2 * linux/arch/arm/mm/init.c
4 * Copyright (C) 1995-2005 Russell King
6 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
7 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
8 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
10 #include <linux/kernel.h>
11 #include <linux/errno.h>
12 #include <linux/swap.h>
13 #include <linux/init.h>
14 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
15 #include <linux/mman.h>
16 #include <linux/export.h>
17 #include <linux/nodemask.h>
18 #include <linux/initrd.h>
19 #include <linux/of_fdt.h>
20 #include <linux/highmem.h>
21 #include <linux/gfp.h>
22 #include <linux/memblock.h>
23 #include <linux/sort.h>
25 #include <asm/mach-types.h>
27 #include <asm/sections.h>
28 #include <asm/setup.h>
29 #include <asm/sizes.h>
31 #include <asm/fixmap.h>
33 #include <asm/mach/arch.h>
34 #include <asm/mach/map.h>
38 static unsigned long phys_initrd_start __initdata
= 0;
39 static unsigned long phys_initrd_size __initdata
= 0;
41 static int __init
early_initrd(char *p
)
43 unsigned long start
, size
;
46 start
= memparse(p
, &endp
);
48 size
= memparse(endp
+ 1, NULL
);
50 phys_initrd_start
= start
;
51 phys_initrd_size
= size
;
55 early_param("initrd", early_initrd
);
57 static int __init
parse_tag_initrd(const struct tag
*tag
)
59 printk(KERN_WARNING
"ATAG_INITRD is deprecated; "
60 "please update your bootloader.\n");
61 phys_initrd_start
= __virt_to_phys(tag
->u
.initrd
.start
);
62 phys_initrd_size
= tag
->u
.initrd
.size
;
66 __tagtable(ATAG_INITRD
, parse_tag_initrd
);
68 static int __init
parse_tag_initrd2(const struct tag
*tag
)
70 phys_initrd_start
= tag
->u
.initrd
.start
;
71 phys_initrd_size
= tag
->u
.initrd
.size
;
75 __tagtable(ATAG_INITRD2
, parse_tag_initrd2
);
77 #ifdef CONFIG_OF_FLATTREE
78 void __init
early_init_dt_setup_initrd_arch(unsigned long start
, unsigned long end
)
80 phys_initrd_start
= start
;
81 phys_initrd_size
= end
- start
;
83 #endif /* CONFIG_OF_FLATTREE */
86 * This keeps memory configuration data used by a couple memory
87 * initialization functions, as well as show_mem() for the skipping
88 * of holes in the memory map. It is populated by arm_add_memory().
90 struct meminfo meminfo
;
92 void show_mem(unsigned int filter
)
94 int free
= 0, total
= 0, reserved
= 0;
95 int shared
= 0, cached
= 0, slab
= 0, i
;
96 struct meminfo
* mi
= &meminfo
;
98 printk("Mem-info:\n");
99 show_free_areas(filter
);
101 for_each_bank (i
, mi
) {
102 struct membank
*bank
= &mi
->bank
[i
];
103 unsigned int pfn1
, pfn2
;
104 struct page
*page
, *end
;
106 pfn1
= bank_pfn_start(bank
);
107 pfn2
= bank_pfn_end(bank
);
109 page
= pfn_to_page(pfn1
);
110 end
= pfn_to_page(pfn2
- 1) + 1;
114 if (PageReserved(page
))
116 else if (PageSwapCache(page
))
118 else if (PageSlab(page
))
120 else if (!page_count(page
))
123 shared
+= page_count(page
) - 1;
125 } while (page
< end
);
128 printk("%d pages of RAM\n", total
);
129 printk("%d free pages\n", free
);
130 printk("%d reserved pages\n", reserved
);
131 printk("%d slab pages\n", slab
);
132 printk("%d pages shared\n", shared
);
133 printk("%d pages swap cached\n", cached
);
136 static void __init
find_limits(unsigned long *min
, unsigned long *max_low
,
137 unsigned long *max_high
)
139 struct meminfo
*mi
= &meminfo
;
143 *max_low
= *max_high
= 0;
145 for_each_bank (i
, mi
) {
146 struct membank
*bank
= &mi
->bank
[i
];
147 unsigned long start
, end
;
149 start
= bank_pfn_start(bank
);
150 end
= bank_pfn_end(bank
);
163 static void __init
arm_bootmem_init(unsigned long start_pfn
,
164 unsigned long end_pfn
)
166 struct memblock_region
*reg
;
167 unsigned int boot_pages
;
172 * Allocate the bootmem bitmap page. This must be in a region
173 * of memory which has already been mapped.
