3 * Copyright(c) 2009-2013 TJ Holowaychuk
4 * Copyright(c) 2013 Roman Shtylman
5 * Copyright(c) 2014-2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson
12 * Module dependencies.
16 var finalhandler = require('finalhandler');
17 var methods = require('methods');
18 var debug = require('debug')('express:application');
19 var View = require('./view');
20 var http = require('http');
21 var compileETag = require('./utils').compileETag;
22 var compileQueryParser = require('./utils').compileQueryParser;
23 var compileTrust = require('./utils').compileTrust;
24 var merge = require('utils-merge');
25 var resolve = require('path').resolve;
26 var once = require('once')
27 var Router = require('router');
28 var setPrototypeOf = require('setprototypeof')
35 var slice = Array.prototype.slice;
36 var flatten = Array.prototype.flat;
39 * Application prototype.
42 var app = exports = module.exports = {};
45 * Variable for trust proxy inheritance back-compat
49 var trustProxyDefaultSymbol = '@@symbol:trust_proxy_default';
52 * Initialize the server.
54 * - setup default configuration
55 * - setup default middleware
56 * - setup route reflection methods
61 app.init = function init() {
64 this.cache = Object.create(null);
65 this.engines = Object.create(null);
66 this.settings = Object.create(null);
68 this.defaultConfiguration();
70 // Setup getting to lazily add base router
71 Object.defineProperty(this, 'router', {
74 get: function getrouter() {
75 if (router === null) {
77 caseSensitive: this.enabled('case sensitive routing'),
78 strict: this.enabled('strict routing')
88 * Initialize application configuration.
92 app.defaultConfiguration = function defaultConfiguration() {
93 var env = process.env.NODE_ENV || 'development';
96 this.enable('x-powered-by');
97 this.set('etag', 'weak');
99 this.set('query parser', 'simple')
100 this.set('subdomain offset', 2);
101 this.set('trust proxy', false);
103 // trust proxy inherit back-compat
104 Object.defineProperty(this.settings, trustProxyDefaultSymbol, {
109 debug('booting in %s mode', env);
111 this.on('mount', function onmount(parent) {
112 // inherit trust proxy
113 if (this.settings[trustProxyDefaultSymbol] === true
114 && typeof parent.settings['trust proxy fn'] === 'function') {
115 delete this.settings['trust proxy'];
116 delete this.settings['trust proxy fn'];
120 setPrototypeOf(this.request, parent.request)
121 setPrototypeOf(this.response, parent.response)
122 setPrototypeOf(this.engines, parent.engines)
123 setPrototypeOf(this.settings, parent.settings)
127 this.locals = Object.create(null);
129 // top-most app is mounted at /
130 this.mountpath = '/';
133 this.locals.settings = this.settings;
135 // default configuration
136 this.set('view', View);
137 this.set('views', resolve('views'));
138 this.set('jsonp callback name', 'callback');
140 if (env === 'production') {
141 this.enable('view cache');
146 * Dispatch a req, res pair into the application. Starts pipeline processing.
148 * If no callback is provided, then default error handlers will respond
149 * in the event of an error bubbling through the stack.
154 app.handle = function handle(req, res, callback) {
156 var done = callback || finalhandler(req, res, {
157 env: this.get('env'),
158 onerror: logerror.bind(this)
161 // set powered by header
162 if (this.enabled('x-powered-by')) {
163 res.setHeader('X-Powered-By', 'Express');
166 // set circular references
170 // alter the prototypes
171 setPrototypeOf(req, this.request)
172 setPrototypeOf(res, this.response)
176 res.locals = Object.create(null);
179 this.router.handle(req, res, done);
183 * Proxy `Router#use()` to add middleware to the app router.
184 * See Router#use() documentation for details.
186 * If the _fn_ parameter is an express app, then it will be
187 * mounted at the _route_ specified.
192 app.use = function use(fn) {
196 // default path to '/'
197 // disambiguate app.use([fn])
198 if (typeof fn !== 'function') {
201 while (Array.isArray(arg) && arg.length !== 0) {
205 // first arg is the path
206 if (typeof arg !== 'function') {
212 var fns = flatten.call(slice.call(arguments, offset), Infinity);
214 if (fns.length === 0) {
215 throw new TypeError('app.use() requires a middleware function')
219 var router = this.router;
221 fns.forEach(function (fn) {
223 if (!fn || !fn.handle || !fn.set) {
224 return router.use(path, fn);
227 debug('.use app under %s', path);
231 // restore .app property on req and res
232 router.use(path, function mounted_app(req, res, next) {
234 fn.handle(req, res, function (err) {
235 setPrototypeOf(req, orig.request)
236 setPrototypeOf(res, orig.response)
242 fn.emit('mount', this);
249 * Proxy to the app `Router#route()`
250 * Returns a new `Route` instance for the _path_.
252 * Routes are isolated middleware stacks for specific paths.
253 * See the Route api docs for details.
258 app.route = function route(path) {
259 return this.router.route(path);
263 * Register the given template engine callback `fn`
266 * By default will `require()` the engine based on the
267 * file extension. For example if you try to render
268 * a "foo.ejs" file Express will invoke the following internally:
270 * app.engine('ejs', require('ejs').__express);
272 * For engines that do not provide `.__express` out of the box,
273 * or if you wish to "map" a different extension to the template engine
274 * you may use this method. For example mapping the EJS template engine to
277 * app.engine('html', require('ejs').renderFile);
279 * In this case EJS provides a `.renderFile()` method with
280 * the same signature that Express expects: `(path, options, callback)`,
281 * though note that it aliases this method as `ejs.__express` internally
282 * so if you're using ".ejs" extensions you don't need to do anything.
