4 The following is a consolidated list of the kernel parameters as implemented
5 (mostly) by the __setup() macro and sorted into English Dictionary order
6 (defined as ignoring all punctuation and sorting digits before letters in a
7 case insensitive manner), and with descriptions where known.
9 Module parameters for loadable modules are specified only as the
10 parameter name with optional '=' and value as appropriate, such as:
12 modprobe usbcore blinkenlights=1
14 Module parameters for modules that are built into the kernel image
15 are specified on the kernel command line with the module name plus
16 '.' plus parameter name, with '=' and value if appropriate, such as:
18 usbcore.blinkenlights=1
20 This document may not be entirely up to date and comprehensive. The command
21 "modinfo -p ${modulename}" shows a current list of all parameters of a loadable
22 module. Loadable modules, after being loaded into the running kernel, also
23 reveal their parameters in /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/. Some of these
24 parameters may be changed at runtime by the command
25 "echo -n ${value} > /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/${parm}".
27 The parameters listed below are only valid if certain kernel build options were
28 enabled and if respective hardware is present. The text in square brackets at
29 the beginning of each description states the restrictions within which a
30 parameter is applicable:
32 ACPI ACPI support is enabled.
33 ALSA ALSA sound support is enabled.
34 APIC APIC support is enabled.
35 APM Advanced Power Management support is enabled.
36 AX25 Appropriate AX.25 support is enabled.
37 CD Appropriate CD support is enabled.
38 DRM Direct Rendering Management support is enabled.
39 EDD BIOS Enhanced Disk Drive Services (EDD) is enabled
40 EFI EFI Partitioning (GPT) is enabled
41 EIDE EIDE/ATAPI support is enabled.
42 FB The frame buffer device is enabled.
43 HW Appropriate hardware is enabled.
44 IA-32 IA-32 aka i386 architecture is enabled.
45 IA-64 IA-64 architecture is enabled.
46 IOSCHED More than one I/O scheduler is enabled.
47 IP_PNP IP DHCP, BOOTP, or RARP is enabled.
48 ISAPNP ISA PnP code is enabled.
49 ISDN Appropriate ISDN support is enabled.
50 JOY Appropriate joystick support is enabled.
51 LP Printer support is enabled.
52 LOOP Loopback device support is enabled.
53 M68k M68k architecture is enabled.
54 These options have more detailed description inside of
55 Documentation/m68k/kernel-options.txt.
56 MCA MCA bus support is enabled.
57 MDA MDA console support is enabled.
58 MOUSE Appropriate mouse support is enabled.
59 MSI Message Signaled Interrupts (PCI).
60 MTD MTD support is enabled.
61 NET Appropriate network support is enabled.
62 NUMA NUMA support is enabled.
63 GENERIC_TIME The generic timeofday code is enabled.
64 NFS Appropriate NFS support is enabled.
65 OSS OSS sound support is enabled.
66 PARIDE The ParIDE subsystem is enabled.
67 PARISC The PA-RISC architecture is enabled.
68 PCI PCI bus support is enabled.
69 PCMCIA The PCMCIA subsystem is enabled.
70 PNP Plug & Play support is enabled.
71 PPC PowerPC architecture is enabled.
72 PPT Parallel port support is enabled.
73 PS2 Appropriate PS/2 support is enabled.
74 RAM RAM disk support is enabled.
75 S390 S390 architecture is enabled.
76 SCSI Appropriate SCSI support is enabled.
77 A lot of drivers has their options described inside of
79 SELINUX SELinux support is enabled.
80 SERIAL Serial support is enabled.
81 SMP The kernel is an SMP kernel.
82 SPARC Sparc architecture is enabled.
83 SWSUSP Software suspend is enabled.
84 TS Appropriate touchscreen support is enabled.
85 USB USB support is enabled.
86 USBHID USB Human Interface Device support is enabled.
87 V4L Video For Linux support is enabled.
88 VGA The VGA console has been enabled.
89 VT Virtual terminal support is enabled.
90 WDT Watchdog support is enabled.
91 XT IBM PC/XT MFM hard disk support is enabled.
92 X86-64 X86-64 architecture is enabled.
93 More X86-64 boot options can be found in
94 Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt .
96 In addition, the following text indicates that the option:
98 BUGS= Relates to possible processor bugs on the said processor.
99 KNL Is a kernel start-up parameter.
100 BOOT Is a boot loader parameter.
102 Parameters denoted with BOOT are actually interpreted by the boot
103 loader, and have no meaning to the kernel directly.
104 Do not modify the syntax of boot loader parameters without extreme
105 need or coordination with <Documentation/i386/boot.txt>.
107 Note that ALL kernel parameters listed below are CASE SENSITIVE, and that
108 a trailing = on the name of any parameter states that that parameter will
109 be entered as an environment variable, whereas its absence indicates that
110 it will appear as a kernel argument readable via /proc/cmdline by programs
111 running once the system is up.
113 53c7xx= [HW,SCSI] Amiga SCSI controllers
114 See header of drivers/scsi/53c7xx.c.
115 See also Documentation/scsi/ncr53c7xx.txt.
117 acpi= [HW,ACPI] Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
118 Format: { force | off | ht | strict | noirq }
119 force -- enable ACPI if default was off
120 off -- disable ACPI if default was on
121 noirq -- do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
122 ht -- run only enough ACPI to enable Hyper Threading
123 strict -- Be less tolerant of platforms that are not
124 strictly ACPI specification compliant.
126 See also Documentation/pm.txt, pci=noacpi
128 acpi_sleep= [HW,ACPI] Sleep options
129 Format: { s3_bios, s3_mode }
130 See Documentation/power/video.txt
132 acpi_sci= [HW,ACPI] ACPI System Control Interrupt trigger mode
133 Format: { level | edge | high | low }
135 acpi_irq_balance [HW,ACPI]
136 ACPI will balance active IRQs
139 acpi_irq_nobalance [HW,ACPI]
140 ACPI will not move active IRQs (default)
143 acpi_irq_pci= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, clear listed IRQs for
145 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
147 acpi_irq_isa= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, mark listed IRQs used by ISA
148 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
150 acpi_os_name= [HW,ACPI] Tell ACPI BIOS the name of the OS
151 Format: To spoof as Windows 98: ="Microsoft Windows"
153 acpi_osi= [HW,ACPI] empty param disables _OSI
155 acpi_serialize [HW,ACPI] force serialization of AML methods
157 acpi_skip_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
158 Recognize and ignore IRQ0/pin2 Interrupt Override.
159 For broken nForce2 BIOS resulting in XT-PIC timer.
161 acpi_dbg_layer= [HW,ACPI]
163 Each bit of the <int> indicates an ACPI debug layer,
164 1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
165 debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
166 via /proc/acpi/debug_layer.
