1 Naming and data format standards for sysfs files
2 ------------------------------------------------
4 The libsensors library offers an interface to the raw sensors data
5 through the sysfs interface. See libsensors documentation and source for
6 further information. As of writing this document, libsensors
7 (from lm_sensors 2.8.3) is heavily chip-dependent. Adding or updating
8 support for any given chip requires modifying the library's code.
9 This is because libsensors was written for the procfs interface
10 older kernel modules were using, which wasn't standardized enough.
11 Recent versions of libsensors (from lm_sensors 2.8.2 and later) have
12 support for the sysfs interface, though.
14 The new sysfs interface was designed to be as chip-independent as
17 Note that motherboards vary widely in the connections to sensor chips.
18 There is no standard that ensures, for example, that the second
19 temperature sensor is connected to the CPU, or that the second fan is on
20 the CPU. Also, some values reported by the chips need some computation
21 before they make full sense. For example, most chips can only measure
22 voltages between 0 and +4V. Other voltages are scaled back into that
23 range using external resistors. Since the values of these resistors
24 can change from motherboard to motherboard, the conversions cannot be
25 hard coded into the driver and have to be done in user space.
27 For this reason, even if we aim at a chip-independent libsensors, it will
28 still require a configuration file (e.g. /etc/sensors.conf) for proper
29 values conversion, labeling of inputs and hiding of unused inputs.
31 An alternative method that some programs use is to access the sysfs
32 files directly. This document briefly describes the standards that the
33 drivers follow, so that an application program can scan for entries and
34 access this data in a simple and consistent way. That said, such programs
35 will have to implement conversion, labeling and hiding of inputs. For
36 this reason, it is still not recommended to bypass the library.
38 If you are developing a userspace application please send us feedback on
41 Note that this standard isn't completely established yet, so it is subject
42 to changes. If you are writing a new hardware monitoring driver those
43 features can't seem to fit in this interface, please contact us with your
44 extension proposal. Keep in mind that backward compatibility must be
47 Each chip gets its own directory in the sysfs /sys/devices tree. To
48 find all sensor chips, it is easier to follow the device symlinks from
49 /sys/class/hwmon/hwmon*.
51 All sysfs values are fixed point numbers.
53 There is only one value per file, unlike the older /proc specification.
54 The common scheme for files naming is: <type><number>_<item>. Usual
55 types for sensor chips are "in" (voltage), "temp" (temperature) and
56 "fan" (fan). Usual items are "input" (measured value), "max" (high
57 threshold, "min" (low threshold). Numbering usually starts from 1,
58 except for voltages which start from 0 (because most data sheets use
59 this). A number is always used for elements that can be present more
60 than once, even if there is a single element of the given type on the
61 specific chip. Other files do not refer to a specific element, so
62 they have a simple name, and no number.
64 Alarms are direct indications read from the chips. The drivers do NOT
65 make comparisons of readings to thresholds. This allows violations
66 between readings to be caught and alarmed. The exact definition of an
67 alarm (for example, whether a threshold must be met or must be exceeded
68 to cause an alarm) is chip-dependent.
71 -------------------------------------------------------------------------
73 [0-*] denotes any positive number starting from 0
74 [1-*] denotes any positive number starting from 1
78 Read/write values may be read-only for some chips, depending on the
79 hardware implementation.
81 All entries are optional, and should only be created in a given driver
82 if the chip has the feature.
88 in[0-*]_min Voltage min value.
92 in[0-*]_max Voltage max value.
96 in[0-*]_input Voltage input value.
99 Voltage measured on the chip pin.
100 Actual voltage depends on the scaling resistors on the
101 motherboard, as recommended in the chip datasheet.
102 This varies by chip and by motherboard.
103 Because of this variation, values are generally NOT scaled
104 by the chip driver, and must be done by the application.
105 However, some drivers (notably lm87 and via686a)
106 do scale, because of internal resistors built into a chip.
107 These drivers will output the actual voltage.
110 in0_* CPU #1 voltage (not scaled)
111 in1_* CPU #2 voltage (not scaled)
112 in2_* 3.3V nominal (not scaled)
113 in3_* 5.0V nominal (scaled)
114 in4_* 12.0V nominal (scaled)
115 in5_* -12.0V nominal (scaled)
116 in6_* -5.0V nominal (scaled)
120 cpu[0-*]_vid CPU core reference voltage.
125 vrm Voltage Regulator Module version number.
126 RW (but changing it should no more be necessary)
127 Originally the VRM standard version multiplied by 10, but now
128 an arbitrary number, as not all standards have a version
130 Affects the way the driver calculates the CPU core reference
131 voltage from the vid pins.
133 Also see the Alarms section for status flags associated with voltages.
140 fan[1-*]_min Fan minimum value
141 Unit: revolution/min (RPM)
144 fan[1-*]_input Fan input value.
145 Unit: revolution/min (RPM)
148 fan[1-*]_div Fan divisor.
149 Integer value in powers of two (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128).
151 Some chips only support values 1, 2, 4 and 8.
152 Note that this is actually an internal clock divisor, which
153 affects the measurable speed range, not the read value.
155 Also see the Alarms section for status flags associated with fans.
162 pwm[1-*] Pulse width modulation fan control.
163 Integer value in the range 0 to 255
168 Switch PWM on and off.
169 Not always present even if pwmN is.
171 1: turn on in manual mode
172 2+: turn on in automatic mode
173 Check individual chip documentation files for automatic mode
177 pwm[1-*]_mode 0: DC mode (direct current)
178 1: PWM mode (pulse-width modulation)
181 pwm[1-*]_freq Base PWM frequency in Hz.
182 Only possibly available when pwmN_mode is PWM, but not always
186 pwm[1-*]_auto_channels_temp
187 Select which temperature channels affect this PWM output in
188 auto mode. Bitfield, 1 is temp1, 2 is temp2, 4 is temp3 etc...
189 Which values are possible depend on the chip used.
192 pwm[1-*]_auto_point[1-*]_pwm
193 pwm[1-*]_auto_point[1-*]_temp
194 pwm[1-*]_auto_point[1-*]_temp_hyst
195 Define the PWM vs temperature curve. Number of trip points is
196 chip-dependent. Use this for chips which associate trip points
197 to PWM output channels.
202 temp[1-*]_auto_point[1-*]_pwm
203 temp[1-*]_auto_point[1-*]_temp
204 temp[1-*]_auto_point[1-*]_temp_hyst
205 Define the PWM vs temperature curve. Number of trip points is
206 chip-dependent. Use this for chips which associate trip points
207 to temperature channels.
215 temp[1-*]_type Sensor type selection.
216 Integers 1 to 6 or thermistor Beta value (typically 3435)
221 4: thermistor (default/unknown Beta)
224 Not all types are supported by all chips
226 temp[1-*]_max Temperature max value.
227 Unit: millidegree Celsius (or millivolt, see below)
230 temp[1-*]_min Temperature min value.
231 Unit: millidegree Celsius
235 Temperature hysteresis value for max limit.
236 Unit: millidegree Celsius
237 Must be reported as an absolute temperature, NOT a delta
241 temp[1-*]_input Temperature input value.
242 Unit: millidegree Celsius
245 temp[1-*]_crit Temperature critical value, typically greater than
246 corresponding temp_max values.
247 Unit: millidegree Celsius
251 Temperature hysteresis value for critical limit.
252 Unit: millidegree Celsius
253 Must be reported as an absolute temperature, NOT a delta
254 from the critical value.
258 Temperature offset which is added to the temperature reading
260 Unit: millidegree Celsius
263 If there are multiple temperature sensors, temp1_* is
264 generally the sensor inside the chip itself,
265 reported as "motherboard temperature". temp2_* to
266 temp4_* are generally sensors external to the chip
267 itself, for example the thermal diode inside the CPU or
270 Some chips measure temperature using external thermistors and an ADC, and
271 report the temperature measurement as a voltage. Converting this voltage
272 back to a temperature (or the other way around for limits) requires
273 mathematical functions not available in the kernel, so the conversion
274 must occur in user space. For these chips, all temp* files described
275 above should contain values expressed in millivolt instead of millidegree
276 Celsius. In other words, such temperature channels are handled as voltage
277 channels by the driver.
279 Also see the Alarms section for status flags associated with temperatures.
286 Note that no known chip provides current measurements as of writing,
287 so this part is theoretical, so to say.
289 curr[1-*]_max Current max value
293 curr[1-*]_min Current min value.
297 curr[1-*]_input Current input value
306 Each channel or limit may have an associated alarm file, containing a
307 boolean value. 1 means than an alarm condition exists, 0 means no alarm.
309 Usually a given chip will either use channel-related alarms, or
310 limit-related alarms, not both. The driver should just reflect the hardware
334 Each input channel may have an associated fault file. This can be used
335 to notify open diodes, unconnected fans etc. where the hardware
336 supports it. When this boolean has value 1, the measurement for that
337 channel should not be trusted.
341 temp[1-*]_input_fault
342 Input fault condition
347 Some chips also offer the possibility to get beeped when an alarm occurs:
349 beep_enable Master beep enable
362 In theory, a chip could provide per-limit beep masking, but no such chip
365 Old drivers provided a different, non-standard interface to alarms and
366 beeps. These interface files are deprecated, but will be kept around
367 for compatibility reasons:
369 alarms Alarm bitmask.
371 Integer representation of one to four bytes.
372 A '1' bit means an alarm.
373 Chips should be programmed for 'comparator' mode so that
374 the alarm will 'come back' after you read the register
375 if it is still valid.
376 Generally a direct representation of a chip's internal
377 alarm registers; there is no standard for the position
378 of individual bits. For this reason, the use of this
379 interface file for new drivers is discouraged. Use
380 individual *_alarm and *_fault files instead.
381 Bits are defined in kernel/include/sensors.h.
383 beep_mask Bitmask for beep.
384 Same format as 'alarms' with the same bit locations,
385 use discouraged for the same reason. Use individual
386 *_beep files instead.
394 eeprom Raw EEPROM data in binary form.
397 pec Enable or disable PEC (SMBus only)