6 git-pack-refs - Pack heads and tags for efficient repository access
11 'git pack-refs' [--all] [--no-prune] [--auto] [--include <pattern>] [--exclude <pattern>]
16 Traditionally, tips of branches and tags (collectively known as
17 'refs') were stored one file per ref in a (sub)directory
19 directory. While many branch tips tend to be updated often,
20 most tags and some branch tips are never updated. When a
21 repository has hundreds or thousands of tags, this
22 one-file-per-ref format both wastes storage and hurts
25 This command is used to solve the storage and performance
26 problem by storing the refs in a single file,
27 `$GIT_DIR/packed-refs`. When a ref is missing from the
28 traditional `$GIT_DIR/refs` directory hierarchy, it is looked
30 file and used if found.
32 Subsequent updates to branches always create new files under
33 `$GIT_DIR/refs` directory hierarchy.
35 A recommended practice to deal with a repository with too many
36 refs is to pack its refs with `--all` once, and
37 occasionally run `git pack-refs`. Tags are by
38 definition stationary and are not expected to change. Branch
39 heads will be packed with the initial `pack-refs --all`, but
40 only the currently active branch heads will become unpacked,
41 and the next `pack-refs` (without `--all`) will leave them
50 The command by default packs all tags and refs that are already
51 packed, and leaves other refs
52 alone. This is because branches are expected to be actively
53 developed and packing their tips does not help performance.
54 This option causes all refs to be packed as well, with the exception
55 of hidden refs, broken refs, and symbolic refs. Useful for a repository
56 with many branches of historical interests.
60 The command usually removes loose refs under `$GIT_DIR/refs`
61 hierarchy after packing them. This option tells it not to.
65 Pack refs as needed depending on the current state of the ref database. The
66 behavior depends on the ref format used by the repository and may change in the
69 - "files": No special handling for `--auto` has been implemented.
71 - "reftable": Tables are compacted such that they form a geometric
72 sequence. For two tables N and N+1, where N+1 is newer, this
73 maintains the property that N is at least twice as big as N+1. Only
74 tables that violate this property are compacted.
78 Pack refs based on a `glob(7)` pattern. Repetitions of this option
79 accumulate inclusion patterns. If a ref is both included in `--include` and
80 `--exclude`, `--exclude` takes precedence. Using `--include` will preclude all
81 tags from being included by default. Symbolic refs and broken refs will never
82 be packed. When used with `--all`, it will be a noop. Use `--no-include` to clear
83 and reset the list of patterns.
87 Do not pack refs matching the given `glob(7)` pattern. Repetitions of this option
88 accumulate exclusion patterns. Use `--no-exclude` to clear and reset the list of
89 patterns. If a ref is already packed, including it with `--exclude` will not
92 When used with `--all`, pack only loose refs which do not match any of
93 the provided `--exclude` patterns.
95 When used with `--include`, refs provided to `--include`, minus refs that are
96 provided to `--exclude` will be packed.
102 Older documentation written before the packed-refs mechanism was
103 introduced may still say things like ".git/refs/heads/<branch> file
104 exists" when it means "branch <branch> exists".
109 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite