1 This is a small guide for those who want to write kernel drivers for I2C
4 To set up a driver, you need to do several things. Some are optional, and
5 some things can be done slightly or completely different. Use this as a
6 guide, not as a rule book!
12 Try to keep the kernel namespace as clean as possible. The best way to
13 do this is to use a unique prefix for all global symbols. This is
14 especially important for exported symbols, but it is a good idea to do
15 it for non-exported symbols too. We will use the prefix `foo_' in this
16 tutorial, and `FOO_' for preprocessor variables.
22 Usually, you will implement a single driver structure, and instantiate
23 all clients from it. Remember, a driver structure contains general access
24 routines, a client structure specific information like the actual I2C
27 struct i2c_driver foo_driver
29 /* name */ "Foo version 2.3 and later driver",
30 /* id */ I2C_DRIVERID_FOO,
31 /* flags */ I2C_DF_NOTIFY,
32 /* attach_adapter */ &foo_attach_adapter,
33 /* detach_client */ &foo_detach_client,
34 /* command */ &foo_command, /* May be NULL */
35 /* inc_use */ &foo_inc_use, /* May be NULL */
36 /* dec_use */ &foo_dev_use /* May be NULL */
39 The name can be chosen freely, and may be upto 40 characters long. Please
40 use something descriptive here.
42 The id should be a unique ID. The range 0xf000 to 0xffff is reserved for
43 local use, and you can use one of those until you start distributing the
44 driver. Before you do that, contact the i2c authors to get your own ID(s).
46 Don't worry about the flags field; just put I2C_DF_NOTIFY into it. This
47 means that your driver will be notified when new adapters are found.
48 This is almost always what you want.
50 All other fields are for call-back functions which will be explained
57 If your driver can also be compiled as a module, there are moments at
58 which the module can not be removed from memory. For example, when you
59 are doing a lengthy transaction, or when you create a /proc directory,
60 and some process has entered that directory (this last case is the
61 main reason why these call-backs were introduced).
63 To increase or decrease the module usage count, you can use the
64 MOD_{INC,DEC}_USE_COUNT macros. They must be called from the module
65 which needs to get its usage count changed; that is why each driver
66 module has to implement its own callback.
68 void foo_inc_use (struct i2c_client *client)
75 void foo_dec_use (struct i2c_client *client)
82 Do not call these call-back functions directly; instead, use one of the
83 following functions defined in i2c.h:
84 void i2c_inc_use_client(struct i2c_client *);
85 void i2c_dec_use_client(struct i2c_client *);
87 You should *not* increase the module count just because a device is
88 detected and a client created. This would make it impossible to remove
95 The client structure has a special `data' field that can point to any
96 structure at all. You can use this to keep client-specific data. You
97 do not always need this, but especially for `sensors' drivers, it can
100 An example structure is below.
103 struct semaphore lock; /* For ISA access in `sensors' drivers. */
104 int sysctl_id; /* To keep the /proc directory entry for
105 `sensors' drivers. */
106 enum chips type; /* To keep the chips type for `sensors' drivers. */
108 /* Because the i2c bus is slow, it is often useful to cache the read
109 information of a chip for some time (for example, 1 or 2 seconds).
110 It depends of course on the device whether this is really worthwhile
112 struct semaphore update_lock; /* When we are reading lots of information,
113 another process should not update the
115 char valid; /* != 0 if the following fields are valid. */
116 unsigned long last_updated; /* In jiffies */
117 /* Add the read information here too */
124 Let's say we have a valid client structure. At some time, we will need
125 to gather information from the client, or write new information to the
126 client. How we will export this information to user-space is less
127 important at this moment (perhaps we do not need to do this at all for
128 some obscure clients). But we need generic reading and writing routines.
130 I have found it useful to define foo_read and foo_write function for this.
131 For some cases, it will be easier to call the i2c functions directly,
132 but many chips have some kind of register-value idea that can easily
133 be encapsulated. Also, some chips have both ISA and I2C interfaces, and
134 it useful to abstract from this (only for `sensors' drivers).
136 The below functions are simple examples, and should not be copied
139 int foo_read_value(struct i2c_client *client, u8 reg)
141 if (reg < 0x10) /* byte-sized register */
142 return i2c_smbus_read_byte_data(client,reg);
143 else /* word-sized register */
144 return i2c_smbus_read_word_data(client,reg);
147 int foo_write_value(struct i2c_client *client, u8 reg, u16 value)
149 if (reg == 0x10) /* Impossible to write - driver error! */ {
151 else if (reg < 0x10) /* byte-sized register */
152 return i2c_smbus_write_byte_data(client,reg,value);
153 else /* word-sized register */
154 return i2c_smbus_write_word_data(client,reg,value);
157 For sensors code, you may have to cope with ISA registers too. Something
158 like the below often works. Note the locking!
160 int foo_read_value(struct i2c_client *client, u8 reg)
163 if (i2c_is_isa_client(client)) {
164 down(&(((struct foo_data *) (client->data)) -> lock));
165 outb_p(reg,client->addr + FOO_ADDR_REG_OFFSET);
166 res = inb_p(client->addr + FOO_DATA_REG_OFFSET);
167 up(&(((struct foo_data *) (client->data)) -> lock));
170 return i2c_smbus_read_byte_data(client,reg);
173 Writing is done the same way.
176 Probing and attaching
177 =====================
179 Most i2c devices can be present on several i2c addresses; for some this
180 is determined in hardware (by soldering some chip pins to Vcc or Ground),
181 for others this can be changed in software (by writing to specific client
182 registers). Some devices are usually on a specific address, but not always;
183 and some are even more tricky. So you will probably need to scan several
184 i2c addresses for your clients, and do some sort of detection to see
185 whether it is actually a device supported by your driver.
187 To give the user a maximum of possibilities, some default module parameters
188 are defined to help determine what addresses are scanned. Several macros
189 are defined in i2c.h to help you support them, as well as a generic
192 You do not have to use this parameter interface; but don't try to use
193 function i2c_probe() (or sensors_detect()) if you don't.
195 NOTE: If you want to write a `sensors' driver, the interface is slightly
196 different! See below.
200 Probing classes (i2c)
201 ---------------------
203 All parameters are given as lists of unsigned 16-bit integers. Lists are
204 terminated by I2C_CLIENT_END.
205 The following lists are used internally:
207 normal_i2c: filled in by the module writer.
208 A list of I2C addresses which should normally be examined.
209 normal_i2c_range: filled in by the module writer.
210 A list of pairs of I2C addresses, each pair being an inclusive range of
211 addresses which should normally be examined.
212 probe: insmod parameter.
213 A list of pairs. The first value is a bus number (-1 for any I2C bus),
214 the second is the address. These addresses are also probed, as if they
215 were in the 'normal' list.
216 probe_range: insmod parameter.
217 A list of triples. The first value is a bus number (-1 for any I2C bus),
218 the second and third are addresses. These form an inclusive range of
219 addresses that are also probed, as if they were in the 'normal' list.
220 ignore: insmod parameter.
221 A list of pairs. The first value is a bus number (-1 for any I2C bus),
222 the second is the I2C address. These addresses are never probed.
223 This parameter overrules 'normal' and 'probe', but not the 'force' lists.
224 ignore_range: insmod parameter.
225 A list of triples. The first value is a bus number (-1 for any I2C bus),
226 the second and third are addresses. These form an inclusive range of
227 I2C addresses that are never probed.
228 This parameter overrules 'normal' and 'probe', but not the 'force' lists.
229 force: insmod parameter.
230 A list of pairs. The first value is a bus number (-1 for any I2C bus),
231 the second is the I2C address. A device is blindly assumed to be on
232 the given address, no probing is done.
234 Fortunately, as a module writer, you just have to define the `normal'
235 and/or `normal_range' parameters. The complete declaration could look
238 /* Scan 0x20 to 0x2f, 0x37, and 0x40 to 0x4f */
239 static unsigned short normal_i2c[] = { 0x37,I2C_CLIENT_END };
240 static unsigned short normal_i2c_range[] = { 0x20, 0x2f, 0x40, 0x4f,
243 /* Magic definition of all other variables and things */
246 Note that you *have* to call the two defined variables `normal_i2c' and
247 `normal_i2c_range', without any prefix!
250 Probing classes (sensors)
251 -------------------------
253 If you write a `sensors' driver, you use a slightly different interface.
254 As well as I2C addresses, we have to cope with ISA addresses. Also, we
255 use a enum of chip types. Don't forget to include `sensors.h'.
257 The following lists are used internally. They are all lists of integers.
259 normal_i2c: filled in by the module writer. Terminated by SENSORS_I2C_END.
260 A list of I2C addresses which should normally be examined.
261 normal_i2c_range: filled in by the module writer. Terminated by
263 A list of pairs of I2C addresses, each pair being an inclusive range of
264 addresses which should normally be examined.
265 normal_isa: filled in by the module writer. Terminated by SENSORS_ISA_END.
266 A list of ISA addresses which should normally be examined.
267 normal_isa_range: filled in by the module writer. Terminated by
269 A list of triples. The first two elements are ISA addresses, being an
270 range of addresses which should normally be examined. The third is the
271 modulo parameter: only addresses which are 0 module this value relative
272 to the first address of the range are actually considered.
273 probe: insmod parameter. Initialize this list with SENSORS_I2C_END values.
274 A list of pairs. The first value is a bus number (SENSORS_ISA_BUS for
275 the ISA bus, -1 for any I2C bus), the second is the address. These
276 addresses are also probed, as if they were in the 'normal' list.
277 probe_range: insmod parameter. Initialize this list with SENSORS_I2C_END
279 A list of triples. The first value is a bus number (SENSORS_ISA_BUS for
280 the ISA bus, -1 for any I2C bus), the second and third are addresses.
281 These form an inclusive range of addresses that are also probed, as
282 if they were in the 'normal' list.
283 ignore: insmod parameter. Initialize this list with SENSORS_I2C_END values.
284 A list of pairs. The first value is a bus number (SENSORS_ISA_BUS for
285 the ISA bus, -1 for any I2C bus), the second is the I2C address. These
286 addresses are never probed. This parameter overrules 'normal' and
287 'probe', but not the 'force' lists.
288 ignore_range: insmod parameter. Initialize this list with SENSORS_I2C_END
290 A list of triples. The first value is a bus number (SENSORS_ISA_BUS for
291 the ISA bus, -1 for any I2C bus), the second and third are addresses.
292 These form an inclusive range of I2C addresses that are never probed.
293 This parameter overrules 'normal' and 'probe', but not the 'force' lists.
295 Also used is a list of pointers to sensors_force_data structures:
296 force_data: insmod parameters. A list, ending with an element of which
297 the force field is NULL.
298 Each element contains the type of chip and a list of pairs.
299 The first value is a bus number (SENSORS_ISA_BUS for the ISA bus,
300 -1 for any I2C bus), the second is the address.
301 These are automatically translated to insmod variables of the form
304 So we have a generic insmod variabled `force', and chip-specific variables
307 Fortunately, as a module writer, you just have to define the `normal'
308 and/or `normal_range' parameters, and define what chip names are used.
309 The complete declaration could look like this:
310 /* Scan i2c addresses 0x20 to 0x2f, 0x37, and 0x40 to 0x4f
311 static unsigned short normal_i2c[] = {0x37,SENSORS_I2C_END};
312 static unsigned short normal_i2c_range[] = {0x20,0x2f,0x40,0x4f,
314 /* Scan ISA address 0x290 */
315 static unsigned int normal_isa[] = {0x0290,SENSORS_ISA_END};
316 static unsigned int normal_isa_range[] = {SENSORS_ISA_END};
318 /* Define chips foo and bar, as well as all module parameters and things */
319 SENSORS_INSMOD_2(foo,bar);
321 If you have one chip, you use macro SENSORS_INSMOD_1(chip), if you have 2
322 you use macro SENSORS_INSMOD_2(chip1,chip2), etc. If you do not want to
323 bother with chip types, you can use SENSORS_INSMOD_0.
