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28 // This benchmark is based on a JavaScript log processing module used
29 // by the V8 profiler to generate execution time profiles for runs of
30 // JavaScript applications, and it effectively measures how fast the
31 // JavaScript engine is at allocating nodes and reclaiming the memory
32 // used for old nodes. Because of the way splay trees work, the engine
33 // also has to deal with a lot of changes to the large tree object
36 var Splay = new BenchmarkSuite('Splay', 81491, [
37 new Benchmark("Splay", SplayRun, SplaySetup, SplayTearDown)
42 var kSplayTreeSize = 8000;
43 var kSplayTreeModifications = 80;
44 var kSplayTreePayloadDepth = 5;
49 function GeneratePayloadTree(depth, tag) {
52 array : [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ],
53 string : 'String for key ' + tag + ' in leaf node'
57 left: GeneratePayloadTree(depth - 1, tag),
58 right: GeneratePayloadTree(depth - 1, tag)
64 function GenerateKey() {
65 // The benchmark framework guarantees that Math.random is
66 // deterministic; see base.js.
71 function InsertNewNode() {
72 // Insert new node with a unique key.
76 } while (splayTree.find(key) != null);
77 var payload = GeneratePayloadTree(kSplayTreePayloadDepth, String(key));
78 splayTree.insert(key, payload);
84 function SplaySetup() {
85 splayTree = new SplayTree();
86 for (var i = 0; i < kSplayTreeSize; i++) InsertNewNode();
90 function SplayTearDown() {
91 // Allow the garbage collector to reclaim the memory
92 // used by the splay tree no matter how we exit the
93 // tear down function.
94 var keys = splayTree.exportKeys();
97 // Verify that the splay tree has the right size.
98 var length = keys.length;
99 if (length != kSplayTreeSize) {
100 throw new Error("Splay tree has wrong size");
103 // Verify that the splay tree has sorted, unique keys.
104 for (var i = 0; i < length - 1; i++) {
105 if (keys[i] >= keys[i + 1]) {
106 throw new Error("Splay tree not sorted");
112 function SplayRun() {
113 // Replace a few nodes in the splay tree.
114 for (var i = 0; i < kSplayTreeModifications; i++) {
115 var key = InsertNewNode();
116 var greatest = splayTree.findGreatestLessThan(key);
117 if (greatest == null) splayTree.remove(key);
118 else splayTree.remove(greatest.key);
124 * Constructs a Splay tree. A splay tree is a self-balancing binary
125 * search tree with the additional property that recently accessed
126 * elements are quick to access again. It performs basic operations
127 * such as insertion, look-up and removal in O(log(n)) amortized time.
131 function SplayTree() {
136 * Pointer to the root node of the tree.
138 * @type {SplayTree.Node}
141 SplayTree.prototype.root_ = null;
145 * @return {boolean} Whether the tree is empty.
147 SplayTree.prototype.isEmpty = function() {
153 * Inserts a node into the tree with the specified key and value if
154 * the tree does not already contain a node with the specified key. If
155 * the value is inserted, it becomes the root of the tree.
157 * @param {number} key Key to insert into the tree.
158 * @param {*} value Value to insert into the tree.
160 SplayTree.prototype.insert = function(key, value) {
161 if (this.isEmpty()) {
162 this.root_ = new SplayTree.Node(key, value);
165 // Splay on the key to move the last node on the search path for
166 // the key to the root of the tree.
168 if (this.root_.key == key) {
171 var node = new SplayTree.Node(key, value);
172 if (key > this.root_.key) {
173 node.left = this.root_;
174 node.right = this.root_.right;
175 this.root_.right = null;
177 node.right = this.root_;
178 node.left = this.root_.left;
179 this.root_.left = null;
186 * Removes a node with the specified key from the tree if the tree
187 * contains a node with this key. The removed node is returned. If the
188 * key is not found, an exception is thrown.
190 * @param {number} key Key to find and remove from the tree.
191 * @return {SplayTree.Node} The removed node.
