Pin versions of django apps and twisted

[ganeti_webmgr.git] / README.rst

==================
Ganeti Web Manager
==================

Ganeti Web Manager is a Django-based web application that allows administrators
and clients access to their ganeti clusters.

Ganeti compatibility:
    :>=2.4.x: supported
    :2.2.2: mostly supported
    :2.3.1: mostly supported
    :2.1.x: mostly supported
    :2.0.x: unsupported but may work
    :1.x:   unsupported

Browser compatibility:
    * Mozilla Firefox >= 3.x
    * Chrome / Chromium

The VNC console requires WebSockets or flash support and HTML5 support in the
browser.

:Project page: http://code.osuosl.org/projects/ganeti-webmgr
:Mailing List: http://groups.google.com/group/ganeti-webmgr
:IRC:          #ganeti-webmgr on freenode.net
:Twitter:      http://twitter.com/ganetiwebmgr


============
Installation
============

*Note*: Installing from the tarball is the preferred method. After installing
the dependencies, please download the tarball instead of cloning the repository.

Overview:

1. Install dependencies: Python, Pip, Fabric, VirtualEnv
2. Get the Ganeti Web Manager code: Clone from the repository or
   download a release tarball
3. Deploy fabric environment: fab dev deploy or fab deploy
4. Configure Settings: Copy settings.py.dist to settings.py and make
   any modifications
5. Sync database, then run the server: ./manage.py syncdb --migrate,
   then ./manage.py runserver

This section explains how to automatically install Ganeti Web Manager
using Fabric_. Fabric simplifies the installation process by
automatically installing dependencies into a virtual environment.

Related Topics:

* Read more about why Fabric is strongly recommended [1]_
* Troubleshoot an installation using Fabric [2]_
* Manual installation [3]_

.. [1] https://code.osuosl.org/projects/ganeti-webmgr/wiki/Fabric_is_strongly_recommended
.. [2] https://code.osuosl.org/projects/ganeti-webmgr/wiki/Fabric-troubleshooting
.. [3] https://code.osuosl.org/projects/ganeti-webmgr/wiki/Manual-installation


Compatibility
-------------

Ganeti Web Manager is compatible with the following:

Ganeti_
     Ganeti >= v2.2.x is supported. v2.1.x and v2.0.x are unsupported
     and sometimes work but can cause problems (see #8973). Lower
     versions are **not** supported.

Browsers:
    `Mozilla Firefox`_ >= v3.x
    `Google Chrome`_ or Chromium_

    Other contemporary browsers may also work, but are not supported.
    The web-based VNC console requires browser support of WebSockets_
    and HTML5_.

Databases:
    MySQL or SQLite. SQLite is not recommended in production
    environments.

Operating Systems:
    GWM has been tested on Debian 7, Ubuntu 11.10, 12.04 and CentOs 5
    and 6.  Debian 6 is supported, provided the Pip, Virtualenv and
    Fabric packages are updated to the versions listed below.

.. _Ganeti: http://code.google.com/p/ganeti/
.. _Mozilla Firefox: http://mozilla.com/firefox
.. _Google Chrome: http://www.google.com/chrome/
.. _Chromium: http://code.google.com/chromium/
.. _WebSockets: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebSockets
.. _HTML5: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Html5


Dependencies
------------

:Python: >=2.5, python >=2.6 recommended
:Pip_: >= 0.8.2
:Fabric_: >=1.0.1
:VirtualEnv_: >= 1.6.1

Pip is required for installing Fabric and a useful tool to install Virtualenv

* install pip::

  $ sudo apt-get install python-pip

* devel libraries may be needed for some pip installs::

  $ sudo apt-get install python-dev

* install fabric and virtualenv::

  $ sudo apt-get install python-virtualenv
  $ sudo apt-get install fabric

.. note:: the use of pip to install system packages is not recommended,
          please use your system's package manager to install Virtualenv
          and Fabric.

.. _Pip: http://www.pip-installer.org/en/latest/index.html
.. _Fabric: http://docs.fabfile.org/en/1.0.1/index.html
.. _Virtualenv: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/virtualenv


Install with Fabric
-------------------

Either download and unpack the `latest release`_, or check it out from
the repository::

  $ git clone git://git.osuosl.org/gitolite/ganeti/ganeti_webmgr

Switch to project directory
(Fabric commands only work from a directory containing a fabfile)::

  $ cd ganeti_webmgr/

Run Fabric to automatically create python virtual environment with
required dependencies. Choose either production or development
environment

* production environment::

  $ fab deploy

* development environment::

  $ fab dev deploy

* activate virtual environment::

  $ source venv/bin/activate


.. _latest release: http://code.osuosl.org/projects/ganeti-webmgr/files


Configuration
-------------

In the project root, you'll find a default settings file called
settings.py.dist

Copy it to settings.py::