325 A enum is automatically defined as follows:
326 enum chips { any_chip, chip1, chip2, ... }
329 Attaching to an adapter
330 -----------------------
332 Whenever a new adapter is inserted, or for all adapters if the driver is
333 being registered, the callback attach_adapter() is called. Now is the
334 time to determine what devices are present on the adapter, and to register
335 a client for each of them.
337 The attach_adapter callback is really easy: we just call the generic
338 detection function. This function will scan the bus for us, using the
339 information as defined in the lists explained above. If a device is
340 detected at a specific address, another callback is called.
342 int foo_attach_adapter(struct i2c_adapter *adapter)
344 return i2c_probe(adapter,&addr_data,&foo_detect_client);
347 For `sensors' drivers, use the sensors_detect function instead:
349 int foo_attach_adapter(struct i2c_adapter *adapter)
351 return sensors_detect(adapter,&addr_data,&foo_detect_client);
354 Remember, structure `addr_data' is defined by the macros explained above,
355 so you do not have to define it yourself.
357 The i2c_probe or sensors_detect function will call the foo_detect_client
358 function only for those i2c addresses that actually have a device on
359 them (unless a `force' parameter was used). In addition, addresses that
360 are already in use (by some other registered client) are skipped.
363 The detect client function
364 --------------------------
366 The detect client function is called by i2c_probe or sensors_detect.
367 The `kind' parameter contains 0 if this call is due to a `force'
368 parameter, and 0 otherwise (for sensors_detect, it contains 0 if
369 this call is due to the generic `force' parameter, and the chip type
370 number if it is due to a specific `force' parameter).
372 Below, some things are only needed if this is a `sensors' driver. Those
373 parts are between /* SENSORS ONLY START */ and /* SENSORS ONLY END */
376 This function should only return an error (any value != 0) if there is
377 some reason why no more detection should be done anymore. If the
378 detection just fails for this address, return 0.
380 For now, you can ignore the `flags' parameter. It is there for future use.
382 /* Unique ID allocation */
383 static int foo_id = 0;
385 int foo_detect_client(struct i2c_adapter *adapter, int address,
386 unsigned short flags, int kind)
390 struct i2c_client *new_client;
391 struct foo_data *data;
392 const char *client_name = ""; /* For non-`sensors' drivers, put the real
395 /* Let's see whether this adapter can support what we need.
396 Please substitute the things you need here!
397 For `sensors' drivers, add `! is_isa &&' to the if statement */
398 if (!i2c_check_functionality(adapter,I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WORD_DATA |
399 I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WRITE_BYTE))
402 /* SENSORS ONLY START */
403 const char *type_name = "";
404 int is_isa = i2c_is_isa_adapter(adapter);
408 /* If this client can't be on the ISA bus at all, we can stop now
409 (call `goto ERROR0'). But for kicks, we will assume it is all
412 /* Discard immediately if this ISA range is already used */
413 if (check_region(address,FOO_EXTENT))
416 /* Probe whether there is anything on this address.
417 Some example code is below, but you will have to adapt this
418 for your own driver */
420 if (kind < 0) /* Only if no force parameter was used */ {
421 /* We may need long timeouts at least for some chips. */
422 #define REALLY_SLOW_IO
423 i = inb_p(address + 1);
424 if (inb_p(address + 2) != i)
426 if (inb_p(address + 3) != i)
428 if (inb_p(address + 7) != i)
430 #undef REALLY_SLOW_IO
432 /* Let's just hope nothing breaks here */
433 i = inb_p(address + 5) & 0x7f;
434 outb_p(~i & 0x7f,address+5);
435 if ((inb_p(address + 5) & 0x7f) != (~i & 0x7f)) {
442 /* SENSORS ONLY END */
444 /* OK. For now, we presume we have a valid client. We now create the
445 client structure, even though we cannot fill it completely yet.
446 But it allows us to access several i2c functions safely */
448 /* Note that we reserve some space for foo_data too. If you don't
449 need it, remove it. We do it here to help to lessen memory
451 if (! (new_client = kmalloc(sizeof(struct i2c_client)) +
452 sizeof(struct foo_data),
458 /* This is tricky, but it will set the data to the right value. */
459 client->data = new_client + 1;
460 data = (struct foo_data *) (client->data);
462 new_client->addr = address;
463 new_client->data = data;
464 new_client->adapter = adapter;
465 new_client->driver = &foo_driver;
466 new_client->flags = 0;
468 /* Now, we do the remaining detection. If no `force' parameter is used. */
470 /* First, the generic detection (if any), that is skipped if any force
471 parameter was used. */
473 /* The below is of course bogus */
474 if (foo_read(new_client,FOO_REG_GENERIC) != FOO_GENERIC_VALUE)
478 /* SENSORS ONLY START */
480 /* Next, specific detection. This is especially important for `sensors'
483 /* Determine the chip type. Not needed if a `force_CHIPTYPE' parameter
486 i = foo_read(new_client,FOO_REG_CHIPTYPE);
488 kind = chip1; /* As defined in the enum */
489 else if (i == FOO_TYPE_2)
492 printk("foo: Ignoring 'force' parameter for unknown chip at "
493 "adapter %d, address 0x%02x\n",i2c_adapter_id(adapter),address);
498 /* Now set the type and chip names */
500 type_name = "chip1"; /* For /proc entry */
501 client_name = "CHIP 1";
502 } else if (kind == chip2) {
503 type_name = "chip2"; /* For /proc entry */
504 client_name = "CHIP 2";
507 /* Reserve the ISA region */
509 request_region(address,FOO_EXTENT,type_name);
511 /* SENSORS ONLY END */
513 /* Fill in the remaining client fields. */
514 strcpy(new_client->name,client_name);
516 /* SENSORS ONLY BEGIN */
518 /* SENSORS ONLY END */
520 new_client->id = foo_id++; /* Automatically unique */
521 data->valid = 0; /* Only if you use this field */
522 init_MUTEX(&data->update_lock); /* Only if you use this field */
524 /* Any other initializations in data must be done here too. */
526 /* Tell the i2c layer a new client has arrived */
527 if ((err = i2c_attach_client(new_client)))
530 /* SENSORS ONLY BEGIN */
531 /* Register a new directory entry with module sensors. See below for
532 the `template' structure. */
533 if ((i = sensors_register_entry(new_client, type_name,
534 foo_dir_table_template,THIS_MODULE)) < 0) {
540 /* SENSORS ONLY END */
542 /* This function can write default values to the client registers, if
544 foo_init_client(new_client);
547 /* OK, this is not exactly good programming practice, usually. But it is
548 very code-efficient in this case. */
551 i2c_detach_client(new_client);
554 /* SENSORS ONLY START */
556 release_region(address,FOO_EXTENT);
557 /* SENSORS ONLY END */
568 The detach_client call back function is called when a client should be
569 removed. It may actually fail, but only when panicking. This code is
570 much simpler than the attachment code, fortunately!
572 int foo_detach_client(struct i2c_client *client)
576 /* SENSORS ONLY START */
577 /* Deregister with the `sensors' module. */
578 sensors_deregister_entry(((struct lm78_data *)(client->data))->sysctl_id);
579 /* SENSORS ONLY END */
581 /* Try to detach the client from i2c space */
582 if ((err = i2c_detach_client(client))) {
583 printk("foo.o: Client deregistration failed, client not detached.\n");
587 /* SENSORS ONLY START */
588 if i2c_is_isa_client(client)
589 release_region(client->addr,LM78_EXTENT);
590 /* SENSORS ONLY END */
592 kfree(client); /* Frees client data too, if allocated at the same time */
597 Initializing the module or kernel
598 =================================
600 When the kernel is booted, or when your foo driver module is inserted,
601 you have to do some initializing. Fortunately, just attaching (registering)
602 the driver module is usually enough.