193 SplayTree.prototype.remove = function(key) {
194 if (this.isEmpty()) {
195 throw Error('Key not found: ' + key);
198 if (this.root_.key != key) {
199 throw Error('Key not found: ' + key);
201 var removed = this.root_;
202 if (!this.root_.left) {
203 this.root_ = this.root_.right;
205 var right = this.root_.right;
206 this.root_ = this.root_.left;
207 // Splay to make sure that the new root has an empty right child.
209 // Insert the original right child as the right child of the new
211 this.root_.right = right;
218 * Returns the node having the specified key or null if the tree doesn't contain
219 * a node with the specified key.
221 * @param {number} key Key to find in the tree.
222 * @return {SplayTree.Node} Node having the specified key.
224 SplayTree.prototype.find = function(key) {
225 if (this.isEmpty()) {
229 return this.root_.key == key ? this.root_ : null;
234 * @return {SplayTree.Node} Node having the maximum key value.
236 SplayTree.prototype.findMax = function(opt_startNode) {
237 if (this.isEmpty()) {
240 var current = opt_startNode || this.root_;
241 while (current.right) {
242 current = current.right;
249 * @return {SplayTree.Node} Node having the maximum key value that
250 * is less than the specified key value.
252 SplayTree.prototype.findGreatestLessThan = function(key) {
253 if (this.isEmpty()) {
256 // Splay on the key to move the node with the given key or the last
257 // node on the search path to the top of the tree.
259 // Now the result is either the root node or the greatest node in
261 if (this.root_.key < key) {
263 } else if (this.root_.left) {
264 return this.findMax(this.root_.left);
272 * @return {Array<*>} An array containing all the keys of tree's nodes.
274 SplayTree.prototype.exportKeys = function() {
276 if (!this.isEmpty()) {
277 this.root_.traverse_(function(node) { result.push(node.key); });
284 * Perform the splay operation for the given key. Moves the node with
285 * the given key to the top of the tree. If no node has the given
286 * key, the last node on the search path is moved to the top of the
287 * tree. This is the simplified top-down splaying algorithm from:
288 * "Self-adjusting Binary Search Trees" by Sleator and Tarjan
290 * @param {number} key Key to splay the tree on.
293 SplayTree.prototype.splay_ = function(key) {
294 if (this.isEmpty()) {
297 // Create a dummy node. The use of the dummy node is a bit
298 // counter-intuitive: The right child of the dummy node will hold
299 // the L tree of the algorithm. The left child of the dummy node
300 // will hold the R tree of the algorithm. Using a dummy node, left
301 // and right will always be nodes and we avoid special cases.
302 var dummy, left, right;
303 dummy = left = right = new SplayTree.Node(null, null);
304 var current = this.root_;
306 if (key < current.key) {
310 if (key < current.left.key) {
312 var tmp = current.left;
313 current.left = tmp.right;
321 right.left = current;
323 current = current.left;
324 } else if (key > current.key) {
325 if (!current.right) {
328 if (key > current.right.key) {
330 var tmp = current.right;
331 current.right = tmp.left;
334 if (!current.right) {
339 left.right = current;
341 current = current.right;
347 left.right = current.left;
348 right.left = current.right;
349 current.left = dummy.right;
350 current.right = dummy.left;
351 this.root_ = current;
356 * Constructs a Splay tree node.
358 * @param {number} key Key.
359 * @param {*} value Value.
361 SplayTree.Node = function(key, value) {
368 * @type {SplayTree.Node}
370 SplayTree.Node.prototype.left = null;
374 * @type {SplayTree.Node}
376 SplayTree.Node.prototype.right = null;
380 * Performs an ordered traversal of the subtree starting at
381 * this SplayTree.Node.
383 * @param {function(SplayTree.Node)} f Visitor function.
386 SplayTree.Node.prototype.traverse_ = function(f) {
389 var left = current.left;
390 if (left) left.traverse_(f);
392 current = current.right;