168 acpi_dbg_level= [HW,ACPI]
170 Each bit of the <int> indicates an ACPI debug level,
171 1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
172 debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
173 via /proc/acpi/debug_level.
175 acpi_fake_ecdt [HW,ACPI] Workaround failure due to BIOS lacking ECDT
177 acpi_generic_hotkey [HW,ACPI]
178 Allow consolidated generic hotkey driver to
179 override platform specific driver.
180 See also Documentation/acpi-hotkey.txt.
182 acpi_pm_good [IA-32,X86-64]
183 Override the pmtimer bug detection: force the kernel
184 to assume that this machine's pmtimer latches its value
185 and always returns good values.
187 enable_timer_pin_1 [i386,x86-64]
188 Enable PIN 1 of APIC timer
189 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs
190 (in particular on some ATI chipsets).
191 The kernel tries to set a reasonable default.
193 disable_timer_pin_1 [i386,x86-64]
194 Disable PIN 1 of APIC timer
195 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs.
198 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
199 See also Documentation/sound/oss/AD1816.
202 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<type>
208 See header of drivers/scsi/advansys.c.
210 advwdt= [HW,WDT] Advantech WDT
211 Format: <iostart>,<iostop>
213 aedsp16= [HW,OSS] Audio Excel DSP 16
214 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
215 See also header of sound/oss/aedsp16.c.
218 See Documentation/scsi/aha152x.txt.
221 Format: <portbase>[,<buson>,<busoff>[,<dmaspeed>]]
224 See Documentation/scsi/aic7xxx.txt.
227 See Documentation/scsi/aic79xx.txt.
229 amijoy.map= [HW,JOY] Amiga joystick support
230 Map of devices attached to JOY0DAT and JOY1DAT
232 See also Documentation/kernel/input/joystick.txt
234 analog.map= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick and gamepad support
235 Specifies type or capabilities of an analog joystick
236 connected to one of 16 gameports
237 Format: <type1>,<type2>,..<type16>
240 Power management functions (SPARCstation-4/5 + deriv.)
242 Disable APC CPU standby support. SPARCstation-Fox does
243 not play well with APC CPU idle - disable it if you have
244 APC and your system crashes randomly.
246 apic= [APIC,i386] Change the output verbosity whilst booting
247 Format: { quiet (default) | verbose | debug }
248 Change the amount of debugging information output
249 when initialising the APIC and IO-APIC components.
251 apm= [APM] Advanced Power Management
252 See header of arch/i386/kernel/apm.c.
257 arcrimi= [HW,NET] ARCnet - "RIM I" (entirely mem-mapped) cards
258 Format: <io>,<irq>,<nodeID>
262 atarimouse= [HW,MOUSE] Atari Mouse
264 atascsi= [HW,SCSI] Atari SCSI
266 atkbd.extra= [HW] Enable extra LEDs and keys on IBM RapidAccess,
267 EzKey and similar keyboards
269 atkbd.reset= [HW] Reset keyboard during initialization
271 atkbd.set= [HW] Select keyboard code set
272 Format: <int> (2 = AT (default), 3 = PS/2)
274 atkbd.scroll= [HW] Enable scroll wheel on MS Office and similar
277 atkbd.softraw= [HW] Choose between synthetic and real raw mode
278 Format: <bool> (0 = real, 1 = synthetic (default))
280 atkbd.softrepeat= [HW]
281 Use software keyboard repeat
285 awe= [HW,OSS] AWE32/SB32/AWE64 wave table synth
286 Format: <io>,<memsize>,<isapnp>
288 aztcd= [HW,CD] Aztech CD268 CDROM driver
289 Format: <io>,0x79 (?)
291 baycom_epp= [HW,AX25]
294 baycom_par= [HW,AX25] BayCom Parallel Port AX.25 Modem
296 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_par.c.
298 baycom_ser_fdx= [HW,AX25]
299 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Full Duplex Mode)
300 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>[,<baud>]
301 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_fdx.c.
303 baycom_ser_hdx= [HW,AX25]
304 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Half Duplex Mode)
305 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>
306 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_hdx.c.
308 blkmtd_device= [HW,MTD]
314 bttv.card= [HW,V4L] bttv (bt848 + bt878 based grabber cards)
315 bttv.radio= Most important insmod options are available as
317 bttv.pll= See Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Insmod-options
318 bttv.tuner= and Documentation/video4linux/bttv/CARDLIST
321 See drivers/scsi/BusLogic.c, comment before function
322 BusLogic_ParseDriverOptions().
324 c101= [NET] Moxa C101 synchronous serial card
326 cachesize= [BUGS=IA-32] Override level 2 CPU cache size detection.
327 Sometimes CPU hardware bugs make them report the cache
328 size incorrectly. The kernel will attempt work arounds
329 to fix known problems, but for some CPUs it is not
330 possible to determine what the correct size should be.
331 This option provides an override for these situations.
334 Format: <io>,<irq>[,PAS]
335 See header of drivers/cdrom/cdu31a.c.
337 chandev= [HW,NET] Generic channel device initialisation
339 checkreqprot [SELINUX] Set initial checkreqprot flag value.
340 Format: { "0" | "1" }
341 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
342 0 -- check protection applied by kernel (includes
343 any implied execute protection).
344 1 -- check protection requested by application.
345 Default value is set via a kernel config option.
346 Value can be changed at runtime via
347 /selinux/checkreqprot.
349 clock= [BUGS=IA-32, HW] gettimeofday clocksource override.
351 Forces specified clocksource (if avaliable) to be used
352 when calculating gettimeofday(). If specified
353 clocksource is not avalible, it defaults to PIT.
354 Format: { pit | tsc | cyclone | pmtmr }
358 [IA32/X86_64] Disable/Enable interrupt 0 timer routing
359 over the 8254 in addition to over the IO-APIC. The
360 kernel tries to set a sensible default.