604 /* Keep track of how far we got in the initialization process. If several
605 things have to initialized, and we fail halfway, only those things
606 have to be cleaned up! */
607 static int __initdata foo_initialized = 0;
609 int __init foo_init(void)
612 printk("foo version %s (%s)\n",FOO_VERSION,FOO_DATE);
614 if ((res = i2c_add_driver(&foo_driver))) {
615 printk("foo: Driver registration failed, module not inserted.\n");
623 int __init foo_cleanup(void)
626 if (foo_initialized == 1) {
627 if ((res = i2c_del_driver(&foo_driver))) {
628 printk("foo: Driver registration failed, module not removed.\n");
638 /* Substitute your own name and email address */
639 MODULE_AUTHOR("Frodo Looijaard <frodol@dds.nl>"
640 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Driver for Barf Inc. Foo I2C devices");
642 int init_module(void)
647 int cleanup_module(void)
649 return foo_cleanup();
652 #endif /* def MODULE */
654 Note that some functions are marked by `__init', and some data structures
655 by `__init_data'. If this driver is compiled as part of the kernel (instead
656 of as a module), those functions and structures can be removed after
657 kernel booting is completed.
662 A generic ioctl-like function call back is supported. You will seldom
663 need this. You may even set it to NULL.
665 /* No commands defined */
666 int foo_command(struct i2c_client *client, unsigned int cmd, void *arg)
672 Sending and receiving
673 =====================
675 If you want to communicate with your device, there are several functions
676 to do this. You can find all of them in i2c.h.
678 If you can choose between plain i2c communication and SMBus level
679 communication, please use the last. All adapters understand SMBus level
680 commands, but only some of them understand plain i2c!
683 Plain i2c communication
684 -----------------------
686 extern int i2c_master_send(struct i2c_client *,const char* ,int);
687 extern int i2c_master_recv(struct i2c_client *,char* ,int);
689 These routines read and write some bytes from/to a client. The client
690 contains the i2c address, so you do not have to include it. The second
691 parameter contains the bytes the read/write, the third the length of the
692 buffer. Returned is the actual number of bytes read/written.
694 extern int i2c_transfer(struct i2c_adapter *adap, struct i2c_msg msg[],
697 This sends a series of messages. Each message can be a read or write,
698 and they can be mixed in any way. The transactions are combined: no
699 stop bit is sent between transaction. The i2c_msg structure contains
700 for each message the client address, the number of bytes of the message
701 and the message data itself.
703 You can read the file `i2c-protocol' for more information about the
710 extern s32 i2c_smbus_xfer (struct i2c_adapter * adapter, u16 addr,
711 unsigned short flags,
712 char read_write, u8 command, int size,
713 union i2c_smbus_data * data);
715 This is the generic SMBus function. All functions below are implemented
716 in terms of it. Never use this function directly!
719 extern s32 i2c_smbus_write_quick(struct i2c_client * client, u8 value);
720 extern s32 i2c_smbus_read_byte(struct i2c_client * client);
721 extern s32 i2c_smbus_write_byte(struct i2c_client * client, u8 value);
722 extern s32 i2c_smbus_read_byte_data(struct i2c_client * client, u8 command);
723 extern s32 i2c_smbus_write_byte_data(struct i2c_client * client,
724 u8 command, u8 value);
725 extern s32 i2c_smbus_read_word_data(struct i2c_client * client, u8 command);
726 extern s32 i2c_smbus_write_word_data(struct i2c_client * client,
727 u8 command, u16 value);
728 extern s32 i2c_smbus_process_call(struct i2c_client * client,
729 u8 command, u16 value);
730 extern s32 i2c_smbus_read_block_data(struct i2c_client * client,
731 u8 command, u8 *values);
732 extern s32 i2c_smbus_write_block_data(struct i2c_client * client,
733 u8 command, u8 length,
736 All these transactions return -1 on failure. The 'write' transactions
737 return 0 on success; the 'read' transactions return the read value, except
738 for read_block, which returns the number of values read. The block buffers
739 need not be longer than 32 bytes.
741 You can read the file `smbus-protocol' for more information about the
742 actual SMBus protocol.
745 General purpose routines
746 ========================
748 Below all general purpose routines are listed, that were not mentioned
751 /* This call returns a unique low identifier for each registered adapter,
752 * or -1 if the adapter was not registered.
754 extern int i2c_adapter_id(struct i2c_adapter *adap);
757 The sensors sysctl/proc interface
758 =================================
760 This section only applies if you write `sensors' drivers.
762 Each sensors driver creates a directory in /proc/sys/dev/sensors for each
763 registered client. The directory is called something like foo-i2c-4-65.
764 The sensors module helps you to do this as easily as possible.
769 You will need to define a ctl_table template. This template will automatically
770 be copied to a newly allocated structure and filled in where necessary when
771 you call sensors_register_entry.
773 First, I will give an example definition.
774 static ctl_table foo_dir_table_template[] = {
775 { FOO_SYSCTL_FUNC1, "func1", NULL, 0, 0644, NULL, &sensors_proc_real,
776 &sensors_sysctl_real,NULL,&foo_func },
777 { FOO_SYSCTL_FUNC2, "func2", NULL, 0, 0644, NULL, &sensors_proc_real,
778 &sensors_sysctl_real,NULL,&foo_func },
779 { FOO_SYSCTL_DATA, "data", NULL, 0, 0644, NULL, &sensors_proc_real,
780 &sensors_sysctl_real,NULL,&foo_data },
784 In the above example, three entries are defined. They can either be
785 accessed through the /proc interface, in the /proc/sys/dev/sensors/*
786 directories, as files named func1, func2 and data, or alternatively
787 through the sysctl interface, in the appropriate table, with identifiers
788 FOO_SYSCTL_FUNC1, FOO_SYSCTL_FUNC2 and FOO_SYSCTL_DATA.
790 The third, sixth and ninth parameters should always be NULL, and the
791 fourth should always be 0. The fifth is the mode of the /proc file;
792 0644 is safe, as the file will be owned by root:root.
794 The seventh and eighth parameters should be &sensors_proc_real and
795 &sensors_sysctl_real if you want to export lists of reals (scaled
796 integers). You can also use your own function for them, as usual.
797 Finally, the last parameter is the call-back to gather the data
798 (see below) if you use the *_proc_real functions.
804 The call back functions (foo_func and foo_data in the above example)
805 can be called in several ways; the operation parameter determines
808 * If operation == SENSORS_PROC_REAL_INFO, you must return the
809 magnitude (scaling) in nrels_mag;
810 * If operation == SENSORS_PROC_REAL_READ, you must read information
811 from the chip and return it in results. The number of integers
812 to display should be put in nrels_mag;
813 * If operation == SENSORS_PROC_REAL_WRITE, you must write the
814 supplied information to the chip. nrels_mag will contain the number
815 of integers, results the integers themselves.
817 The *_proc_real functions will display the elements as reals for the
818 /proc interface. If you set the magnitude to 2, and supply 345 for
819 SENSORS_PROC_REAL_READ, it would display 3.45; and if the user would
820 write 45.6 to the /proc file, it would be returned as 4560 for
821 SENSORS_PROC_REAL_WRITE. A magnitude may even be negative!
825 /* FOO_FROM_REG and FOO_TO_REG translate between scaled values and
826 register values. Note the use of the read cache. */
827 void foo_in(struct i2c_client *client, int operation, int ctl_name,
828 int *nrels_mag, long *results)
830 struct foo_data *data = client->data;
831 int nr = ctl_name - FOO_SYSCTL_FUNC1; /* reduce to 0 upwards */
833 if (operation == SENSORS_PROC_REAL_INFO)
835 else if (operation == SENSORS_PROC_REAL_READ) {
836 /* Update the readings cache (if necessary) */
837 foo_update_client(client);
838 /* Get the readings from the cache */
839 results[0] = FOO_FROM_REG(data->foo_func_base[nr]);
840 results[1] = FOO_FROM_REG(data->foo_func_more[nr]);
841 results[2] = FOO_FROM_REG(data->foo_func_readonly[nr]);
843 } else if (operation == SENSORS_PROC_REAL_WRITE) {
844 if (*nrels_mag >= 1) {
845 /* Update the cache */
846 data->foo_base[nr] = FOO_TO_REG(results[0]);
847 /* Update the chip */
848 foo_write_value(client,FOO_REG_FUNC_BASE(nr),data->foo_base[nr]);
850 if (*nrels_mag >= 2) {
851 /* Update the cache */
852 data->foo_more[nr] = FOO_TO_REG(results[1]);
853 /* Update the chip */
854 foo_write_value(client,FOO_REG_FUNC_MORE(nr),data->foo_more[nr]);