1 Kprobe-based Event Tracing
2 ==========================
4 Documentation is written by Masami Hiramatsu
9 These events are similar to tracepoint based events. Instead of Tracepoint,
10 this is based on kprobes (kprobe and kretprobe). So it can probe wherever
11 kprobes can probe (this means, all functions body except for __kprobes
12 functions). Unlike the Tracepoint based event, this can be added and removed
13 dynamically, on the fly.
15 To enable this feature, build your kernel with CONFIG_KPROBE_TRACING=y.
17 Similar to the events tracer, this doesn't need to be activated via
18 current_tracer. Instead of that, add probe points via
19 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/kprobe_events, and enable it via
20 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/kprobes/<EVENT>/enabled.
23 Synopsis of kprobe_events
24 -------------------------
25 p[:[GRP/]EVENT] SYMBOL[+offs]|MEMADDR [FETCHARGS] : Set a probe
26 r[:[GRP/]EVENT] SYMBOL[+0] [FETCHARGS] : Set a return probe
27 -:[GRP/]EVENT : Clear a probe
29 GRP : Group name. If omitted, use "kprobes" for it.
30 EVENT : Event name. If omitted, the event name is generated
31 based on SYMBOL+offs or MEMADDR.
32 SYMBOL[+offs] : Symbol+offset where the probe is inserted.
33 MEMADDR : Address where the probe is inserted.
35 FETCHARGS : Arguments. Each probe can have up to 128 args.
36 %REG : Fetch register REG
37 @ADDR : Fetch memory at ADDR (ADDR should be in kernel)
38 @SYM[+|-offs] : Fetch memory at SYM +|- offs (SYM should be a data symbol)
39 $stackN : Fetch Nth entry of stack (N >= 0)
40 $stack : Fetch stack address.
41 $retval : Fetch return value.(*)
42 +|-offs(FETCHARG) : Fetch memory at FETCHARG +|- offs address.(**)
43 NAME=FETCHARG : Set NAME as the argument name of FETCHARG.
44 FETCHARG:TYPE : Set TYPE as the type of FETCHARG. Currently, basic types
45 (u8/u16/u32/u64/s8/s16/s32/s64), "string" and bitfield
48 (*) only for return probe.
49 (**) this is useful for fetching a field of data structures.
53 Several types are supported for fetch-args. Kprobe tracer will access memory
54 by given type. Prefix 's' and 'u' means those types are signed and unsigned
55 respectively. Traced arguments are shown in decimal (signed) or hex (unsigned).
56 String type is a special type, which fetches a "null-terminated" string from
57 kernel space. This means it will fail and store NULL if the string container
59 Bitfield is another special type, which takes 3 parameters, bit-width, bit-
60 offset, and container-size (usually 32). The syntax is;
62 b<bit-width>@<bit-offset>/<container-size>
65 Per-Probe Event Filtering
66 -------------------------
67 Per-probe event filtering feature allows you to set different filter on each
68 probe and gives you what arguments will be shown in trace buffer. If an event
69 name is specified right after 'p:' or 'r:' in kprobe_events, it adds an event
70 under tracing/events/kprobes/<EVENT>, at the directory you can see 'id',
71 'enabled', 'format' and 'filter'.
74 You can enable/disable the probe by writing 1 or 0 on it.
77 This shows the format of this probe event.
80 You can write filtering rules of this event.
83 This shows the id of this probe event.
88 You can check the total number of probe hits and probe miss-hits via
89 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/kprobe_profile.
90 The first column is event name, the second is the number of probe hits,
91 the third is the number of probe miss-hits.
96 To add a probe as a new event, write a new definition to kprobe_events
99 echo 'p:myprobe do_sys_open dfd=%ax filename=%dx flags=%cx mode=+4($stack)' > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/kprobe_events
101 This sets a kprobe on the top of do_sys_open() function with recording
102 1st to 4th arguments as "myprobe" event. Note, which register/stack entry is
103 assigned to each function argument depends on arch-specific ABI. If you unsure
104 the ABI, please try to use probe subcommand of perf-tools (you can find it
106 As this example shows, users can choose more familiar names for each arguments.
108 echo 'r:myretprobe do_sys_open $retval' >> /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/kprobe_events
110 This sets a kretprobe on the return point of do_sys_open() function with
111 recording return value as "myretprobe" event.
112 You can see the format of these events via
113 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/kprobes/<EVENT>/format.
115 cat /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/kprobes/myprobe/format
119 field:unsigned short common_type; offset:0; size:2; signed:0;
120 field:unsigned char common_flags; offset:2; size:1; signed:0;
121 field:unsigned char common_preempt_count; offset:3; size:1;signed:0;
122 field:int common_pid; offset:4; size:4; signed:1;
123 field:int common_lock_depth; offset:8; size:4; signed:1;
125 field:unsigned long __probe_ip; offset:12; size:4; signed:0;
126 field:int __probe_nargs; offset:16; size:4; signed:1;
127 field:unsigned long dfd; offset:20; size:4; signed:0;
128 field:unsigned long filename; offset:24; size:4; signed:0;
129 field:unsigned long flags; offset:28; size:4; signed:0;
130 field:unsigned long mode; offset:32; size:4; signed:0;
133 print fmt: "(%lx) dfd=%lx filename=%lx flags=%lx mode=%lx", REC->__probe_ip,
134 REC->dfd, REC->filename, REC->flags, REC->mode
136 You can see that the event has 4 arguments as in the expressions you specified.
138 echo > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/kprobe_events
140 This clears all probe points.
144 echo -:myprobe >> kprobe_events
146 This clears probe points selectively.
148 Right after definition, each event is disabled by default. For tracing these
149 events, you need to enable it.
151 echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/kprobes/myprobe/enable
152 echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/kprobes/myretprobe/enable
154 And you can see the traced information via /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace.
156 cat /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace
159 # TASK-PID CPU# TIMESTAMP FUNCTION
161 <...>-1447 [001] 1038282.286875: myprobe: (do_sys_open+0x0/0xd6) dfd=3 filename=7fffd1ec4440 flags=8000 mode=0
162 <...>-1447 [001] 1038282.286878: myretprobe: (sys_openat+0xc/0xe <- do_sys_open) $retval=fffffffffffffffe
163 <...>-1447 [001] 1038282.286885: myprobe: (do_sys_open+0x0/0xd6) dfd=ffffff9c filename=40413c flags=8000 mode=1b6
164 <...>-1447 [001] 1038282.286915: myretprobe: (sys_open+0x1b/0x1d <- do_sys_open) $retval=3
165 <...>-1447 [001] 1038282.286969: myprobe: (do_sys_open+0x0/0xd6) dfd=ffffff9c filename=4041c6 flags=98800 mode=10
166 <...>-1447 [001] 1038282.286976: myretprobe: (sys_open+0x1b/0x1d <- do_sys_open) $retval=3
169 Each line shows when the kernel hits an event, and <- SYMBOL means kernel
170 returns from SYMBOL(e.g. "sys_open+0x1b/0x1d <- do_sys_open" means kernel
171 returns from do_sys_open to sys_open+0x1b).