1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
3 * linux/arch/x86/kernel/head_64.S -- start in 32bit and switch to 64bit
5 * Copyright (C) 2000 Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@suse.de> SuSE
6 * Copyright (C) 2000 Pavel Machek <pavel@suse.cz>
7 * Copyright (C) 2000 Karsten Keil <kkeil@suse.de>
8 * Copyright (C) 2001,2002 Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
9 * Copyright (C) 2005 Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
12 #include <linux/export.h>
13 #include <linux/linkage.h>
14 #include <linux/threads.h>
15 #include <linux/init.h>
16 #include <linux/pgtable.h>
17 #include <asm/segment.h>
20 #include <asm/cache.h>
21 #include <asm/processor-flags.h>
22 #include <asm/percpu.h>
24 #include "../entry/calling.h"
25 #include <asm/nospec-branch.h>
26 #include <asm/apicdef.h>
27 #include <asm/fixmap.h>
29 #include <asm/thread_info.h>
32 * We are not able to switch in one step to the final KERNEL ADDRESS SPACE
33 * because we need identity-mapped pages.
38 SYM_CODE_START_NOALIGN(startup_64)
39 UNWIND_HINT_END_OF_STACK
41 * At this point the CPU runs in 64bit mode CS.L = 1 CS.D = 0,
42 * and someone has loaded an identity mapped page table
43 * for us. These identity mapped page tables map all of the
44 * kernel pages and possibly all of memory.
46 * %RSI holds the physical address of the boot_params structure
47 * provided by the bootloader. Preserve it in %R15 so C function calls
48 * will not clobber it.
50 * We come here either directly from a 64bit bootloader, or from
51 * arch/x86/boot/compressed/head_64.S.
53 * We only come here initially at boot nothing else comes here.
55 * Since we may be loaded at an address different from what we were
56 * compiled to run at we first fixup the physical addresses in our page
57 * tables and then reload them.
61 /* Set up the stack for verify_cpu() */
62 leaq __top_init_kernel_stack(%rip), %rsp
64 /* Setup GSBASE to allow stack canary access for C code */
65 movl $MSR_GS_BASE, %ecx
66 leaq INIT_PER_CPU_VAR(fixed_percpu_data)(%rip), %rdx
71 call startup_64_setup_gdt_idt
73 /* Now switch to __KERNEL_CS so IRET works reliably */
75 leaq .Lon_kernel_cs(%rip), %rax
80 UNWIND_HINT_END_OF_STACK
82 #ifdef CONFIG_AMD_MEM_ENCRYPT
84 * Activate SEV/SME memory encryption if supported/enabled. This needs to
85 * be done now, since this also includes setup of the SEV-SNP CPUID table,
86 * which needs to be done before any CPUID instructions are executed in
87 * subsequent code. Pass the boot_params pointer as the first argument.
93 /* Sanitize CPU configuration */
97 * Perform pagetable fixups. Additionally, if SME is active, encrypt
98 * the kernel and retrieve the modifier (SME encryption mask if SME
99 * is active) to be added to the initial pgdir entry that will be
100 * programmed into CR3.
102 leaq _text(%rip), %rdi
106 /* Form the CR3 value being sure to include the CR3 modifier */
107 leaq early_top_pgt(%rip), %rcx
110 #ifdef CONFIG_AMD_MEM_ENCRYPT
114 * For SEV guests: Verify that the C-bit is correct. A malicious
115 * hypervisor could lie about the C-bit position to perform a ROP
116 * attack on the guest by writing to the unencrypted stack and wait for
117 * the next RET instruction.
123 * Switch to early_top_pgt which still has the identity mappings
128 /* Branch to the common startup code at its kernel virtual address */
129 ANNOTATE_RETPOLINE_SAFE
131 SYM_CODE_END(startup_64)
134 0: .quad common_startup_64
137 SYM_CODE_START(secondary_startup_64)
138 UNWIND_HINT_END_OF_STACK
141 * At this point the CPU runs in 64bit mode CS.L = 1 CS.D = 0,
142 * and someone has loaded a mapped page table.
144 * We come here either from startup_64 (using physical addresses)
145 * or from trampoline.S (using virtual addresses).
147 * Using virtual addresses from trampoline.S removes the need
148 * to have any identity mapped pages in the kernel page table
149 * after the boot processor executes this code.