362 hpet= [IA-32,HPET] option to disable HPET and use PIT.
366 Format: { auto | [<io>,][<irq>] }
368 com20020= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM20020 chipset
370 <io>[,<irq>[,<nodeID>[,<backplane>[,<ckp>[,<timeout>]]]]]
372 com90io= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (IO-mapped buffers)
376 ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (memory-mapped buffers)
377 Format: <io>[,<irq>[,<memstart>]]
379 condev= [HW,S390] console device
382 console= [KNL] Output console device and options.
384 tty<n> Use the virtual console device <n>.
388 Use the specified serial port. The options are of
389 the form "bbbbpnf", where "bbbb" is the baud rate,
390 "p" is parity ("n", "o", or "e"), "n" is number of
391 bits, and "f" is flow control ("r" for RTS or
392 omit it). Default is "9600n8".
394 See Documentation/serial-console.txt for more
396 Documentation/networking/netconsole.txt for an
399 uart,io,<addr>[,options]
400 uart,mmio,<addr>[,options]
401 Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
402 UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address,
403 switching to the matching ttyS device later. The
404 options are the same as for ttyS, above.
406 cpcihp_generic= [HW,PCI] Generic port I/O CompactPCI driver
408 <first_slot>,<last_slot>,<port>,<enum_bit>[,<debug>]
411 Format: { parport<nr> | auto | none }
413 crashkernel=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
414 [KNL] Reserve a chunk of physical memory to
415 hold a kernel to switch to with kexec on panic.
418 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mpuio>,<mpuirq>
423 cs89x0_media= [HW,NET]
424 Format: { rj45 | aui | bnc }
426 cyclades= [HW,SERIAL] Cyclades multi-serial port adapter.
429 See header of drivers/s390/block/dasd_devmap.c.
431 db9.dev[2|3]= [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick support via parallel port
432 (one device per port)
433 Format: <port#>,<type>
434 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
436 debug [KNL] Enable kernel debugging (events log level).
439 [KNL] verbose self-tests
441 Print debugging info while doing the locking API
443 We default to 0 (no extra messages), setting it to
444 1 will print _a lot_ more information - normally
445 only useful to kernel developers.
448 Format: <area>[,<node>]
449 See also Documentation/networking/decnet.txt.
452 Set number of hash buckets for dentry cache.
455 IO parameters + enable/disable command.
457 digiepca= [HW,SERIAL]
458 See drivers/char/README.epca and
459 Documentation/digiepca.txt.
461 dmascc= [HW,AX25,SERIAL] AX.25 Z80SCC driver with DMA
463 Format: <io_dev0>[,<io_dev1>[,..<io_dev32>]]
465 dmasound= [HW,OSS] Sound subsystem buffers
471 earlyprintk= [IA-32,X86-64]
473 earlyprintk=serial[,ttySn[,baudrate]]
475 Append ",keep" to not disable it when the real console
478 Only vga or serial at a time, not both.
480 Currently only ttyS0 and ttyS1 are supported.
482 Interaction with the standard serial driver is not
485 The VGA output is eventually overwritten by the real
490 ec_intr= [HW,ACPI] ACPI Embedded Controller interrupt mode
493 non-0: interrupt mode (default)
500 Format: {"of[f]" | "sk[ipmbr]"}
501 See comment in arch/i386/boot/edd.S
504 Format: <id>,<membase>,<irq>
506 eisa_irq_edge= [PARISC,HW]
507 See header of drivers/parisc/eisa.c.
510 See comment before function elanfreq_setup() in
511 arch/i386/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/elanfreq.c.
514 Format: {"anticipatory" | "cfq" | "deadline" | "noop"}
515 See Documentation/block/as-iosched.txt and
516 Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt for details.
518 elfcorehdr= [IA-32, X86_64]
519 Specifies physical address of start of kernel core
520 image elf header. Generally kexec loader will
521 pass this option to capture kernel.
522 See Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for details.
524 enforcing [SELINUX] Set initial enforcing status.
526 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
527 0 -- permissive (log only, no denials).
528 1 -- enforcing (deny and log).
530 Value can be changed at runtime via /selinux/enforce.
533 Format: <lineout>[,<micbias>]
534 See also header of sound/oss/es1370.c.
537 Format: <spdif>,[<nomix>,[<amplifier>]]
538 See also header of sound/oss/es1371.c.
540 ether= [HW,NET] Ethernet cards parameters
541 This option is obsoleted by the "netdev=" option, which
542 has equivalent usage. See its documentation for details.
544 eurwdt= [HW,WDT] Eurotech CPU-1220/1410 onboard watchdog.
548 See header of drivers/scsi/fd_mcs.c.
551 See header of drivers/scsi/fdomain.c.
554 See Documentation/floppy.txt.
556 ftape= [HW] Floppy Tape subsystem debugging options.
557 See Documentation/ftape.txt.
560 [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick and NES/SNES/PSX pad
561 support via parallel port (up to 5 devices per port)
562 Format: <port#>,<pad1>,<pad2>,<pad3>,<pad4>,<pad5>
563 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
568 See header of drivers/scsi/gdth.c.
570 gpt [EFI] Forces disk with valid GPT signature but
571 invalid Protective MBR to be treated as GPT.
576 gt96100eth= [NET] MIPS GT96100 Advanced Communication Controller
579 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>
583 hashdist= [KNL,NUMA] Large hashes allocated during boot
584 are distributed across NUMA nodes. Defaults on
585 for IA-64, off otherwise.
586 Format: 0 | 1 (for off | on)
588 hcl= [IA-64] SGI's Hardware Graph compatibility layer
590 hd= [EIDE] (E)IDE hard drive subsystem geometry
591 Format: <cyl>,<head>,<sect>
593 hd?= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
594 hd?lun= See Documentation/ide.txt.
596 highmem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] forces the highmem zone to have an exact
597 size of <nn>. This works even on boxes that have no
598 highmem otherwise. This also works to reduce highmem
599 size on bigger boxes.
602 See Documentation/isdn/README.HiSax.
604 hugepages= [HW,IA-32,IA-64] Maximal number of HugeTLB pages.