175 boot_pages
= bootmem_bootmap_pages(end_pfn
- start_pfn
);
176 bitmap
= memblock_alloc_base(boot_pages
<< PAGE_SHIFT
, L1_CACHE_BYTES
,
177 __pfn_to_phys(end_pfn
));
180 * Initialise the bootmem allocator, handing the
181 * memory banks over to bootmem.
184 pgdat
= NODE_DATA(0);
185 init_bootmem_node(pgdat
, __phys_to_pfn(bitmap
), start_pfn
, end_pfn
);
187 /* Free the lowmem regions from memblock into bootmem. */
188 for_each_memblock(memory
, reg
) {
189 unsigned long start
= memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg
);
190 unsigned long end
= memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg
);
197 free_bootmem(__pfn_to_phys(start
), (end
- start
) << PAGE_SHIFT
);
200 /* Reserve the lowmem memblock reserved regions in bootmem. */
201 for_each_memblock(reserved
, reg
) {
202 unsigned long start
= memblock_region_reserved_base_pfn(reg
);
203 unsigned long end
= memblock_region_reserved_end_pfn(reg
);
210 reserve_bootmem(__pfn_to_phys(start
),
211 (end
- start
) << PAGE_SHIFT
, BOOTMEM_DEFAULT
);
215 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
217 unsigned long arm_dma_zone_size __read_mostly
;
218 EXPORT_SYMBOL(arm_dma_zone_size
);
221 * The DMA mask corresponding to the maximum bus address allocatable
222 * using GFP_DMA. The default here places no restriction on DMA
223 * allocations. This must be the smallest DMA mask in the system,
224 * so a successful GFP_DMA allocation will always satisfy this.
228 static void __init
arm_adjust_dma_zone(unsigned long *size
, unsigned long *hole
,
229 unsigned long dma_size
)
231 if (size
[0] <= dma_size
)
234 size
[ZONE_NORMAL
] = size
[0] - dma_size
;
235 size
[ZONE_DMA
] = dma_size
;
236 hole
[ZONE_NORMAL
] = hole
[0];
241 static void __init
arm_bootmem_free(unsigned long min
, unsigned long max_low
,
242 unsigned long max_high
)
244 unsigned long zone_size
[MAX_NR_ZONES
], zhole_size
[MAX_NR_ZONES
];
245 struct memblock_region
*reg
;
248 * initialise the zones.
250 memset(zone_size
, 0, sizeof(zone_size
));
253 * The memory size has already been determined. If we need
254 * to do anything fancy with the allocation of this memory
255 * to the zones, now is the time to do it.
257 zone_size
[0] = max_low
- min
;
258 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
259 zone_size
[ZONE_HIGHMEM
] = max_high
- max_low
;
263 * Calculate the size of the holes.
264 * holes = node_size - sum(bank_sizes)
266 memcpy(zhole_size
, zone_size
, sizeof(zhole_size
));
267 for_each_memblock(memory
, reg
) {
268 unsigned long start
= memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg
);
269 unsigned long end
= memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg
);
271 if (start
< max_low
) {
272 unsigned long low_end
= min(end
, max_low
);
273 zhole_size
[0] -= low_end
- start
;
275 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
277 unsigned long high_start
= max(start
, max_low
);
278 zhole_size
[ZONE_HIGHMEM
] -= end
- high_start
;
283 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
285 * Adjust the sizes according to any special requirements for
288 if (arm_dma_zone_size
) {
289 arm_adjust_dma_zone(zone_size
, zhole_size
,
290 arm_dma_zone_size
>> PAGE_SHIFT
);
291 arm_dma_limit
= PHYS_OFFSET
+ arm_dma_zone_size
- 1;
293 arm_dma_limit
= 0xffffffff;
296 free_area_init_node(0, zone_size
, min
, zhole_size
);
299 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_PFN_VALID
300 int pfn_valid(unsigned long pfn
)
302 return memblock_is_memory(pfn
<< PAGE_SHIFT
);
304 EXPORT_SYMBOL(pfn_valid
);
307 #ifndef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
308 static void arm_memory_present(void)
312 static void arm_memory_present(void)
314 struct memblock_region
*reg
;