    $ cp settings.py.dist settings.py

If you want to use another database engine besides the default SQLite
(not recommended for production), edit settings.py, and edit the
following lines to reflect your wishes (*note that postgresql is not
supported at this time and the install will fail*, see issue #3237)::

    DATABASE_ENGINE = ''   # <-- Change this to 'mysql', 'postgresql',
                                  'postgresql_psycopg2' or 'sqlite3'
    DATABASE_NAME = ''     # <-- Change this to a database name, or a file for
                                  SQLite
    DATABASE_USER = ''     # <-- Change this (not needed for SQLite)
    DATABASE_PASSWORD = '' # <-- Change this (not needed for SQLite)
    DATABASE_HOST = ''     # <-- Change this (not needed if database is localhost)
    DATABASE_PORT = ''     # <-- Change this (not needed if database is localhost)


Initialize Database::

    $ ./manage.py syncdb --migrate

Build the search indexes::

    $ ./manage.py rebuild_index

    .. note: Running `./manage.py update_index` on a regular basis ensures
             that the search indexes stay up-to-date when models change
             in Ganeti Web Manager.

Everything should be all set up! Run the development server with::

    $ ./manage.py runserver


Additional configuration for production servers
-----------------------------------------------

Deploying a production server requires additional setup steps.

1. Change the ownership of the *whoosh_index* directory to apache::

    $ chown apache:apache whoosh_index/

2. Change your *SECRET_KEY* and *WEB_MGR_API_KEY* to unique (and
   hopefully unguessable) strings in your settings.py.

3. Configure the `Django Cache Framework`_ to use a production
   capable backend in *settings.py*.  By default Ganeti Web Manager is
   configured to use the *LocMemCache* but it is not recommended for
   production.  Use Memcached or a similar backend.::

     CACHES = {
         'default': {
             'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.locmem.LocMemCache',
         }
     }



4. For versions >= 0.5 you may need to add the full filesystem path
   to your templates directory to TEMPLATE_DIRS and remove the relative
   reference to 'templates'. We've had issues using wsgi not working
   correctly unless this change has been made.

5. Ensure the server has the ability to send emails or you have
   access to an SMTP server. Set EMAIL_HOST, EMAIL_PORT, and
   DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL in settings.py. For more complicated outgoing
   mail setups, please refer to the django email documentation
   (http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.2/topics/email/)

6. Follow the django guide to deploy with apache.
   (http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/howto/deployment/modwsgi/)

   Here is an example mod_wsgi file::

       import os
       import sys

       path = '/var/lib/django/ganeti_webmgr'

       # activate virtualenv
       activate_this = '%s/venv/bin/activate_this.py' % path
       execfile(activate_this, dict(__file__=activate_this))

       # add project to path
       if path not in sys.path:
           sys.path.append(path)

       # configure django environment
       os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'settings'

       import django.core.handlers.wsgi
       application = django.core.handlers.wsgi.WSGIHandler()

7. Set VNC_PROXY to the hostname of your VNC AuthProxy server in
   settings.py.  The VNC AuthProxy does not need to run on the same
   server as Ganeti Web Manager::

     VNC_PROXY = 'my.server.org:8888'

Also see: http://code.osuosl.org/projects/ganeti-webmgr/wiki/Install

.. _Django Cache Framework: http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/cache/


===============================
Ganeti RAPI users and passwords
===============================

Before you can start using Ganeti Web Manager, you will need to create a
user and password on the Ganeti cluster.

Here is an example with user "jack" and password "abc123"::

    $ echo -n 'jack:Ganeti Remote API:abc123' | openssl md5

Add the hash to the RAPI users file and restart ganeti-rapi. Depending
on the version of Ganeti you are running, you will need to either use
`/var/lib/ganeti/rapi_users` (Ganeti <=2.3.x ) or
`/var/lib/ganeti/rapi/users` (Ganeti >=2.4.x ).

An example hash entry might look like the following::

    # Hashed password for jack
    jack {HA1}54c12257ee9be413f2f3182435514aae write

Also see: http://code.osuosl.org/projects/ganeti-webmgr/wiki/Managing_Clusters#Ganeti-RAPI-users-and-passwords


===================
Importing a Cluster
===================

1. Use the admin user created during syncdb to log in.
2. Import a cluster:  Clusters -> Add Cluster
3. Fill out properties and click save

When the cluster is created it will automatically synchronize the list
of Virtual Machines with information from the Ganeti cluster.

Also see: http://code.osuosl.org/projects/ganeti-webmgr/wiki/Importing_a_Cluster


==============================
Users, Groups, and Permissions
==============================

Permissions may be granted to both clusters and virtual machines. The
permissions system is intended to allow users to manage themselves. Any
object that can have its permissions edited will have a Users tab.