152 /* Sanitize CPU configuration */
156 * The secondary_startup_64_no_verify entry point is only used by
157 * SEV-ES guests. In those guests the call to verify_cpu() would cause
158 * #VC exceptions which can not be handled at this stage of secondary
161 * All non SEV-ES systems, especially Intel systems, need to execute
162 * verify_cpu() above to make sure NX is enabled.
164 SYM_INNER_LABEL(secondary_startup_64_no_verify, SYM_L_GLOBAL)
165 UNWIND_HINT_END_OF_STACK
168 /* Clear %R15 which holds the boot_params pointer on the boot CPU */
171 /* Derive the runtime physical address of init_top_pgt[] */
172 movq phys_base(%rip), %rax
173 addq $(init_top_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map), %rax
176 * Retrieve the modifier (SME encryption mask if SME is active) to be
177 * added to the initial pgdir entry that will be programmed into CR3.
179 #ifdef CONFIG_AMD_MEM_ENCRYPT
180 addq sme_me_mask(%rip), %rax
183 * Switch to the init_top_pgt here, away from the trampoline_pgd and
184 * unmap the identity mapped ranges.
188 SYM_INNER_LABEL(common_startup_64, SYM_L_LOCAL)
189 UNWIND_HINT_END_OF_STACK
193 * Create a mask of CR4 bits to preserve. Omit PGE in order to flush
194 * global 1:1 translations from the TLBs.
197 * "If CR4.PGE is changing from 0 to 1, there were no global TLB
198 * entries before the execution; if CR4.PGE is changing from 1 to 0,
199 * there will be no global TLB entries after the execution."
201 movl $(X86_CR4_PAE | X86_CR4_LA57), %edx
202 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_MCE
204 * Preserve CR4.MCE if the kernel will enable #MC support.
205 * Clearing MCE may fault in some environments (that also force #MC
206 * support). Any machine check that occurs before #MC support is fully
207 * configured will crash the system regardless of the CR4.MCE value set
210 orl $X86_CR4_MCE, %edx
215 /* Even if ignored in long mode, set PSE uniformly on all logical CPUs. */
216 btsl $X86_CR4_PSE_BIT, %ecx
220 * Set CR4.PGE to re-enable global translations.
222 btsl $X86_CR4_PGE_BIT, %ecx
227 * For parallel boot, the APIC ID is read from the APIC, and then
228 * used to look up the CPU number. For booting a single CPU, the
229 * CPU number is encoded in smpboot_control.
231 * Bit 31 STARTUP_READ_APICID (Read APICID from APIC)
232 * Bit 0-23 CPU# if STARTUP_xx flags are not set
234 movl smpboot_control(%rip), %ecx
235 testl $STARTUP_READ_APICID, %ecx
238 * No control bit set, single CPU bringup. CPU number is provided
239 * in bit 0-23. This is also the boot CPU case (CPU number 0).
241 andl $(~STARTUP_PARALLEL_MASK), %ecx
245 /* Check whether X2APIC mode is already enabled */
246 mov $MSR_IA32_APICBASE, %ecx
248 testl $X2APIC_ENABLE, %eax
249 jnz .Lread_apicid_msr
251 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_X2APIC
253 * If system is in X2APIC mode then MMIO base might not be
254 * mapped causing the MMIO read below to fault. Faults can't
255 * be handled at that point.
257 cmpl $0, x2apic_mode(%rip)
258 jz .Lread_apicid_mmio
260 /* Force the AP into X2APIC mode. */
261 orl $X2APIC_ENABLE, %eax
263 jmp .Lread_apicid_msr
267 /* Read the APIC ID from the fix-mapped MMIO space. */
268 movq apic_mmio_base(%rip), %rcx
275 mov $APIC_X2APIC_ID_MSR, %ecx
279 /* EAX contains the APIC ID of the current CPU */
281 leaq cpuid_to_apicid(%rip), %rbx
284 cmpl (%rbx,%rcx,4), %eax
287 #ifdef CONFIG_FORCE_NR_CPUS
290 cmpl nr_cpu_ids(%rip), %ecx
294 /* APIC ID not found in the table. Drop the trampoline lock and bail. */
295 movq trampoline_lock(%rip), %rax
303 /* Get the per cpu offset for the given CPU# which is in ECX */
304 movq __per_cpu_offset(,%rcx,8), %rdx
306 xorl %edx, %edx /* zero-extended to clear all of RDX */
307 #endif /* CONFIG_SMP */
310 * Setup a boot time stack - Any secondary CPU will have lost its stack
311 * by now because the cr3-switch above unmaps the real-mode stack.
313 * RDX contains the per-cpu offset
315 movq pcpu_hot + X86_current_task(%rdx), %rax
316 movq TASK_threadsp(%rax), %rsp
319 * Now that this CPU is running on its own stack, drop the realmode
320 * protection. For the boot CPU the pointer is NULL!
322 movq trampoline_lock(%rip), %rax
329 * We must switch to a new descriptor in kernel space for the GDT
330 * because soon the kernel won't have access anymore to the userspace
331 * addresses where we're currently running on. We have to do that here
332 * because in 32bit we couldn't load a 64bit linear address.
335 movw $(GDT_SIZE-1), (%rsp)
336 leaq gdt_page(%rdx), %rax
341 /* set up data segments */
348 * We don't really need to load %fs or %gs, but load them anyway
349 * to kill any stale realmode selectors. This allows execution
357 * The base of %gs always points to fixed_percpu_data. If the
358 * stack protector canary is enabled, it is located at %gs:40.
359 * Note that, on SMP, the boot cpu uses init data section until
360 * the per cpu areas are set up.
362 movl $MSR_GS_BASE,%ecx
364 leaq INIT_PER_CPU_VAR(fixed_percpu_data)(%rip), %rdx
370 /* Setup and Load IDT */
373 /* Check if nx is implemented */
374 movl $0x80000001, %eax
378 /* Setup EFER (Extended Feature Enable Register) */
382 * Preserve current value of EFER for comparison and to skip
383 * EFER writes if no change was made (for TDX guest)
386 btsl $_EFER_SCE, %eax /* Enable System Call */
387 btl $20,%edi /* No Execute supported? */
390 btsq $_PAGE_BIT_NX,early_pmd_flags(%rip)
392 /* Avoid writing EFER if no change was made (for TDX guest) */
396 wrmsr /* Make changes effective */
399 movl $CR0_STATE, %eax
400 /* Make changes effective */
403 /* zero EFLAGS after setting rsp */
407 /* Pass the boot_params pointer as first argument */
411 xorl %ebp, %ebp # clear frame pointer
412 ANNOTATE_RETPOLINE_SAFE
413 callq *initial_code(%rip)
415 SYM_CODE_END(secondary_startup_64)
417 #include "verify_cpu.S"
418 #include "sev_verify_cbit.S"
420 #if defined(CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU) && defined(CONFIG_AMD_MEM_ENCRYPT)
422 * Entry point for soft restart of a CPU. Invoked from xxx_play_dead() for
423 * restarting the boot CPU or for restarting SEV guest CPUs after CPU hot
424 * unplug. Everything is set up already except the stack.
426 SYM_CODE_START(soft_restart_cpu)
428 UNWIND_HINT_END_OF_STACK
430 /* Find the idle task stack */
431 movq PER_CPU_VAR(pcpu_hot + X86_current_task), %rcx
432 movq TASK_threadsp(%rcx), %rsp
435 SYM_CODE_END(soft_restart_cpu)
438 #ifdef CONFIG_AMD_MEM_ENCRYPT
440 * VC Exception handler used during early boot when running on kernel
441 * addresses, but before the switch to the idt_table can be made.
442 * The early_idt_handler_array can't be used here because it calls into a lot
443 * of __init code and this handler is also used during CPU offlining/onlining.
444 * Therefore this handler ends up in the .text section so that it stays around
445 * when .init.text is freed.
