `netrcPhase`).
173 The resulting [store path](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/store/store-path) is determined by the hash given to `fetchurl`, and also the `name` (or `pname` and `version`) values.
175 If neither `name` nor `pname` and `version` are specified when calling `fetchurl`, it will default to using the [basename](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/language/builtins.html#builtins-baseNameOf) of `url` or the first element of `urls`.
176 If `pname` and `version` are specified, `fetchurl` will use those values and will ignore `name`, even if it is also specified.
178 ### Inputs {#sec-pkgs-fetchers-fetchurl-inputs}
180 `fetchurl` requires an attribute set with the following attributes:
182 `url` (String; _optional_)
183 : The URL to download from.
186 Either `url` or `urls` must be specified, but not both.
189 All URLs of the format [specified here](https://curl.se/docs/url-syntax.html#rfc-3986-plus) are supported.
191 _Default value:_ `""`.
193 `urls` (List of String; _optional_)
194 : A list of URLs, specifying download locations for the same content.
195 Each URL will be tried in order until one of them succeeds with some content or all of them fail.
196 See [](#ex-fetchers-fetchurl-nixpkgs-version-multiple-urls) to understand how this attribute affects the behaviour of `fetchurl`.
199 Either `url` or `urls` must be specified, but not both.
202 _Default value:_ `[]`.
204 `hash` (String; _optional_)
205 : Hash of the derivation output of `fetchurl`, following the format for integrity metadata as defined by [SRI](https://www.w3.org/TR/SRI/).
206 For more information, see [](#chap-pkgs-fetchers-caveats).
209 It is recommended that you use the `hash` attribute instead of the other hash-specific attributes that exist for backwards compatibility.
211 If `hash` is not specified, you must specify `outputHash` and `outputHashAlgo`, or one of `sha512`, `sha256`, or `sha1`.
214 _Default value:_ `""`.
216 `outputHash` (String; _optional_)
217 : Hash of the derivation output of `fetchurl` in the format expected by Nix.
218 See [the documentation on the Nix manual](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/language/advanced-attributes.html#adv-attr-outputHash) for more information about its format.
221 It is recommended that you use the `hash` attribute instead.
223 If `outputHash` is specified, you must also specify `outputHashAlgo`.
226 _Default value:_ `""`.
228 `outputHashAlgo` (String; _optional_)
229 : Algorithm used to generate the value specified in `outputHash`.
230 See [the documentation on the Nix manual](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/language/advanced-attributes.html#adv-attr-outputHashAlgo) for more information about the values it supports.
233 It is recommended that you use the `hash` attribute instead.
235 The value specified in `outputHashAlgo` will be ignored if `outputHash` isn't also specified.
238 _Default value:_ `""`.
240 `sha1` (String; _optional_)
241 : SHA-1 hash of the derivation output of `fetchurl` in the format expected by Nix.
242 See [the documentation on the Nix manual](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/language/advanced-attributes.html#adv-attr-outputHash) for more information about its format.
245 It is recommended that you use the `hash` attribute instead.
248 _Default value:_ `""`.
250 `sha256` (String; _optional_)
251 : SHA-256 hash of the derivation output of `fetchurl` in the format expected by Nix.
252 See [the documentation on the Nix manual](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/language/advanced-attributes.html#adv-attr-outputHash) for more information about its format.
255 It is recommended that you use the `hash` attribute instead.
258 _Default value:_ `""`.
260 `sha512` (String; _optional_)
261 : SHA-512 hash of the derivation output of `fetchurl` in the format expected by Nix.
262 See [the documentation on the Nix manual](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/language/advanced-attributes.html#adv-attr-outputHash) for more information about its format.
265 It is recommended that you use the `hash` attribute instead.
268 _Default value:_ `""`.
270 `name` (String; _optional_)
271 : The symbolic name of the downloaded file when saved in the Nix store.
272 See [the `fetchurl` overview](#sec-pkgs-fetchers-fetchurl) for details on how the name of the file is decided.
274 _Default value:_ `""`.