316 for_each_memblock(memory
, reg
)
317 memory_present(0, memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg
),
318 memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg
));
322 static int __init
meminfo_cmp(const void *_a
, const void *_b
)
324 const struct membank
*a
= _a
, *b
= _b
;
325 long cmp
= bank_pfn_start(a
) - bank_pfn_start(b
);
326 return cmp
< 0 ? -1 : cmp
> 0 ? 1 : 0;
329 void __init
arm_memblock_init(struct meminfo
*mi
, struct machine_desc
*mdesc
)
333 sort(&meminfo
.bank
, meminfo
.nr_banks
, sizeof(meminfo
.bank
[0]), meminfo_cmp
, NULL
);
336 for (i
= 0; i
< mi
->nr_banks
; i
++)
337 memblock_add(mi
->bank
[i
].start
, mi
->bank
[i
].size
);
339 /* Register the kernel text, kernel data and initrd with memblock. */
340 #ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
341 memblock_reserve(__pa(_sdata
), _end
- _sdata
);
343 memblock_reserve(__pa(_stext
), _end
- _stext
);
345 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
346 if (phys_initrd_size
&&
347 !memblock_is_region_memory(phys_initrd_start
, phys_initrd_size
)) {
348 pr_err("INITRD: 0x%08lx+0x%08lx is not a memory region - disabling initrd\n",
349 phys_initrd_start
, phys_initrd_size
);
350 phys_initrd_start
= phys_initrd_size
= 0;
352 if (phys_initrd_size
&&
353 memblock_is_region_reserved(phys_initrd_start
, phys_initrd_size
)) {
354 pr_err("INITRD: 0x%08lx+0x%08lx overlaps in-use memory region - disabling initrd\n",
355 phys_initrd_start
, phys_initrd_size
);
356 phys_initrd_start
= phys_initrd_size
= 0;
358 if (phys_initrd_size
) {
359 memblock_reserve(phys_initrd_start
, phys_initrd_size
);
361 /* Now convert initrd to virtual addresses */
362 initrd_start
= __phys_to_virt(phys_initrd_start
);
363 initrd_end
= initrd_start
+ phys_initrd_size
;
367 arm_mm_memblock_reserve();
368 arm_dt_memblock_reserve();
370 /* reserve any platform specific memblock areas */
378 void __init
bootmem_init(void)
380 unsigned long min
, max_low
, max_high
;
382 max_low
= max_high
= 0;
384 find_limits(&min
, &max_low
, &max_high
);
386 arm_bootmem_init(min
, max_low
);
389 * Sparsemem tries to allocate bootmem in memory_present(),
390 * so must be done after the fixed reservations
392 arm_memory_present();
395 * sparse_init() needs the bootmem allocator up and running.
400 * Now free the memory - free_area_init_node needs
401 * the sparse mem_map arrays initialized by sparse_init()
402 * for memmap_init_zone(), otherwise all PFNs are invalid.
404 arm_bootmem_free(min
, max_low
, max_high
);
406 high_memory
= __va(((phys_addr_t
)max_low
<< PAGE_SHIFT
) - 1) + 1;
409 * This doesn't seem to be used by the Linux memory manager any
410 * more, but is used by ll_rw_block. If we can get rid of it, we
411 * also get rid of some of the stuff above as well.
413 * Note: max_low_pfn and max_pfn reflect the number of _pages_ in
414 * the system, not the maximum PFN.
416 max_low_pfn
= max_low
- PHYS_PFN_OFFSET
;
417 max_pfn
= max_high
- PHYS_PFN_OFFSET
;
420 static inline int free_area(unsigned long pfn
, unsigned long end
, char *s
)
422 unsigned int pages
= 0, size
= (end
- pfn
) << (PAGE_SHIFT
- 10);
424 for (; pfn
< end
; pfn
++) {
425 struct page
*page
= pfn_to_page(pfn
);
426 ClearPageReserved(page
);
427 init_page_count(page
);
433 printk(KERN_INFO
"Freeing %s memory: %dK\n", s
, size
);
439 * Poison init memory with an undefined instruction (ARM) or a branch to an
440 * undefined instruction (Thumb).
442 static inline void poison_init_mem(void *s
, size_t count
)
445 for (; count
!= 0; count
-= 4)
450 free_memmap(unsigned long start_pfn
, unsigned long end_pfn
)
452 struct page
*start_pg
, *end_pg
;
453 unsigned long pg
, pgend
;
456 * Convert start_pfn/end_pfn to a struct page pointer.