447 SYM_CODE_START_NOALIGN(vc_boot_ghcb)
448 UNWIND_HINT_IRET_REGS offset=8
456 movq ORIG_RAX(%rsp), %rsi
457 movq initial_vc_handler(%rip), %rax
458 ANNOTATE_RETPOLINE_SAFE
464 /* Remove Error Code */
468 SYM_CODE_END(vc_boot_ghcb)
471 /* Both SMP bootup and ACPI suspend change these variables */
474 SYM_DATA(initial_code, .quad x86_64_start_kernel)
475 #ifdef CONFIG_AMD_MEM_ENCRYPT
476 SYM_DATA(initial_vc_handler, .quad handle_vc_boot_ghcb)
479 SYM_DATA(trampoline_lock, .quad 0);
483 SYM_CODE_START(early_idt_handler_array)
485 .rept NUM_EXCEPTION_VECTORS
486 .if ((EXCEPTION_ERRCODE_MASK >> i) & 1) == 0
487 UNWIND_HINT_IRET_REGS
489 pushq $0 # Dummy error code, to make stack frame uniform
491 UNWIND_HINT_IRET_REGS offset=8
494 pushq $i # 72(%rsp) Vector number
495 jmp early_idt_handler_common
496 UNWIND_HINT_IRET_REGS
498 .fill early_idt_handler_array + i*EARLY_IDT_HANDLER_SIZE - ., 1, 0xcc
500 SYM_CODE_END(early_idt_handler_array)
501 ANNOTATE_NOENDBR // early_idt_handler_array[NUM_EXCEPTION_VECTORS]
503 SYM_CODE_START_LOCAL(early_idt_handler_common)
504 UNWIND_HINT_IRET_REGS offset=16
506 * The stack is the hardware frame, an error code or zero, and the
511 incl early_recursion_flag(%rip)
513 /* The vector number is currently in the pt_regs->di slot. */
514 pushq %rsi /* pt_regs->si */
515 movq 8(%rsp), %rsi /* RSI = vector number */
516 movq %rdi, 8(%rsp) /* pt_regs->di = RDI */
517 pushq %rdx /* pt_regs->dx */
518 pushq %rcx /* pt_regs->cx */
519 pushq %rax /* pt_regs->ax */
520 pushq %r8 /* pt_regs->r8 */
521 pushq %r9 /* pt_regs->r9 */
522 pushq %r10 /* pt_regs->r10 */
523 pushq %r11 /* pt_regs->r11 */
524 pushq %rbx /* pt_regs->bx */
525 pushq %rbp /* pt_regs->bp */
526 pushq %r12 /* pt_regs->r12 */
527 pushq %r13 /* pt_regs->r13 */
528 pushq %r14 /* pt_regs->r14 */
529 pushq %r15 /* pt_regs->r15 */
532 movq %rsp,%rdi /* RDI = pt_regs; RSI is already trapnr */
533 call do_early_exception
535 decl early_recursion_flag(%rip)
536 jmp restore_regs_and_return_to_kernel
537 SYM_CODE_END(early_idt_handler_common)
539 #ifdef CONFIG_AMD_MEM_ENCRYPT
541 * VC Exception handler used during very early boot. The
542 * early_idt_handler_array can't be used because it returns via the
543 * paravirtualized INTERRUPT_RETURN and pv-ops don't work that early.
545 * XXX it does, fix this.
547 * This handler will end up in the .init.text section and not be
548 * available to boot secondary CPUs.
550 SYM_CODE_START_NOALIGN(vc_no_ghcb)
551 UNWIND_HINT_IRET_REGS offset=8
559 movq ORIG_RAX(%rsp), %rsi
565 /* Remove Error Code */
568 /* Pure iret required here - don't use INTERRUPT_RETURN */
570 SYM_CODE_END(vc_no_ghcb)
573 #ifdef CONFIG_MITIGATION_PAGE_TABLE_ISOLATION
575 * Each PGD needs to be 8k long and 8k aligned. We do not
576 * ever go out to userspace with these, so we do not
577 * strictly *need* the second page, but this allows us to
578 * have a single set_pgd() implementation that does not
579 * need to worry about whether it has 4k or 8k to work
582 * This ensures PGDs are 8k long:
584 #define PTI_USER_PGD_FILL 512
585 /* This ensures they are 8k-aligned: */
586 #define SYM_DATA_START_PTI_ALIGNED(name) \
587 SYM_START(name, SYM_L_GLOBAL, .balign 2 * PAGE_SIZE)
589 #define SYM_DATA_START_PTI_ALIGNED(name) \
590 SYM_DATA_START_PAGE_ALIGNED(name)
591 #define PTI_USER_PGD_FILL 0
597 SYM_DATA_START_PTI_ALIGNED(early_top_pgt)
599 .quad level3_kernel_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _PAGE_TABLE_NOENC
600 .fill PTI_USER_PGD_FILL,8,0
601 SYM_DATA_END(early_top_pgt)
603 SYM_DATA_START_PAGE_ALIGNED(early_dynamic_pgts)
604 .fill 512*EARLY_DYNAMIC_PAGE_TABLES,8,0
605 SYM_DATA_END(early_dynamic_pgts)
607 SYM_DATA(early_recursion_flag, .long 0)
611 #if defined(CONFIG_XEN_PV) || defined(CONFIG_PVH)
612 SYM_DATA_START_PTI_ALIGNED(init_top_pgt)
613 .quad level3_ident_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _KERNPG_TABLE_NOENC
614 .org init_top_pgt + L4_PAGE_OFFSET*8, 0
615 .quad level3_ident_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _KERNPG_TABLE_NOENC
616 .org init_top_pgt + L4_START_KERNEL*8, 0
617 /* (2^48-(2*1024*1024*1024))/(2^39) = 511 */
618 .quad level3_kernel_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _PAGE_TABLE_NOENC
619 .fill PTI_USER_PGD_FILL,8,0
620 SYM_DATA_END(init_top_pgt)
622 SYM_DATA_START_PAGE_ALIGNED(level3_ident_pgt)
623 .quad level2_ident_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _KERNPG_TABLE_NOENC
625 SYM_DATA_END(level3_ident_pgt)
626 SYM_DATA_START_PAGE_ALIGNED(level2_ident_pgt)
628 * Since I easily can, map the first 1G.