276 `pname` (String; _optional_)
277 : A base name, which will be combined with `version` to form the symbolic name of the downloaded file when saved in the Nix store.
278 See [the `fetchurl` overview](#sec-pkgs-fetchers-fetchurl) for details on how the name of the file is decided.
281 If `pname` is specified, you must also specify `version`, otherwise `fetchurl` will ignore the value of `pname`.
284 _Default value:_ `""`.
286 `version` (String; _optional_)
287 : A version, which will be combined with `pname` to form the symbolic name of the downloaded file when saved in the Nix store.
288 See [the `fetchurl` overview](#sec-pkgs-fetchers-fetchurl) for details on how the name of the file is decided.
290 _Default value:_ `""`.
292 `recursiveHash` (Boolean; _optional_) []{#sec-pkgs-fetchers-fetchurl-inputs-recursiveHash}
293 : If set to `true`, will signal to Nix that the hash given to `fetchurl` was calculated using the `"recursive"` mode.
294 See [the documentation on the Nix manual](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/language/advanced-attributes.html#adv-attr-outputHashMode) for more information about the existing modes.
296 By default, `fetchurl` uses `"recursive"` mode when the `executable` attribute is set to `true`, so you don't need to specify `recursiveHash` in this case.
298 _Default value:_ `false`.
300 `executable` (Boolean; _optional_)
301 : If `true`, sets the executable bit on the downloaded file.
303 _Default value_: `false`.
305 `downloadToTemp` (Boolean; _optional_) []{#sec-pkgs-fetchers-fetchurl-inputs-downloadToTemp}
306 : If `true`, saves the downloaded file to a temporary location instead of the expected Nix store location.
307 This is useful when used in conjunction with `postFetch` attribute, otherwise `fetchurl` will not produce any meaningful output.
309 The location of the downloaded file will be set in the `$downloadedFile` variable, which should be used by the script in the `postFetch` attribute.
310 See [](#ex-fetchers-fetchurl-nixpkgs-version-postfetch) to understand how to work with this attribute.
312 _Default value:_ `false`.
314 `postFetch` (String; _optional_)
315 : Script executed after the file has been downloaded successfully, and before `fetchurl` finishes running.
316 Useful for post-processing, to check or transform the file in some way.
317 See [](#ex-fetchers-fetchurl-nixpkgs-version-postfetch) to understand how to work with this attribute.
319 _Default value:_ `""`.
321 `netrcPhase` (String or Null; _optional_)
322 : Script executed to create a {manpage}`netrc(5)` file to be used with {manpage}`curl(1)`.
323 The script should create the `netrc` file (note that it does not begin with a ".") in the directory it's currently running in (`$PWD`).
325 The script is executed during the setup done by `fetchurl` before it runs any of its code to download the specified content.
328 If specified, `fetchurl` will automatically alter its invocation of {manpage}`curl(1)` to use the `netrc` file, so you don't need to add anything to `curlOpts` or `curlOptsList`.
332 Since `netrcPhase` needs to be specified in your source Nix code, any secrets that you put directly in it will be world-readable by design (both in your source code, and when the derivation gets created in the Nix store).
334 If you want to avoid this behaviour, see the documentation of `netrcImpureEnvVars` for an alternative way of dealing with these secrets.
337 _Default value_: `null`.
339 `netrcImpureEnvVars` (List of String; _optional_)
340 : If specified, `fetchurl` will add these environment variable names to the list of [impure environment variables](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/language/advanced-attributes.html#adv-attr-impureEnvVars), which will be passed from the environment of the calling user to the builder running the `fetchurl` code.
342 This is useful when used with `netrcPhase` to hide any secrets that are used in it, because the script in `netrcPhase` only needs to reference the environment variables with the secrets in them instead.
343 However, note that these are called _impure_ variables for a reason:
344 the environment that starts the build needs to have these variables declared for everything to work properly, which means that additional setup is required outside what Nix controls.
346 _Default value:_ `[]`.
348 `curlOpts` (String; _optional_)
349 : If specified, this value will be appended to the invocation of {manpage}`curl(1)` when downloading the URL(s) given to `fetchurl`.