606 noirqbalance [IA-32,SMP,KNL] Disable kernel irq balancing
608 i8042.direct [HW] Put keyboard port into non-translated mode
609 i8042.dumbkbd [HW] Pretend that controlled can only read data from
610 keyboard and can not control its state
611 (Don't attempt to blink the leds)
612 i8042.noaux [HW] Don't check for auxiliary (== mouse) port
613 i8042.nokbd [HW] Don't check/create keyboard port
614 i8042.nomux [HW] Don't check presence of an active multiplexing
616 i8042.nopnp [HW] Don't use ACPIPnP / PnPBIOS to discover KBD/AUX
619 [HW] Frequency with which keyboard LEDs should blink
620 when kernel panics (default is 0.5 sec)
621 i8042.reset [HW] Reset the controller during init and cleanup
622 i8042.unlock [HW] Unlock (ignore) the keylock
626 i8k.ignore_dmi [HW] Continue probing hardware even if DMI data
627 indicates that the driver is running on unsupported
629 i8k.force [HW] Activate i8k driver even if SMM BIOS signature
630 does not match list of supported models.
632 [HW] Report power status in /proc/i8k
633 (disabled by default)
634 i8k.restricted [HW] Allow controlling fans only if SYS_ADMIN
637 ibmmcascsi= [HW,MCA,SCSI] IBM MicroChannel SCSI adapter
638 See Documentation/mca.txt.
641 Format: <io>[,<membase>[,<icn_id>[,<icn_id2>]]]
643 ide= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
644 Format: ide=nodma or ide=doubler or ide=reverse
645 See Documentation/ide.txt.
647 ide?= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
648 Format: ide?=noprobe or chipset specific parameters.
649 See Documentation/ide.txt.
651 idebus= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem - VLB/PCI bus speed
652 See Documentation/ide.txt.
655 Format: idle=poll or idle=halt
658 Set number of hash buckets for inode cache.
661 See header of drivers/scsi/in2000.c.
665 Run specified binary instead of /sbin/init as init
668 initcall_debug [KNL] Trace initcalls as they are executed. Useful
669 for working out where the kernel is dying during
672 initrd= [BOOT] Specify the location of the initial ramdisk
674 inport.irq= [HW] Inport (ATI XL and Microsoft) busmouse driver
677 combined_mode= [HW] control which driver uses IDE ports in combined
678 mode: legacy IDE driver, libata, or both
679 (in the libata case, libata.atapi_enabled=1 may be
680 useful as well). Note that using the ide or libata
681 options may affect your device naming (e.g. by
682 changing hdc to sdb).
683 Format: combined (default), ide, or libata
687 io7= [HW] IO7 for Marvel based alpha systems
688 See comment before marvel_specify_io7 in
689 arch/alpha/kernel/core_marvel.c.
692 See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
694 ip2= [HW] Set IO/IRQ pairs for up to 4 IntelliPort boards
695 See comment before ip2_setup() in drivers/char/ip2.c.
697 ips= [HW,SCSI] Adaptec / IBM ServeRAID controller
698 See header of drivers/scsi/ips.c.
701 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
702 for it. Intended to get systems with badly broken
706 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
707 for it. Also check all handlers each timer
708 interrupt. Intended to get systems with badly broken
712 Format: <RDP>,<reset>,<pci_scan>,<verbosity>
714 isolcpus= [KNL,SMP] Isolate CPUs from the general scheduler.
715 Format: <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>
716 This option can be used to specify one or more CPUs
717 to isolate from the general SMP balancing and scheduling
718 algorithms. The only way to move a process onto or off
719 an "isolated" CPU is via the CPU affinity syscalls.
720 <cpu number> begins at 0 and the maximum value is
721 "number of CPUs in system - 1".
723 This option is the preferred way to isolate CPUs. The
724 alternative -- manually setting the CPU mask of all
725 tasks in the system -- can cause problems and
726 suboptimal load balancer performance.
729 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<setup>
733 js= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick
734 See Documentation/input/joystick.txt.
738 kstack=N [IA-32,X86-64] Print N words from the kernel stack
743 lapic [IA-32,APIC] Enable the local APIC even if BIOS
746 lasi= [HW,SCSI] PARISC LASI driver for the 53c700 chip
747 Format: addr:<io>,irq:<irq>
749 llsc*= [IA64] See function print_params() in
750 arch/ia64/sn/kernel/llsc4.c.
752 load_ramdisk= [RAM] List of ramdisks to load from floppy
753 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
755 lockd.nlm_grace_period=P [NFS] Assign grace period.
758 lockd.nlm_tcpport=N [NFS] Assign TCP port.
761 lockd.nlm_timeout=T [NFS] Assign timeout value.
764 lockd.nlm_udpport=M [NFS] Assign UDP port.
767 logibm.irq= [HW,MOUSE] Logitech Bus Mouse Driver
770 loglevel= All Kernel Messages with a loglevel smaller than the
771 console loglevel will be printed to the console. It can
772 also be changed with klogd or other programs. The
773 loglevels are defined as follows:
775 0 (KERN_EMERG) system is unusable
776 1 (KERN_ALERT) action must be taken immediately
777 2 (KERN_CRIT) critical conditions
778 3 (KERN_ERR) error conditions
779 4 (KERN_WARNING) warning conditions
780 5 (KERN_NOTICE) normal but significant condition
781 6 (KERN_INFO) informational
782 7 (KERN_DEBUG) debug-level messages
784 log_buf_len=n Sets the size of the printk ring buffer, in bytes.
785 Format: { n | nk | nM }
786 n must be a power of two. The default size
787 is set in the kernel config file.
789 lp=0 [LP] Specify parallel ports to use, e.g,
790 lp=port[,port...] lp=none,parport0 (lp0 not configured, lp1 uses
791 lp=reset first parallel port). 'lp=0' disables the
792 lp=auto printer driver. 'lp=reset' (which can be
793 specified in addition to the ports) causes
794 attached printers to be reset. Using
795 lp=port1,port2,... specifies the parallel ports
796 to associate lp devices with, starting with
797 lp0. A port specification may be 'none' to skip
798 that lp device, or a parport name such as
799 'parport0'. Specifying 'lp=auto' instead of a
800 port specification list means that device IDs
801 from each port should be examined, to see if
802 an IEEE 1284-compliant printer is attached; if
803 so, the driver will manage that printer.