Adding users to objects:
  1. Navigate to Group, Cluster, or Virtual Machine detail page
  2. Click Add New User
  3. Select user or group
  4. Select permissions
  5. Save

Updating permissions:
  1. Navigate to Group, Cluster, or Virtual Machine detail page
  2. Click Users tab
  3. Click permissions column
  4. Select permissions and save

Deleting permissions:
  1. Navigate to Group, Cluster, or Virtual Machine detail page
  2. Click Users tab
  3. Click the delete icon

Deleting a user will remove all permissions, and other properties
associated with the user such as cluster quotas.

Users may belong to any number of user groups.  User groups can be
assigned permissions and quotas just like users.  Users inherit
permissions from groups and may act on their behalf to create virtual
machines.

Also see: http://code.osuosl.org/projects/ganeti-webmgr/wiki/Permissions


================
Assigning Quotas
================

Quotas restrict the usage of cluster resources by users and groups.
Default quotas can be set by editing clusters, if no quota is set
unlimited access is allowed. This will affect all users and groups.

The default quota can be overridden on the cluster users page:

1. Clusters -> Cluster -> Users
2. Click on the quota
3. Edit values

Leaving a value empty specifies unlimited access for that resource.

Also see: http://code.osuosl.org/projects/ganeti-webmgr/wiki/Permissions#Quotas


=========================
Orphaned Virtual Machines
=========================

You can find Virtual Machines with no permissions via Admin -> Orphaned VMs.
This will force a synchronization of all clusters and display Virtual Machines
that do not have any permissions assigned.

You only need to grant permissions directly on virtual machines if you are
granting access to non-admin users.

Also see: http://code.osuosl.org/projects/ganeti-webmgr/wiki/Managing_Clusters#Orphaned-Virtual-Machines


============
Cache System
============

Ganeti Web Manager uses a cache system that stores information about Ganeti
clusters in the database. This allows the following::

      ---  Ganeti  ---
     /                \
    /                  \
 Cluster ->       <-   Bulk
  Model  <- cache <-  Updater


* Permissions are stored in the database and are associated to the cached
  objects
* The cached data can be searched and or filtered
* Limits the amount of traffic between the web server and Ganeti cluster.

The cache system is transparent and will load cached data automatically when
the object is initialized.

Also see: http://code.osuosl.org/projects/ganeti-webmgr/wiki/Cache_System

===
VNC
===

Ganeti Web Manager provides an in browser console using noVNC_, an HTML5
client.  noVNC requires WebSockets to function. Support for older browsers is
provided through a flash applet that is used transparently in the absence of
WebSockets.

.. _noVNC: https://github.com/kanaka/noVNC

Also see: http://code.osuosl.org/projects/ganeti-webmgr/wiki/VNC

=============
VNC AuthProxy
=============

VNC Auth proxy [#]_ is required for the console tab to function. VNC
servers do not speak websockets and our proxy allows your ganeti cluster
to sit behind a firewall, VPN, or NAT.

.. [#] http://code.osuosl.org/projects/twisted-vncauthproxy

Enabling in settings.py
-----------------------

Set the host and port that the proxy will be running at with the
VNC_PROXY setting. For development this is typically "localhost:8888"
but for production you would use the name of the server its running on.
See the instructions in settings.py for more details.

Starting the Daemon
-------------------

Twisted VNC Authproxy is started with twistd, the twisted daemon.
Eventually we will include init.d scripts for better managing the
daemon. You may want to open port 8888 in your firewall for production
systems::

    $ twistd --pidfile=/tmp/proxy.pid -n vncap

Starting Flash Policy Server
----------------------------

Browsers that do not support WebSockets natively are supported through
the use of a flash applet. Flash applets that make use of sockets must
retrieve a policy file from the server they are connecting to. Twisted
VNCAuthProxy includes a policy server. It must be run separately since
it requires a root port. You may want to open port 843 in your firewall
for production systems.

Start the policy server with twistd::

    $ sudo twistd --pidfile=/tmp/policy.pid -n flashpolicy


Possible issues
---------------
You may encounter an issue where twisted fails to start and gives you an
error.  This is usually caused by the environment variable PYTHONPATH
not being exported correctly if you sudo up to root. To fix it type::

    $ export PYTHONPATH="."

Try executing twisted again and it should work.

Also see: http://code.osuosl.org/projects/ganeti-webmgr/wiki/VNC#VNC-Authproxy

========
SSH Keys
========

Ganeti Web Manager allows users to store SSH Keys. Each virtual machine
has a view that will return SSH keys for users with access. This can be
used as a Ganeti post-install hook to deploy user's keys on the VMs.

To allow VMs to copy keys, copy util/hooks/sshkeys.sh to the instance
definition hooks directory on every node in the cluster and make the
file executable. Next, add the required variables to the variant config
file or main instance definition config file. The config file can be
found in util/hooks/sshkeys.conf and includes documentation for each
variable.

Also see: http://code.osuosl.org/projects/ganeti-webmgr/wiki/PermissionsSSHKeys