350 Multiple arguments can be separated by spaces normally, but values with whitespaces will be interpreted as multiple arguments (instead of a single value), even if the value is escaped.
351 See `curlOptsList` for a way to pass values with whitespaces in them.
353 _Default value:_ `""`.
355 `curlOptsList` (List of String; _optional_)
356 : If specified, each element of this list will be passed as an argument to the invocation of {manpage}`curl(1)` when downloading the URL(s) given to `fetchurl`.
357 This allows passing values that contain spaces, with no escaping needed.
359 _Default value:_ `[]`.
361 `showURLs` (Boolean; _optional_)
362 : If set to `true`, this will stop `fetchurl` from downloading anything at all.
363 Instead, it will output a list of all the URLs it would've used to download the content (after resolving `mirror://` URLs, for example).
364 This is useful for debugging.
366 _Default value:_ `false`.
368 `meta` (Attribute Set; _optional_)
369 : Specifies any [meta-attributes](#chap-meta) for the derivation returned by `fetchurl`.
371 _Default value:_ `{}`.
373 `passthru` (Attribute Set; _optional_)
374 : Specifies any extra [`passthru`](#chap-passthru) attributes for the derivation returned by `fetchurl`.
375 Note that `fetchurl` defines [`passthru` attributes of its own](#ssec-pkgs-fetchers-fetchurl-passthru-outputs).
376 Attributes specified in `passthru` can override the default attributes returned by `fetchurl`.
378 _Default value:_ `{}`.
380 `preferLocalBuild` (Boolean; _optional_)
381 : This is the same attribute as [defined in the Nix manual](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/language/advanced-attributes.html#adv-attr-preferLocalBuild).
382 It is `true` by default because making a remote machine download the content just duplicates network traffic (since the local machine might download the results from the derivation anyway), but this could be useful in cases where network access is restricted on local machines.
384 _Default value:_ `true`.
386 `nativeBuildInputs` (List of Attribute Set; _optional_)
387 : Additional packages needed to download the content.
388 This is useful if you need extra packages for `postFetch` or `netrcPhase`, for example.
389 Has the same semantics as in [](#var-stdenv-nativeBuildInputs).
390 See [](#ex-fetchers-fetchurl-nixpkgs-version-postfetch) to understand how this can be used with `postFetch`.
392 _Default value:_ `[]`.
394 ### Passthru outputs {#ssec-pkgs-fetchers-fetchurl-passthru-outputs}
396 `fetchurl` also defines its own [`passthru`](#chap-passthru) attributes:
400 : The same `url` attribute passed in the argument to `fetchurl`.
402 ### Examples {#ssec-pkgs-fetchers-fetchurl-examples}
404 :::{.example #ex-fetchers-fetchurl-nixpkgs-version}
405 # Using `fetchurl` to download a file
407 The following package downloads a small file from a URL and shows the most common way to use `fetchurl`:
412 url = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/23.11/.version";
413 hash = "sha256-BZqI7r0MNP29yGH5+yW2tjU9OOpOCEvwWKrWCv5CQ0I=";
417 After building the package, the file will be downloaded and place into the Nix store:
421 (output removed for clarity)
422 /nix/store/4g9y3x851wqrvim4zcz5x2v3zivmsq8n-version
424 $ cat /nix/store/4g9y3x851wqrvim4zcz5x2v3zivmsq8n-version
429 :::{.example #ex-fetchers-fetchurl-nixpkgs-version-multiple-urls}
430 # Using `fetchurl` to download a file with multiple possible URLs
432 The following package adapts [](#ex-fetchers-fetchurl-nixpkgs-version) to use multiple URLs.
433 The first URL was crafted to intentionally return an error to illustrate how `fetchurl` will try multiple URLs until it finds one that works (or all URLs fail).