804 See also header of drivers/char/lp.c.
807 Sets loops_per_jiffy to given constant, thus avoiding
808 time-consuming boot-time autodetection (up to 250 ms per
809 CPU). 0 enables autodetection (default). To determine
810 the correct value for your kernel, boot with normal
811 autodetection and see what value is printed. Note that
812 on SMP systems the preset will be applied to all CPUs,
813 which is likely to cause problems if your CPUs need
814 significantly divergent settings. An incorrect value
815 will cause delays in the kernel to be wrong, leading to
816 unpredictable I/O errors and other breakage. Although
817 unlikely, in the extreme case this might damage your
821 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
823 mac5380= [HW,SCSI] Format:
824 <can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
826 mac53c9x= [HW,SCSI] Format:
827 <num_esps>,<disconnect>,<nosync>,<can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
829 machvec= [IA64] Force the use of a particular machine-vector
830 (machvec) in a generic kernel.
831 Example: machvec=hpzx1_swiotlb
833 mad16= [HW,OSS] Format:
834 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>,<joystick>
839 max_loop= [LOOP] Maximum number of loopback devices that can
843 maxcpus= [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel
846 max_addr=[KMG] [KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory greater than or
847 equal to this physical address is ignored.
849 max_luns= [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs to probe.
850 Should be between 1 and 2^32-1.
853 [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs received.
854 Should be between 1 and 16384.
856 mca-pentium [BUGS=IA-32]
861 Format: <port>,<irq>,<mitsumi_bug_93_wait>
865 mce [IA-32] Machine Check Exception
867 md= [HW] RAID subsystems devices and level
868 See Documentation/md.txt.
871 Format: <first>,<last>
872 Specifies range of consoles to be captured by the MDA.
874 mem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Force usage of a specific amount of memory
875 Amount of memory to be used when the kernel is not able
876 to see the whole system memory or for test.
877 [IA-32] Use together with memmap= to avoid physical
878 address space collisions. Without memmap= PCI devices
879 could be placed at addresses belonging to unused RAM.
881 mem=nopentium [BUGS=IA-32] Disable usage of 4MB pages for kernel
884 memmap=exactmap [KNL,IA-32,X86_64] Enable setting of an exact
885 E820 memory map, as specified by the user.
886 Such memmap=exactmap lines can be constructed based on
887 BIOS output or other requirements. See the memmap=nn@ss
890 memmap=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
891 [KNL] Force usage of a specific region of memory
892 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
894 memmap=nn[KMG]#ss[KMG]
895 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as ACPI data.
896 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
898 memmap=nn[KMG]$ss[KMG]
899 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as reserved.
900 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
902 meye.*= [HW] Set MotionEye Camera parameters
903 See Documentation/video4linux/meye.txt.
908 [KNL,SMP] debug: override scheduler migration costs
909 Format: <level-1-usecs>,<level-2-usecs>,...
910 This debugging option can be used to override the
911 default scheduler migration cost matrix. The numbers
912 are indexed by 'CPU domain distance'.
913 E.g. migration_cost=1000,2000,3000 on an SMT NUMA
914 box will set up an intra-core migration cost of
915 1 msec, an inter-core migration cost of 2 msecs,
916 and an inter-node migration cost of 3 msecs.
918 WARNING: using the wrong values here can break
919 scheduler performance, so it's only for scheduler
920 development purposes, not production environments.
923 [KNL,SMP] migration cost auto-detect verbosity
925 If a system's migration matrix reported at bootup
926 seems erroneous then this option can be used to
927 increase verbosity of the detection process.
928 We default to 0 (no extra messages), 1 will print
929 some more information, and 2 will be really
930 verbose (probably only useful if you also have a
931 serial console attached to the system).
934 [KNL,SMP] multiply/divide migration costs by a factor
936 This debug option can be used to proportionally
937 increase or decrease the auto-detected migration
938 costs for all entries of the migration matrix.
939 E.g. migration_factor=150 will increase migration
940 costs by 50%. (and thus the scheduler will be less
941 eager migrating cache-hot tasks)
942 migration_factor=80 will decrease migration costs
943 by 20%. (thus the scheduler will be more eager to
946 WARNING: using the wrong values here can break
947 scheduler performance, so it's only for scheduler
948 development purposes, not production environments.
951 [MOUSE] Maximum time between finger touching and
952 leaving touchpad surface for touch to be considered
953 a tap and be reported as a left button click (for
954 touchpads working in absolute mode only).
956 mousedev.xres= [MOUSE] Horizontal screen resolution, used for devices
957 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
958 mousedev.yres= [MOUSE] Vertical screen resolution, used for devices
959 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
965 Format: <name>,<region-number>,<size>,<offset>
967 MTD_Region= [MTD] Format:
968 <name>,<region-number>[,<base>,<size>,<buswidth>,<altbuswidth>]
971 See drivers/mtd/cmdline.c.
973 mtouchusb.raw_coordinates=
974 [HW] Make the MicroTouch USB driver use raw coordinates
975 ('y', default) or cooked coordinates ('n')
977 n2= [NET] SDL Inc. RISCom/N2 synchronous serial card
980 See header of drivers/scsi/NCR_D700.c.
986 ncr53c400a= [HW,SCSI]
988 ncr53c406a= [HW,SCSI]
992 netdev= [NET] Network devices parameters
993 Format: <irq>,<io>,<mem_start>,<mem_end>,<name>
994 Note that mem_start is often overloaded to mean
995 something different and driver-specific.
996 This usage is only documented in each driver source
1000 See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
1002 nfsroot= [NFS] nfs root filesystem for disk-less boxes.
1003 See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
1005 nfs.callback_tcpport=
1006 [NFS] set the TCP port on which the NFSv4 callback
1007 channel should listen.
1009 nfs.idmap_cache_timeout=
1010 [NFS] set the maximum lifetime for idmapper cache
1013 nmi_watchdog= [KNL,BUGS=IA-32] Debugging features for SMP kernels
1015 no387 [BUGS=IA-32] Tells the kernel to use the 387 maths
1016 emulation library even if a 387 maths coprocessor
1021 noapic [SMP,APIC] Tells the kernel to not make use of any
1022 IOAPICs that may be present in the system.
1024 noasync [HW,M68K] Disables async and sync negotiation for
1027 nobats [PPC] Do not use BATs for mapping kernel lowmem
1028 on "Classic" PPC cores.