629 * Don't set NX because code runs from these pages.
631 * Note: This sets _PAGE_GLOBAL despite whether
632 * the CPU supports it or it is enabled. But,
633 * the CPU should ignore the bit.
635 PMDS(0, __PAGE_KERNEL_IDENT_LARGE_EXEC, PTRS_PER_PMD)
636 SYM_DATA_END(level2_ident_pgt)
638 SYM_DATA_START_PTI_ALIGNED(init_top_pgt)
640 .fill PTI_USER_PGD_FILL,8,0
641 SYM_DATA_END(init_top_pgt)
644 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_5LEVEL
645 SYM_DATA_START_PAGE_ALIGNED(level4_kernel_pgt)
647 .quad level3_kernel_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _PAGE_TABLE_NOENC
648 SYM_DATA_END(level4_kernel_pgt)
651 SYM_DATA_START_PAGE_ALIGNED(level3_kernel_pgt)
652 .fill L3_START_KERNEL,8,0
653 /* (2^48-(2*1024*1024*1024)-((2^39)*511))/(2^30) = 510 */
654 .quad level2_kernel_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _KERNPG_TABLE_NOENC
655 .quad level2_fixmap_pgt - __START_KERNEL_map + _PAGE_TABLE_NOENC
656 SYM_DATA_END(level3_kernel_pgt)
658 SYM_DATA_START_PAGE_ALIGNED(level2_kernel_pgt)
660 * Kernel high mapping.
662 * The kernel code+data+bss must be located below KERNEL_IMAGE_SIZE in
663 * virtual address space, which is 1 GiB if RANDOMIZE_BASE is enabled,
666 * (NOTE: after that starts the module area, see MODULES_VADDR.)
668 * This table is eventually used by the kernel during normal runtime.
669 * Care must be taken to clear out undesired bits later, like _PAGE_RW
670 * or _PAGE_GLOBAL in some cases.
672 PMDS(0, __PAGE_KERNEL_LARGE_EXEC, KERNEL_IMAGE_SIZE/PMD_SIZE)
673 SYM_DATA_END(level2_kernel_pgt)
675 SYM_DATA_START_PAGE_ALIGNED(level2_fixmap_pgt)
676 .fill (512 - 4 - FIXMAP_PMD_NUM),8,0
678 .rept (FIXMAP_PMD_NUM)
679 .quad level1_fixmap_pgt + (pgtno << PAGE_SHIFT) - __START_KERNEL_map \
683 /* 6 MB reserved space + a 2MB hole */
685 SYM_DATA_END(level2_fixmap_pgt)
687 SYM_DATA_START_PAGE_ALIGNED(level1_fixmap_pgt)
688 .rept (FIXMAP_PMD_NUM)
691 SYM_DATA_END(level1_fixmap_pgt)
696 SYM_DATA(smpboot_control, .long 0)
699 /* This must match the first entry in level2_kernel_pgt */
700 SYM_DATA(phys_base, .quad 0x0)
701 EXPORT_SYMBOL(phys_base)
703 #include "../xen/xen-head.S"
706 SYM_DATA_START_PAGE_ALIGNED(empty_zero_page)
708 SYM_DATA_END(empty_zero_page)
709 EXPORT_SYMBOL(empty_zero_page)