284 * Some template engines do not follow this convention, the
285 * [Consolidate.js](https://github.com/tj/consolidate.js)
286 * library was created to map all of node's popular template
287 * engines to follow this convention, thus allowing them to
288 * work seamlessly within Express.
290 * @param {String} ext
291 * @param {Function} fn
292 * @return {app} for chaining
296 app.engine = function engine(ext, fn) {
297 if (typeof fn !== 'function') {
298 throw new Error('callback function required');
301 // get file extension
302 var extension = ext[0] !== '.'
307 this.engines[extension] = fn;
313 * Proxy to `Router#param()` with one added api feature. The _name_ parameter
314 * can be an array of names.
316 * See the Router#param() docs for more details.
318 * @param {String|Array} name
319 * @param {Function} fn
320 * @return {app} for chaining
324 app.param = function param(name, fn) {
325 if (Array.isArray(name)) {
326 for (var i = 0; i < name.length; i++) {
327 this.param(name[i], fn);
333 this.router.param(name, fn);
339 * Assign `setting` to `val`, or return `setting`'s value.
341 * app.set('foo', 'bar');
345 * Mounted servers inherit their parent server's settings.
347 * @param {String} setting
349 * @return {Server} for chaining
353 app.set = function set(setting, val) {
354 if (arguments.length === 1) {
356 return this.settings[setting];
359 debug('set "%s" to %o', setting, val);
362 this.settings[setting] = val;
364 // trigger matched settings
367 this.set('etag fn', compileETag(val));
370 this.set('query parser fn', compileQueryParser(val));
373 this.set('trust proxy fn', compileTrust(val));
375 // trust proxy inherit back-compat
376 Object.defineProperty(this.settings, trustProxyDefaultSymbol, {
388 * Return the app's absolute pathname
389 * based on the parent(s) that have
392 * For example if the application was
393 * mounted as "/admin", which itself
394 * was mounted as "/blog" then the
395 * return value would be "/blog/admin".
401 app.path = function path() {
403 ? this.parent.path() + this.mountpath
408 * Check if `setting` is enabled (truthy).
417 * @param {String} setting
422 app.enabled = function enabled(setting) {
423 return Boolean(this.set(setting));
427 * Check if `setting` is disabled.
429 * app.disabled('foo')
433 * app.disabled('foo')
436 * @param {String} setting
441 app.disabled = function disabled(setting) {
442 return !this.set(setting);
448 * @param {String} setting
449 * @return {app} for chaining
453 app.enable = function enable(setting) {
454 return this.set(setting, true);
460 * @param {String} setting
461 * @return {app} for chaining
465 app.disable = function disable(setting) {
466 return this.set(setting, false);
470 * Delegate `.VERB(...)` calls to `router.VERB(...)`.
473 methods.forEach(function(method){
474 app[method] = function(path){
475 if (method === 'get' && arguments.length === 1) {
477 return this.set(path);
480 var route = this.route(path);
481 route[method].apply(route, slice.call(arguments, 1));
487 * Special-cased "all" method, applying the given route `path`,
488 * middleware, and callback to _every_ HTTP method.
490 * @param {String} path
491 * @param {Function} ...
492 * @return {app} for chaining
496 app.all = function all(path) {
497 var route = this.route(path);
498 var args = slice.call(arguments, 1);
500 for (var i = 0; i < methods.length; i++) {
501 route[methods[i]].apply(route, args);
508 * Render the given view `name` name with `options`
509 * and a callback accepting an error and the
510 * rendered template string.
514 * app.render('email', { name: 'Tobi' }, function(err, html){
518 * @param {String} name
519 * @param {Object|Function} options or fn
520 * @param {Function} callback
524 app.render = function render(name, options, callback) {
525 var cache = this.cache;
527 var engines = this.engines;
529 var renderOptions = {};
532 // support callback function as second arg
533 if (typeof options === 'function') {
539 merge(renderOptions, this.locals);
541 // merge options._locals
543 merge(renderOptions, opts._locals);
547 merge(renderOptions, opts);
549 // set .cache unless explicitly provided
550 if (renderOptions.cache == null) {
551 renderOptions.cache = this.enabled('view cache');
555 if (renderOptions.cache) {
561 var View = this.get('view');
563 view = new View(name, {
564 defaultEngine: this.get('view engine'),
565 root: this.get('views'),
570 var dirs = Array.isArray(view.root) && view.root.length > 1
571 ? 'directories "' + view.root.slice(0, -1).join('", "') + '" or "' + view.root[view.root.length - 1] + '"'
572 : 'directory "' + view.root + '"'
573 var err = new Error('Failed to lookup view "' + name + '" in views ' + dirs);
579 if (renderOptions.cache) {
585 tryRender(view, renderOptions, done);
589 * Listen for connections.
591 * A node `http.Server` is returned, with this
592 * application (which is a `Function`) as its
593 * callback. If you wish to create both an HTTP
594 * and HTTPS server you may do so with the "http"
595 * and "https" modules as shown here:
597 * var http = require('http')
598 * , https = require('https')
599 * , express = require('express')
602 * http.createServer(app).listen(80);
603 * https.createServer({ ... }, app).listen(443);
605 * @return {http.Server}
609 app.listen = function listen () {
610 var server = http.createServer(this)
611 var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments)
612 if (typeof args[args.length - 1] === 'function') {
613 var done = args[args.length - 1] = once(args[args.length - 1])
614 server.once('error', done)
616 return server.listen.apply(server, args)
620 * Log error using console.error.
626 function logerror(err) {
627 /* istanbul ignore next */
628 if (this.get('env') !== 'test') console.error(err.stack || err.toString());
632 * Try rendering a view.
636 function tryRender(view, options, callback) {
638 view.render(options, callback);