1032 nodelayacct [KNL] Disable per-task delay accounting
1034 nodisconnect [HW,SCSI,M68K] Disables SCSI disconnects.
1038 noexec [IA-32,X86-64]
1039 noexec=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
1040 noexec=off: disable nn-executable mappings
1042 nofxsr [BUGS=IA-32] Disables x86 floating point extended
1043 register save and restore. The kernel will only save
1044 legacy floating-point registers on task switch.
1048 no-hlt [BUGS=IA-32] Tells the kernel that the hlt
1049 instruction doesn't work correctly and not to
1052 nohalt [IA-64] Tells the kernel not to use the power saving
1053 function PAL_HALT_LIGHT when idle. This increases
1054 power-consumption. On the positive side, it reduces
1055 interrupt wake-up latency, which may improve performance
1056 in certain environments such as networked servers or
1059 noirqdebug [IA-32] Disables the code which attempts to detect and
1060 disable unhandled interrupt sources.
1062 noisapnp [ISAPNP] Disables ISA PnP code.
1064 noinitrd [RAM] Tells the kernel not to load any configured
1069 nolapic [IA-32,APIC] Do not enable or use the local APIC.
1071 noltlbs [PPC] Do not use large page/tlb entries for kernel
1072 lowmem mapping on PPC40x.
1074 nomca [IA-64] Disable machine check abort handling
1076 nomce [IA-32] Machine Check Exception
1078 noresidual [PPC] Don't use residual data on PReP machines.
1080 noresume [SWSUSP] Disables resume and restores original swap
1083 no-scroll [VGA] Disables scrollback.
1084 This is required for the Braillex ib80-piezo Braille
1085 reader made by F.H. Papenmeier (Germany).
1089 nosep [BUGS=IA-32] Disables x86 SYSENTER/SYSEXIT support.
1091 nosmp [SMP] Tells an SMP kernel to act as a UP kernel.
1093 nosync [HW,M68K] Disables sync negotiation for all devices.
1095 notsc [BUGS=IA-32] Disable Time Stamp Counter
1097 nousb [USB] Disable the USB subsystem
1101 nr_uarts= [SERIAL] maximum number of UARTs to be registered.
1107 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1109 opl3sa2= [HW,OSS] Format:
1110 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<ymode>,<loopback>[,<isapnp>,<multiple]
1112 oprofile.timer= [HW]
1113 Use timer interrupt instead of performance counters
1118 osst= [HW,SCSI] SCSI Tape Driver
1119 Format: <buffer_size>,<write_threshold>
1120 See also Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1122 panic= [KNL] Kernel behaviour on panic
1125 parkbd.port= [HW] Parallel port number the keyboard adapter is
1126 connected to, default is 0.
1128 parkbd.mode= [HW] Parallel port keyboard adapter mode of operation,
1129 0 for XT, 1 for AT (default is AT).
1132 parport= [HW,PPT] Specify parallel ports. 0 disables.
1133 Format: { 0 | auto | 0xBBB[,IRQ[,DMA]] }
1134 Use 'auto' to force the driver to use any
1135 IRQ/DMA settings detected (the default is to
1136 ignore detected IRQ/DMA settings because of
1137 possible conflicts). You can specify the base
1138 address, IRQ, and DMA settings; IRQ and DMA
1139 should be numbers, or 'auto' (for using detected
1140 settings on that particular port), or 'nofifo'
1141 (to avoid using a FIFO even if it is detected).
1142 Parallel ports are assigned in the order they
1143 are specified on the command line, starting
1146 parport_init_mode= [HW,PPT]
1147 Configure VIA parallel port to operate in
1148 a specific mode. This is necessary on Pegasos
1149 computer where firmware has no options for setting
1150 up parallel port mode and sets it to spp.
1151 Currently this function knows 686a and 8231 chips.
1152 Format: [spp|ps2|epp|ecp|ecpepp]
1154 pas2= [HW,OSS] Format:
1155 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<sb_dma16>
1158 See header of drivers/scsi/pas16.c.
1161 Halt all CPUs after the first oops has been printed for
1162 the specified number of seconds. This is to be used if
1163 your oopses keep scrolling off the screen.
1168 See header of drivers/block/paride/pcd.c.
1169 See also Documentation/paride.txt.
1171 pci=option[,option...] [PCI] various PCI subsystem options:
1172 off [IA-32] don't probe for the PCI bus
1173 bios [IA-32] force use of PCI BIOS, don't access
1174 the hardware directly. Use this if your machine
1175 has a non-standard PCI host bridge.
1176 nobios [IA-32] disallow use of PCI BIOS, only direct
1177 hardware access methods are allowed. Use this
1178 if you experience crashes upon bootup and you
1179 suspect they are caused by the BIOS.
1180 conf1 [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration
1182 conf2 [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration
1184 nommconf [IA-32,X86_64] Disable use of MMCONFIG for PCI
1186 mmconf [IA-32,X86_64] Force MMCONFIG. This is useful
1187 to override the builtin blacklist.
1188 nomsi [MSI] If the PCI_MSI kernel config parameter is
1189 enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to
1190 disable the use of MSI interrupts system-wide.
1191 nosort [IA-32] Don't sort PCI devices according to
1192 order given by the PCI BIOS. This sorting is
1193 done to get a device order compatible with
1195 biosirq [IA-32] Use PCI BIOS calls to get the interrupt
1196 routing table. These calls are known to be buggy
1197 on several machines and they hang the machine
1198 when used, but on other computers it's the only
1199 way to get the interrupt routing table. Try
1200 this option if the kernel is unable to allocate
1201 IRQs or discover secondary PCI buses on your
1203 rom [IA-32] Assign address space to expansion ROMs.
1204 Use with caution as certain devices share
1205 address decoders between ROMs and other
1207 irqmask=0xMMMM [IA-32] Set a bit mask of IRQs allowed to be
1208 assigned automatically to PCI devices. You can
1209 make the kernel exclude IRQs of your ISA cards
1211 pirqaddr=0xAAAAA [IA-32] Specify the physical address
1212 of the PIRQ table (normally generated
1213 by the BIOS) if it is outside the
1214 F0000h-100000h range.
1215 lastbus=N [IA-32] Scan all buses thru bus #N. Can be
1216 useful if the kernel is unable to find your
1217 secondary buses and you want to tell it
1218 explicitly which ones they are.
