1 ==========================
2 Serializing Django objects
3 ==========================
7 This API is currently under heavy development and may change --
8 perhaps drastically -- in the future.
12 Django's serialization framework provides a mechanism for "translating" Django
13 objects into other formats. Usually these other formats will be text-based and
14 used for sending Django objects over a wire, but it's possible for a
15 serializer to handle any format (text-based or not).
20 At the highest level, serializing data is a very simple operation::
22 from django.core import serializers
23 data = serializers.serialize("xml", SomeModel.objects.all())
25 The arguments to the ``serialize`` function are the format to serialize the
26 data to (see `Serialization formats`_) and a QuerySet_ to serialize.
27 (Actually, the second argument can be any iterator that yields Django objects,
28 but it'll almost always be a QuerySet).
30 .. _QuerySet: ../db-api/#retrieving-objects
32 You can also use a serializer object directly::
34 XMLSerializer = serializers.get_serializer("xml")
35 xml_serializer = XMLSerializer()
36 xml_serializer.serialize(queryset)
37 data = xml_serializer.getvalue()
39 This is useful if you want to serialize data directly to a file-like object
40 (which includes a HTTPResponse_)::
42 out = open("file.xml", "w")
43 xml_serializer.serialize(SomeModel.objects.all(), stream=out)
45 .. _HTTPResponse: ../request_response/#httpresponse-objects
50 If you only want a subset of fields to be serialized, you can
51 specify a ``fields`` argument to the serializer::
53 from django.core import serializers
54 data = serializers.serialize('xml', SomeModel.objects.all(), fields=('name','size'))
56 In this example, only the ``name`` and ``size`` attributes of each model will
61 Depending on your model, you may find that it is not possible to deserialize
62 a model that only serializes a subset of its fields. If a serialized object
63 doesn't specify all the fields that are required by a model, the deserializer
64 will not be able to save deserialized instances.
69 Deserializing data is also a fairly simple operation::
71 for obj in serializers.deserialize("xml", data):
72 do_something_with(obj)
74 As you can see, the ``deserialize`` function takes the same format argument as
75 ``serialize``, a string or stream of data, and returns an iterator.
77 However, here it gets slightly complicated. The objects returned by the
78 ``deserialize`` iterator *aren't* simple Django objects. Instead, they are
79 special ``DeserializedObject`` instances that wrap a created -- but unsaved --
80 object and any associated relationship data.
82 Calling ``DeserializedObject.save()`` saves the object to the database.
84 This ensures that deserializing is a non-destructive operation even if the
85 data in your serialized representation doesn't match what's currently in the
86 database. Usually, working with these ``DeserializedObject`` instances looks
89 for deserialized_object in serializers.deserialize("xml", data):
90 if object_should_be_saved(deserialized_object):
91 deserialized_object.save()
93 In other words, the usual use is to examine the deserialized objects to make
94 sure that they are "appropriate" for saving before doing so. Of course, if you trust your data source you could just save the object and move on.
96 The Django object itself can be inspected as ``deserialized_object.object``.
101 Django "ships" with a few included serializers:
103 ========== ==============================================================
104 Identifier Information
105 ========== ==============================================================
106 ``xml`` Serializes to and from a simple XML dialect.
108 ``json`` Serializes to and from JSON_ (using a version of simplejson_
109 bundled with Django).
111 ``python`` Translates to and from "simple" Python objects (lists, dicts,
112 strings, etc.). Not really all that useful on its own, but
113 used as a base for other serializers.
115 ``yaml`` Serializes to YAML (Yet Another Markup Lanuage). This
116 serializer is only available if PyYAML_ is installed.
117 ========== ==============================================================
119 .. _json: http://json.org/
120 .. _simplejson: http://undefined.org/python/#simplejson
121 .. _PyYAML: http://www.pyyaml.org/
123 Notes for specific serialization formats
124 ----------------------------------------
129 If you're using UTF-8 (or any other non-ASCII encoding) data with the JSON
130 serializer, you must pass ``ensure_ascii=False`` as a parameter to the
131 ``serialize()`` call. Otherwise, the output won't be encoded correctly.
135 json_serializer = serializers.get_serializer("json")()
136 json_serializer.serialize(queryset, ensure_ascii=False, stream=response)
138 The Django source code includes the simplejson_ module. Be aware that if
139 you're serializing using that module directly, not all Django output can be
140 passed unmodified to simplejson. In particular, `lazy translation objects`_
141 need a `special encoder`_ written for them. Something like this will work::
143 from django.utils.functional import Promise
144 from django.utils.encoding import force_unicode
146 class LazyEncoder(simplejson.JSONEncoder):
147 def default(self, obj):
148 if isinstance(obj, Promise):
149 return force_unicode(obj)
152 .. _lazy translation objects: ../i18n/#lazy-translation
153 .. _special encoder: http://svn.red-bean.com/bob/simplejson/tags/simplejson-1.7/docs/index.html