458 start_pg
= pfn_to_page(start_pfn
- 1) + 1;
459 end_pg
= pfn_to_page(end_pfn
- 1) + 1;
462 * Convert to physical addresses, and
463 * round start upwards and end downwards.
465 pg
= (unsigned long)PAGE_ALIGN(__pa(start_pg
));
466 pgend
= (unsigned long)__pa(end_pg
) & PAGE_MASK
;
469 * If there are free pages between these,
470 * free the section of the memmap array.
473 free_bootmem(pg
, pgend
- pg
);
477 * The mem_map array can get very big. Free the unused area of the memory map.
479 static void __init
free_unused_memmap(struct meminfo
*mi
)
481 unsigned long bank_start
, prev_bank_end
= 0;
485 * This relies on each bank being in address order.
486 * The banks are sorted previously in bootmem_init().
488 for_each_bank(i
, mi
) {
489 struct membank
*bank
= &mi
->bank
[i
];
491 bank_start
= bank_pfn_start(bank
);
493 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
495 * Take care not to free memmap entries that don't exist
496 * due to SPARSEMEM sections which aren't present.
498 bank_start
= min(bank_start
,
499 ALIGN(prev_bank_end
, PAGES_PER_SECTION
));
502 * If we had a previous bank, and there is a space
503 * between the current bank and the previous, free it.
505 if (prev_bank_end
&& prev_bank_end
< bank_start
)
506 free_memmap(prev_bank_end
, bank_start
);
509 * Align up here since the VM subsystem insists that the
510 * memmap entries are valid from the bank end aligned to
511 * MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES.
513 prev_bank_end
= ALIGN(bank_pfn_end(bank
), MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES
);
516 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
517 if (!IS_ALIGNED(prev_bank_end
, PAGES_PER_SECTION
))
518 free_memmap(prev_bank_end
,
519 ALIGN(prev_bank_end
, PAGES_PER_SECTION
));
523 static void __init
free_highpages(void)
525 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
526 unsigned long max_low
= max_low_pfn
+ PHYS_PFN_OFFSET
;
527 struct memblock_region
*mem
, *res
;
529 /* set highmem page free */
530 for_each_memblock(memory
, mem
) {
531 unsigned long start
= memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(mem
);
532 unsigned long end
= memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(mem
);
534 /* Ignore complete lowmem entries */
538 /* Truncate partial highmem entries */
542 /* Find and exclude any reserved regions */
543 for_each_memblock(reserved
, res
) {
544 unsigned long res_start
, res_end
;
546 res_start
= memblock_region_reserved_base_pfn(res
);
547 res_end
= memblock_region_reserved_end_pfn(res
);
551 if (res_start
< start
)
557 if (res_start
!= start
)
558 totalhigh_pages
+= free_area(start
, res_start
,
565 /* And now free anything which remains */
567 totalhigh_pages
+= free_area(start
, end
, NULL
);
569 totalram_pages
+= totalhigh_pages
;
574 * mem_init() marks the free areas in the mem_map and tells us how much
575 * memory is free. This is done after various parts of the system have
576 * claimed their memory after the kernel image.
578 void __init
mem_init(void)
580 unsigned long reserved_pages
, free_pages
;
581 struct memblock_region
*reg
;
583 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
584 /* These pointers are filled in on TCM detection */
589 max_mapnr
= pfn_to_page(max_pfn
+ PHYS_PFN_OFFSET
) - mem_map
;
591 /* this will put all unused low memory onto the freelists */
592 free_unused_memmap(&meminfo
);
594 totalram_pages
+= free_all_bootmem();
597 /* now that our DMA memory is actually so designated, we can free it */
598 totalram_pages
+= free_area(PHYS_PFN_OFFSET
,
599 __phys_to_pfn(__pa(swapper_pg_dir
)), NULL
);
604 reserved_pages
= free_pages
= 0;
606 for_each_bank(i
, &meminfo
) {
607 struct membank
*bank
= &meminfo
.bank
[i
];
608 unsigned int pfn1
, pfn2
;
609 struct page
*page
, *end
;
611 pfn1
= bank_pfn_start(bank
);
612 pfn2
= bank_pfn_end(bank
);
614 page
= pfn_to_page(pfn1
);
615 end
= pfn_to_page(pfn2
- 1) + 1;
618 if (PageReserved(page
))
620 else if (!page_count(page
))
623 } while (page
< end
);
627 * Since our memory may not be contiguous, calculate the