1219 assign-busses [IA-32] Always assign all PCI bus
1220 numbers ourselves, overriding
1221 whatever the firmware may have done.
1222 usepirqmask [IA-32] Honor the possible IRQ mask stored
1223 in the BIOS $PIR table. This is needed on
1224 some systems with broken BIOSes, notably
1225 some HP Pavilion N5400 and Omnibook XE3
1226 notebooks. This will have no effect if ACPI
1227 IRQ routing is enabled.
1228 noacpi [IA-32] Do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
1229 or for PCI scanning.
1230 routeirq Do IRQ routing for all PCI devices.
1231 This is normally done in pci_enable_device(),
1232 so this option is a temporary workaround
1233 for broken drivers that don't call it.
1234 firmware [ARM] Do not re-enumerate the bus but instead
1235 just use the configuration from the
1236 bootloader. This is currently used on
1237 IXP2000 systems where the bus has to be
1238 configured a certain way for adjunct CPUs.
1240 pcmv= [HW,PCMCIA] BadgePAD 4
1243 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1245 pdcchassis= [PARISC,HW] Disable/Enable PDC Chassis Status codes at
1248 See arch/parisc/kernel/pdc_chassis.c
1251 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1254 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1256 pirq= [SMP,APIC] Manual mp-table setup
1257 See Documentation/i386/IO-APIC.txt.
1259 plip= [PPT,NET] Parallel port network link
1260 Format: { parport<nr> | timid | 0 }
1261 See also Documentation/parport.txt.
1267 { on | off | curr | res | no-curr | no-res }
1270 [ISAPNP] Exclude IRQs for the autoconfiguration
1273 [ISAPNP] Exclude DMAs for the autoconfiguration
1275 pnp_reserve_io= [ISAPNP] Exclude I/O ports for the autoconfiguration
1276 Ranges are in pairs (I/O port base and size).
1279 [ISAPNP] Exclude memory regions for the
1281 Ranges are in pairs (memory base and size).
1283 profile= [KNL] Enable kernel profiling via /proc/profile
1284 Format: [schedule,]<number>
1285 Param: "schedule" - profile schedule points.
1286 Param: <number> - step/bucket size as a power of 2 for
1287 statistical time based profiling.
1289 processor.max_cstate= [HW,ACPI]
1290 Limit processor to maximum C-state
1291 max_cstate=9 overrides any DMI blacklist limit.
1293 processor.nocst [HW,ACPI]
1294 Ignore the _CST method to determine C-states,
1295 instead using the legacy FADT method
1297 prompt_ramdisk= [RAM] List of RAM disks to prompt for floppy disk
1299 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1301 psmouse.proto= [HW,MOUSE] Highest PS2 mouse protocol extension to
1302 probe for; one of (bare|imps|exps|lifebook|any).
1303 psmouse.rate= [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse report rate, in reports
1305 psmouse.resetafter= [HW,MOUSE]
1306 Try to reset the device after so many bad packets
1309 [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse resolution, in dpi.
1310 psmouse.smartscroll=
1311 [HW,MOUSE] Controls Logitech smartscroll autorepeat.
1312 0 = disabled, 1 = enabled (default).
1314 pss= [HW,OSS] Personal Sound System (ECHO ESC614)
1316 <io>,<mss_io>,<mss_irq>,<mss_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1319 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1321 quiet= [KNL] Disable log messages
1326 See Documentation/md.txt.
1328 ramdisk= [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes [deprecated]
1329 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1331 ramdisk_blocksize= [RAM]
1332 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1334 ramdisk_size= [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes
1335 New name for the ramdisk parameter.
1336 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1338 rcu.blimit= [KNL,BOOT] Set maximum number of finished
1339 RCU callbacks to process in one batch.
1341 rcu.qhimark= [KNL,BOOT] Set threshold of queued
1342 RCU callbacks over which batch limiting is disabled.
1344 rcu.qlowmark= [KNL,BOOT] Set threshold of queued
1345 RCU callbacks below which batch limiting is re-enabled.
1347 rcu.rsinterval= [KNL,BOOT,SMP] Set the number of additional
1348 RCU callbacks to queued before forcing reschedule
1353 Run specified binary instead of /init from the ramdisk,
1354 used for early userspace startup. See initrd.
1356 reboot= [BUGS=IA-32,BUGS=ARM,BUGS=IA-64] Rebooting mode
1357 Format: <reboot_mode>[,<reboot_mode2>[,...]]
1358 See arch/*/kernel/reboot.c.
1360 reserve= [KNL,BUGS] Force the kernel to ignore some iomem area
1363 Specify the partition device for software suspend
1365 rhash_entries= [KNL,NET]
1366 Set number of hash buckets for route cache
1368 riscom8= [HW,SERIAL]
1369 Format: <io_board1>[,<io_board2>[,...<io_boardN>]]
1371 ro [KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot
1373 root= [KNL] Root filesystem
1375 rootdelay= [KNL] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to
1376 mount the root filesystem
1378 rootflags= [KNL] Set root filesystem mount option string
1380 rootfstype= [KNL] Set root filesystem type
1382 rw [KNL] Mount root device read-write on boot
1384 S [KNL] Run init in single mode
1387 See drivers/net/irda/sa1100_ir.c.
1390 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
1392 sbni= [NET] Granch SBNI12 leased line adapter
1394 sbpcd= [HW,CD] Soundblaster CD adapter
1396 See a comment before function sbpcd_setup() in
1397 drivers/cdrom/sbpcd.c.
1399 sc1200wdt= [HW,WDT] SC1200 WDT (watchdog) driver
1400 Format: <io>[,<timeout>[,<isapnp>]]
1402 scsi_debug_*= [SCSI]
1403 See drivers/scsi/scsi_debug.c.
1405 scsi_default_dev_flags=
1406 [SCSI] SCSI default device flags
1409 scsi_dev_flags= [SCSI] Black/white list entry for vendor and model
1410 Format: <vendor>:<model>:<flags>
1411 (flags are integer value)
1413 scsi_logging= [SCSI]
1415 selinux [SELINUX] Disable or enable SELinux at boot time.
1416 Format: { "0" | "1" }
1417 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
1420 Default value is set via kernel config option.
1421 If enabled at boot time, /selinux/disable can be used
1422 later to disable prior to initial policy load.