439 "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/23.11/does-not-exist"
440 "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/23.11/.version"
442 hash = "sha256-BZqI7r0MNP29yGH5+yW2tjU9OOpOCEvwWKrWCv5CQ0I=";
446 After building the package, both URLs will be used to download the file:
450 (some output removed for clarity)
451 trying https://raw.githubusercontent.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/23.11/does-not-exist
452 (some output removed for clarity)
453 curl: (22) The requested URL returned error: 404
455 trying https://raw.githubusercontent.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/23.11/.version
456 (some output removed for clarity)
457 /nix/store/n9asny31z32q7sdw6a8r1gllrsfy53kl-does-not-exist
459 $ cat /nix/store/n9asny31z32q7sdw6a8r1gllrsfy53kl-does-not-exist
463 However, note that the name of the file was derived from the first URL (this is further explained in [the `fetchurl` overview](#sec-pkgs-fetchers-fetchurl)).
464 To ensure the result will have the same name regardless of which URLs are used, we can modify the package:
469 name = "nixpkgs-version";
471 "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/23.11/does-not-exist"
472 "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/23.11/.version"
474 hash = "sha256-BZqI7r0MNP29yGH5+yW2tjU9OOpOCEvwWKrWCv5CQ0I=";
478 After building the package, the result will have the name we specified:
482 (output removed for clarity)
483 /nix/store/zczb6wl3al6jm9sm5h3pr6nqn0i5ji9z-nixpkgs-version
487 :::{.example #ex-fetchers-fetchurl-nixpkgs-version-postfetch}
488 # Manipulating the content downloaded by `fetchurl`
490 It might be useful to manipulate the content downloaded by `fetchurl` directly in its derivation.
491 In this example, we'll adapt [](#ex-fetchers-fetchurl-nixpkgs-version) to append the result of running the `hello` package to the contents we download, purely to illustrate how to manipulate the content.
494 { fetchurl, hello, lib }:
496 url = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/23.11/.version";
498 nativeBuildInputs = [ hello ];
500 downloadToTemp = true;
502 ${lib.getExe hello} >> $downloadedFile
503 mv $downloadedFile $out
506 hash = "sha256-ceooQQYmDx5+0nfg40uU3NNI2yKrixP7HZ/xLZUNv+w=";
510 After building the package, the resulting file will have "Hello, world!" appended to it:
514 (output removed for clarity)
515 /nix/store/ifi6pp7q0ag5h7c5v9h1c1c7bhd10c7f-version
517 $ cat /nix/store/ifi6pp7q0ag5h7c5v9h1c1c7bhd10c7f-version
522 Note that the `hash` specified in the package is different than the hash specified in [](#ex-fetchers-fetchurl-nixpkgs-version), because the contents of the output have changed (even though the actual file that was downloaded is the same).
523 See [](#chap-pkgs-fetchers-caveats) for more details on how to work with the `hash` attribute when the output changes.
526 ## `fetchzip` {#sec-pkgs-fetchers-fetchzip}
528 Returns a [fixed-output derivation](https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/glossary.html#gloss-fixed-output-derivation) which downloads an archive from a given URL and decompresses it.
530 Despite its name, `fetchzip` is not limited to `.zip` files but can also be used with [various compressed tarball formats](#tar-files) by default.
531 This can extended by specifying additional attributes, see [](#ex-fetchers-fetchzip-rar-archive) to understand how to do that.
533 ### Inputs {#sec-pkgs-fetchers-fetchzip-inputs}
535 `fetchzip` requires an attribute set, and most attributes are passed to the underlying call to [`fetchurl`](#sec-pkgs-fetchers-fetchurl).
537 The attributes below are treated differently by `fetchzip` when compared to what `fetchurl` expects:
539 `name` (String; _optional_)
540 : Works as defined in `fetchurl`, but has a different default value than `fetchurl`.
542 _Default value:_ `"source"`.
544 `nativeBuildInputs` (List of Attribute Set; _optional_)
545 : Works as defined in `fetchurl`, but it is also augmented by `fetchzip` to include packages to deal with additional archives (such as `.zip`).
547 _Default value:_ `[]`.
549 `postFetch` (String; _optional_)
550 : Works as defined in `fetchurl`, but it is also augmented with the code needed to make `fetchzip` work.
553 It is only safe to modify files in `$out` in `postFetch`.
554 Consult the implementation of `fetchzip` for anything more involved.
557 _Default value:_ `""`.
559 `stripRoot` (Boolean; _optional_)
560 : If `true`, the decompressed contents are moved one level up the directory tree.
562 This is useful for archives that decompress into a single directory which commonly includes some values that change with time, such as version numbers.
563 When this is the case (and `stripRoot` is `true`), `fetchzip` will remove this directory and make the decompressed contents available in the top-level directory.
565 [](#ex-fetchers-fetchzip-simple-striproot) shows what this attribute does.
567 This attribute is **not** passed through to `fetchurl`.
569 _Default value:_ `true`.
571 `extension` (String or Null; _optional_)
572 : If set, the archive downloaded by `fetchzip` will be renamed to a filename with the extension specified in this attribute.
574 This is useful when making `fetchzip` support additional types of archives, because the implementation may use the extension of an archive to determine whether they can decompress it.
575 If the URL you're using to download the contents doesn't end with the extension associated with the archive, use this attribute to fix the filename of the archive.
577 This attribute is **not** passed through to `fetchurl`.
579 _Default value:_ `null`.
581 `recursiveHash` (Boolean; _optional_)
582 : Works [as defined in `fetchurl`](#sec-pkgs-fetchers-fetchurl-inputs-recursiveHash), but its default value is different than for `fetchurl`.
584 _Default value:_ `true`.
586 `downloadToTemp` (Boolean; _optional_)
587 : Works [as defined in `fetchurl`](#sec-pkgs-fetchers-fetchurl-inputs-downloadToTemp), but its default value is different than for `fetchurl`.
589 _Default value:_ `true`.
591 `extraPostFetch` **DEPRECATED**
592 : This attribute is deprecated.
593 Please use `postFetch` instead.
595 This attribute is **not** passed through to `fetchurl`.
597 ### Examples {#sec-pkgs-fetchers-fetchzip-examples}
599 ::::{.example #ex-fetchers-fetchzip-simple-striproot}
600 # Using `fetchzip` to output contents directly
602 The following recipe shows how to use `fetchzip` to decompress a `.tar.gz` archive:
607 url = "https://github.com/NixOS/patchelf/releases/download/0.18.0/patchelf-0.18.0.tar.gz";
608 hash = "sha256-3ABYlME9R8klcpJ7MQpyFEFwHmxDDEzIYBqu/CpDYmg=";
612 This archive has all its contents in a directory named `patchelf-0.18.0`.
613 This means that after decompressing, you'd have to enter this directory to see the contents of the archive.
614 However, `fetchzip` makes this easier through the attribute `stripRoot` (enabled by default).
616 After building the recipe, the derivation output will show all the files in the archive at the top level:
620 (output removed for clarity)
621 /nix/store/1b7h3fvmgrcddvs0m299hnqxlgli1yjw-source
623 $ ls /nix/store/1b7h3fvmgrcddvs0m299hnqxlgli1yjw-source
624 aclocal.m4 completions configure.ac m4 Makefile.in patchelf.spec README.md tests
625 build-aux configure COPYING Makefile.am patchelf.1 patchelf.spec.in src version
628 If `stripRoot` is set to `false`, the derivation output will be the decompressed archive as-is:
633 url = "https://github.com/NixOS/patchelf/releases/download/0.18.0/patchelf-0.18.0.tar.gz";
634 hash = "sha256-uv3FuKE4DqpHT3yfE0qcnq0gYjDNQNKZEZt2+PUAneg=";
641 Whenever changing attributes of a Nixpkgs fetcher, [remember to invalidate the hash](#chap-pkgs-fetchers-caveats), otherwise you won't get the results you're expecting!
644 After building the recipe:
648 (output removed for clarity)
649 /nix/store/2hy5bxw7xgbgxkn0i4x6hjr8w3dbx16c-source
651 $ ls /nix/store/2hy5bxw7xgbgxkn0i4x6hjr8w3dbx16c-source
656 ::::{.example #ex-fetchers-fetchzip-rar-archive}
657 # Using `fetchzip` to decompress a `.rar` file
659 The `unrar` package provides a [setup hook](#ssec-setup-hooks) to decompress `.rar` archives during the [unpack phase](#ssec-unpack-phase), which can be used with `fetchzip` to decompress those archives:
664 url = "https://archive.org/download/SpaceCadet_Plus95/Space_Cadet.rar";
665 hash = "sha256-fC+zsR8BY6vXpUkVd6i1jF0IZZxVKVvNi6VWCKT+pA4=";
667 nativeBuildInputs = [ unrar ];
671 Since this particular `.rar` file doesn't put its contents in a directory inside the archive, `stripRoot` must be set to `false`.
673 After building the recipe, the derivation output will show the decompressed files:
677 (output removed for clarity)
678 /nix/store/zpn7knxfva6rfjja2gbb4p3l9w1f0d36-source
680 $ ls /nix/store/zpn7knxfva6rfjja2gbb4p3l9w1f0d36-source
681 FONT.DAT PINBALL.DAT PINBALL.EXE PINBALL2.MID TABLE.BMP WMCONFIG.EXE
682 MSCREATE.DIR PINBALL.DOC PINBALL.MID Sounds WAVEMIX.INF
686 ## `fetchpatch` {#fetchpatch}
688 `fetchpatch` works very similarly to `fetchurl` with the same arguments expected. It expects patch files as a source and performs normalization on them before computing the checksum. For example, it will remove comments or other unstable parts that are sometimes added by version control systems and can change over time.
690 - `relative`: Similar to using `git-diff`'s `--relative` flag, only keep changes inside the specified directory, making paths relative to it.
691 - `stripLen`: Remove the first `stripLen` components of pathnames in the patch.
692 - `decode`: Pipe the downloaded data through this command before processing it as a patch.
693 - `extraPrefix`: Prefix pathnames by this string.
694 - `excludes`: Exclude files matching these patterns (applies after the above arguments).
695 - `includes`: Include only files matching these patterns (applies after the above arguments).
696 - `revert`: Revert the patch.
698 Note that because the checksum is computed after applying these effects, using or modifying these arguments will have no effect unless the `hash` argument is changed as well.
701 Most other fetchers return a directory rather than a single file.
704 ## `fetchDebianPatch` {#fetchdebianpatch}
706 A wrapper around `fetchpatch`, which takes:
707 - `patch` and `hash`: the patch's filename,
708 and its hash after normalization by `fetchpatch` ;
709 - `pname`: the Debian source package's name ;
710 - `version`: the upstream version number ;
711 - `debianRevision`: the [Debian revision number] if applicable ;
712 - the `area` of the Debian archive: `main` (default), `contrib`, or `non-free`.
714 Here is an example of `fetchDebianPatch` in action:
722 buildPythonPackage rec {
723 pname = "pysimplesoap";
729 inherit pname version;
730 debianRevision = "5";
731 name = "Add-quotes-to-SOAPAction-header-in-SoapClient.patch";
732 hash = "sha256-xA8Wnrpr31H8wy3zHSNfezFNjUJt1HbSXn3qUMzeKc0=";
740 Patches are fetched from `sources.debian.org`, and so must come from a
741 package version that was uploaded to the Debian archive. Packages may
742 be removed from there once that specific version isn't in any suite
743 anymore (stable, testing, unstable, etc.), so maintainers should use
744 `copy-tarballs.pl` to archive the patch if it needs to be available
747 [Debian revision number]: https://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-controlfields.html#version
750 ## `fetchsvn` {#fetchsvn}
752 Used with Subversion. Expects `url` to a Subversion directory, `rev`, and `hash`.
754 ## `fetchgit` {#fetchgit}
756 Used with Git. Expects `url` to a Git repo, `rev`, and `hash`. `rev` in this case can be full the git commit id (SHA1 hash) or a tag name like `refs/tags/v1.0`.
758 Additionally, the following optional arguments can be given:
760 *`fetchSubmodules`* (Boolean)
762 : Whether to also fetch the submodules of a repository.
764 *`fetchLFS`* (Boolean)
766 : Whether to fetch LFS objects.