628 * real number of pages we have in this system
630 printk(KERN_INFO
"Memory:");
632 for_each_memblock(memory
, reg
) {
633 unsigned long pages
= memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg
) -
634 memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg
);
635 num_physpages
+= pages
;
636 printk(" %ldMB", pages
>> (20 - PAGE_SHIFT
));
638 printk(" = %luMB total\n", num_physpages
>> (20 - PAGE_SHIFT
));
640 printk(KERN_NOTICE
"Memory: %luk/%luk available, %luk reserved, %luK highmem\n",
641 nr_free_pages() << (PAGE_SHIFT
-10),
642 free_pages
<< (PAGE_SHIFT
-10),
643 reserved_pages
<< (PAGE_SHIFT
-10),
644 totalhigh_pages
<< (PAGE_SHIFT
-10));
646 #define MLK(b, t) b, t, ((t) - (b)) >> 10
647 #define MLM(b, t) b, t, ((t) - (b)) >> 20
648 #define MLK_ROUNDUP(b, t) b, t, DIV_ROUND_UP(((t) - (b)), SZ_1K)
650 printk(KERN_NOTICE
"Virtual kernel memory layout:\n"
651 " vector : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
652 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
653 " DTCM : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
654 " ITCM : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
656 " fixmap : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
657 " vmalloc : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
658 " lowmem : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
659 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
660 " pkmap : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
662 " modules : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
663 " .text : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n"
664 " .init : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n"
665 " .data : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n"
666 " .bss : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n",
668 MLK(UL(CONFIG_VECTORS_BASE
), UL(CONFIG_VECTORS_BASE
) +
670 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
671 MLK(DTCM_OFFSET
, (unsigned long) dtcm_end
),
672 MLK(ITCM_OFFSET
, (unsigned long) itcm_end
),
674 MLK(FIXADDR_START
, FIXADDR_TOP
),
675 MLM(VMALLOC_START
, VMALLOC_END
),
676 MLM(PAGE_OFFSET
, (unsigned long)high_memory
),
677 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
678 MLM(PKMAP_BASE
, (PKMAP_BASE
) + (LAST_PKMAP
) *
681 MLM(MODULES_VADDR
, MODULES_END
),
683 MLK_ROUNDUP(_text
, _etext
),
684 MLK_ROUNDUP(__init_begin
, __init_end
),
685 MLK_ROUNDUP(_sdata
, _edata
),
686 MLK_ROUNDUP(__bss_start
, __bss_stop
));
693 * Check boundaries twice: Some fundamental inconsistencies can
694 * be detected at build time already.
697 BUILD_BUG_ON(TASK_SIZE
> MODULES_VADDR
);
698 BUG_ON(TASK_SIZE
> MODULES_VADDR
);
701 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
702 BUILD_BUG_ON(PKMAP_BASE
+ LAST_PKMAP
* PAGE_SIZE
> PAGE_OFFSET
);
703 BUG_ON(PKMAP_BASE
+ LAST_PKMAP
* PAGE_SIZE
> PAGE_OFFSET
);
706 if (PAGE_SIZE
>= 16384 && num_physpages
<= 128) {
707 extern int sysctl_overcommit_memory
;
709 * On a machine this small we won't get
710 * anywhere without overcommit, so turn
713 sysctl_overcommit_memory
= OVERCOMMIT_ALWAYS
;
717 void free_initmem(void)
719 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
720 extern char __tcm_start
, __tcm_end
;
722 poison_init_mem(&__tcm_start
, &__tcm_end
- &__tcm_start
);
723 totalram_pages
+= free_area(__phys_to_pfn(__pa(&__tcm_start
)),
724 __phys_to_pfn(__pa(&__tcm_end
)),
728 poison_init_mem(__init_begin
, __init_end
- __init_begin
);
729 if (!machine_is_integrator() && !machine_is_cintegrator())
730 totalram_pages
+= free_area(__phys_to_pfn(__pa(__init_begin
)),
731 __phys_to_pfn(__pa(__init_end
)),
735 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
737 static int keep_initrd
;
739 void free_initrd_mem(unsigned long start
, unsigned long end
)
742 poison_init_mem((void *)start
, PAGE_ALIGN(end
) - start
);
743 totalram_pages
+= free_area(__phys_to_pfn(__pa(start
)),
744 __phys_to_pfn(__pa(end
)),
749 static int __init
keepinitrd_setup(char *__unused
)
755 __setup("keepinitrd", keepinitrd_setup
);