768 *`postFetch`* (String)
770 : Shell code executed after the file has been fetched successfully.
771 This can do things like check or transform the file.
773 *`leaveDotGit`* (Boolean)
775 : Whether the `.git` directory of the clone should *not* be removed after checkout.
777 Be warned though that the git repository format is not stable and this flag is therefore not suitable for actual use by itself.
778 Only use this for testing purposes or in conjunction with removing the `.git` directory in `postFetch`.
780 *`deepClone`* (Boolean)
782 : Clone the entire repository as opposing to just creating a shallow clone.
783 This implies `leaveDotGit`.
785 *`sparseCheckout`* (List of String)
787 : Prevent git from fetching unnecessary blobs from server.
788 This is useful if only parts of the repository are needed.
790 ::: {.example #ex-fetchgit-sparseCheckout}
792 # Use `sparseCheckout` to only include some directories:
795 { stdenv, fetchgit }:
797 stdenv.mkDerivation {
802 "directory/to/be/included"
805 hash = "sha256-AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA=";
811 See [git sparse-checkout](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-sparse-checkout) for more information.
813 Some additional parameters for niche use-cases can be found listed in the function parameters in the declaration of `fetchgit`: `pkgs/build-support/fetchgit/default.nix`.
814 Future parameters additions might also happen without immediately being documented here.
816 ## `fetchfossil` {#fetchfossil}
818 Used with Fossil. Expects `url` to a Fossil archive, `rev`, and `hash`.
820 ## `fetchcvs` {#fetchcvs}
822 Used with CVS. Expects `cvsRoot`, `tag`, and `hash`.
824 ## `fetchhg` {#fetchhg}
826 Used with Mercurial. Expects `url`, `rev`, and `hash`.
828 A number of fetcher functions wrap part of `fetchurl` and `fetchzip`. They are mainly convenience functions intended for commonly used destinations of source code in Nixpkgs. These wrapper fetchers are listed below.
830 ## `fetchFromGitea` {#fetchfromgitea}
832 `fetchFromGitea` expects five arguments. `domain` is the gitea server name. `owner` is a string corresponding to the Gitea user or organization that controls this repository. `repo` corresponds to the name of the software repository. These are located at the top of every Gitea HTML page as `owner`/`repo`. `rev` corresponds to the Git commit hash or tag (e.g `v1.0`) that will be downloaded from Git. Finally, `hash` corresponds to the hash of the extracted directory. Again, other hash algorithms are also available but `hash` is currently preferred.
834 ## `fetchFromGitHub` {#fetchfromgithub}
836 `fetchFromGitHub` expects four arguments. `owner` is a string corresponding to the GitHub user or organization that controls this repository. `repo` corresponds to the name of the software repository. These are located at the top of every GitHub HTML page as `owner`/`repo`. `rev` corresponds to the Git commit hash or tag (e.g `v1.0`) that will be downloaded from Git. Finally, `hash` corresponds to the hash of the extracted directory. Again, other hash algorithms are also available, but `hash` is currently preferred.
838 To use a different GitHub instance, use `githubBase` (defaults to `"github.com"`).
840 `fetchFromGitHub` uses `fetchzip` to download the source archive generated by GitHub for the specified revision. If `leaveDotGit`, `deepClone` or `fetchSubmodules` are set to `true`, `fetchFromGitHub` will use `fetchgit` instead. Refer to its section for documentation of these options.
842 ## `fetchFromGitLab` {#fetchfromgitlab}
844 This is used with GitLab repositories. It behaves similarly to `fetchFromGitHub`, and expects `owner`, `repo`, `rev`, and `hash`.
846 To use a specific GitLab instance, use `domain` (defaults to `"gitlab.com"`).
849 ## `fetchFromGitiles` {#fetchfromgitiles}
851 This is used with Gitiles repositories. The arguments expected are similar to `fetchgit`.
853 ## `fetchFromBitbucket` {#fetchfrombitbucket}
855 This is used with BitBucket repositories. The arguments expected are very similar to `fetchFromGitHub` above.
857 ## `fetchFromSavannah` {#fetchfromsavannah}
859 This is used with Savannah repositories. The arguments expected are very similar to `fetchFromGitHub` above.
861 ## `fetchFromRepoOrCz` {#fetchfromrepoorcz}
863 This is used with repo.or.cz repositories. The arguments expected are very similar to `fetchFromGitHub` above.
865 ## `fetchFromSourcehut` {#fetchfromsourcehut}
867 This is used with sourcehut repositories. Similar to `fetchFromGitHub` above,
868 it expects `owner`, `repo`, `rev` and `hash`, but don't forget the tilde (~)
869 in front of the username! Expected arguments also include `vc` ("git" (default)
870 or "hg"), `domain` and `fetchSubmodules`.
872 If `fetchSubmodules` is `true`, `fetchFromSourcehut` uses `fetchgit`
873 or `fetchhg` with `fetchSubmodules` or `fetchSubrepos` set to `true`,
874 respectively. Otherwise, the fetcher uses `fetchzip`.
876 ## `requireFile` {#requirefile}
878 `requireFile` allows requesting files that cannot be fetched automatically, but whose content is known.
879 This is a useful last-resort workaround for license restrictions that prohibit redistribution, or for downloads that are only accessible after authenticating interactively in a browser.
880 If the requested file is present in the Nix store, the resulting derivation will not be built, because its expected output is already available.
881 Otherwise, the builder will run, but fail with a message explaining to the user how to provide the file. The following code, for example:
885 name = "jdk-${version}_linux-x64_bin.tar.gz";
886 url = "https://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/javase-jdk11-downloads.html";
887 hash = "sha256-lL00+F7jjT71nlKJ7HRQuUQ7kkxVYlZh//5msD8sjeI=";
890 results in this error message:
893 Unfortunately, we cannot download file jdk-11.0.10_linux-x64_bin.tar.gz automatically.
894 Please go to https://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/javase-jdk11-downloads.html to download it yourself, and add it to the Nix store
896 nix-store --add-fixed sha256 jdk-11.0.10_linux-x64_bin.tar.gz
898 nix-prefetch-url --type sha256 file:///path/to/jdk-11.0.10_linux-x64_bin.tar.gz
903 This function should only be used by non-redistributable software with an unfree license that we need to require the user to download manually.
904 It produces packages that cannot be built automatically.
906 ## `fetchtorrent` {#fetchtorrent}
908 `fetchtorrent` expects two arguments. `url` which can either be a Magnet URI (Magnet Link) such as `magnet:?xt=urn:btih:dd8255ecdc7ca55fb0bbf81323d87062db1f6d1c` or an HTTP URL pointing to a `.torrent` file. It can also take a `config` argument which will craft a `settings.json` configuration file and give it to `transmission`, the underlying program that is performing the fetch. The available config options for `transmission` can be found [here](https://github.com/transmission/transmission/blob/main/docs/Editing-Configuration-Files.md#options)
914 config = { peer-limit-global = 100; };
915 url = "magnet:?xt=urn:btih:dd8255ecdc7ca55fb0bbf81323d87062db1f6d1c";
920 ### Parameters {#fetchtorrent-parameters}
922 - `url`: Magnet URI (Magnet Link) such as `magnet:?xt=urn:btih:dd8255ecdc7ca55fb0bbf81323d87062db1f6d1c` or an HTTP URL pointing to a `.torrent` file.
924 - `backend`: Which bittorrent program to use. Default: `"transmission"`. Valid values are `"rqbit"` or `"transmission"`. These are the two most suitable torrent clients for fetching in a fixed-output derivation at the time of writing, as they can be easily exited after usage. `rqbit` is written in Rust and has a smaller closure size than `transmission`, and the performance and peer discovery properties differs between these clients, requiring experimentation to decide upon which is the best.
926 - `config`: When using `transmission` as the `backend`, a json configuration can
927 be supplied to transmission. Refer to the [upstream documentation](https://github.com/transmission/transmission/blob/main/docs/Editing-Configuration-Files.md) for information on how to configure.