1424 selinux_compat_net =
1425 [SELINUX] Set initial selinux_compat_net flag value.
1426 Format: { "0" | "1" }
1427 0 -- use new secmark-based packet controls
1428 1 -- use legacy packet controls
1429 Default value is 0 (preferred).
1430 Value can be changed at runtime via
1431 /selinux/compat_net.
1433 serialnumber [BUGS=IA-32]
1435 sg_def_reserved_size= [SCSI]
1438 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sgbase>
1441 Maximal number of shapers.
1444 See header of drivers/scsi/sim710.c.
1450 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
1451 See header of drivers/cdrom/sjcd.c.
1456 Format: <io1>[,<io2>[,...,<io8>]]
1458 snd-ad1816a= [HW,ALSA]
1460 snd-ad1848= [HW,ALSA]
1462 snd-ali5451= [HW,ALSA]
1464 snd-als100= [HW,ALSA]
1466 snd-als4000= [HW,ALSA]
1468 snd-azt2320= [HW,ALSA]
1470 snd-cmi8330= [HW,ALSA]
1472 snd-cmipci= [HW,ALSA]
1474 snd-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
1476 snd-cs4232= [HW,ALSA]
1478 snd-cs4236= [HW,ALSA]
1480 snd-cs4281= [HW,ALSA]
1482 snd-cs46xx= [HW,ALSA]
1484 snd-dt019x= [HW,ALSA]
1486 snd-dummy= [HW,ALSA]
1488 snd-emu10k1= [HW,ALSA]
1490 snd-ens1370= [HW,ALSA]
1492 snd-ens1371= [HW,ALSA]
1494 snd-es968= [HW,ALSA]
1496 snd-es1688= [HW,ALSA]
1498 snd-es18xx= [HW,ALSA]
1500 snd-es1938= [HW,ALSA]
1502 snd-es1968= [HW,ALSA]
1504 snd-fm801= [HW,ALSA]
1506 snd-gusclassic= [HW,ALSA]
1508 snd-gusextreme= [HW,ALSA]
1510 snd-gusmax= [HW,ALSA]
1514 snd-ice1712= [HW,ALSA]
1516 snd-intel8x0= [HW,ALSA]
1518 snd-interwave= [HW,ALSA]
1523 snd-korg1212= [HW,ALSA]
1525 snd-maestro3= [HW,ALSA]
1527 snd-mpu401= [HW,ALSA]
1529 snd-mtpav= [HW,ALSA]
1531 snd-nm256= [HW,ALSA]
1533 snd-opl3sa2= [HW,ALSA]
1541 snd-opti93x= [HW,ALSA]
1545 snd-rme32= [HW,ALSA]
1547 snd-rme96= [HW,ALSA]
1549 snd-rme9652= [HW,ALSA]
1555 snd-sbawe= [HW,ALSA]
1557 snd-serial= [HW,ALSA]
1559 snd-sgalaxy= [HW,ALSA]
1561 snd-sonicvibes= [HW,ALSA]
1566 snd-sun-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
1568 snd-trident= [HW,ALSA]
1570 snd-usb-audio= [HW,ALSA,USB]
1572 snd-via82xx= [HW,ALSA]
1574 snd-virmidi= [HW,ALSA]
1576 snd-wavefront= [HW,ALSA]
1578 snd-ymfpci= [HW,ALSA]
1580 sonicvibes= [HW,OSS]
1584 Format: <io>[,<irq>]
1586 sonypi.*= [HW] Sony Programmable I/O Control Device driver
1587 See Documentation/sonypi.txt
1589 specialix= [HW,SERIAL] Specialix multi-serial port adapter
1590 See Documentation/specialix.txt.
1592 spia_io_base= [HW,MTD]
1598 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1600 st= [HW,SCSI] SCSI tape parameters (buffers, etc.)
1601 See Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1604 See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.
1608 Set the STI (builtin display/keyboard on the HP-PARISC
1609 machines) console (graphic card) which should be used
1610 as the initial boot-console.
1611 See also comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1614 See comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1617 Format: bpp:<bpp1>[:<bpp2>[:<bpp3>...]]
1619 swiotlb= [IA-64] Number of I/O TLB slabs
1623 sym53c416= [HW,SCSI]
1624 See header of drivers/scsi/sym53c416.c.
1627 See header of drivers/scsi/t128.c.
1631 thash_entries= [KNL,NET]
1632 Set number of hash buckets for TCP connection
1634 time Show timing data prefixed to each printk message line
1636 clocksource= [GENERIC_TIME] Override the default clocksource
1637 Override the default clocksource and use the clocksource
1638 with the name specified.
1640 tipar.timeout= [HW,PPT]
1641 Set communications timeout in tenths of a second
1644 tipar.delay= [HW,PPT]
1645 Set inter-bit delay in microseconds (default 10).
1648 See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.
1651 See comment before function dc390_setup() in
1652 drivers/scsi/tmscsim.c.
1656 trix= [HW,OSS] MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro
1658 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1660 tsdev.xres= [TS] Horizontal screen resolution.
1661 tsdev.yres= [TS] Vertical screen resolution.
1663 turbografx.map[2|3]= [HW,JOY]
1664 TurboGraFX parallel port interface
1666 <port#>,<js1>,<js2>,<js3>,<js4>,<js5>,<js6>,<js7>
1667 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
1669 u14-34f= [HW,SCSI] UltraStor 14F/34F SCSI host adapter
1670 See header of drivers/scsi/u14-34f.c.
1679 [USBHID] The interval which mice are to be polled at.
1682 vdso=1: enable VDSO (default)
1683 vdso=0: disable VDSO mapping
1685 video= [FB] Frame buffer configuration
1686 See Documentation/fb/modedb.txt.
1688 vga= [BOOT,IA-32] Select a particular video mode
1689 See Documentation/i386/boot.txt and
1690 Documentation/svga.txt.
1691 Use vga=ask for menu.
1692 This is actually a boot loader parameter; the value is
1693 passed to the kernel using a special protocol.
1695 vmalloc=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Forces the vmalloc area to have an exact
1696 size of <nn>. This can be used to increase the
1697 minimum size (128MB on x86). It can also be used to
1698 decrease the size and leave more room for directly
1701 vmhalt= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after system halt.
1704 vmpanic= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after kernel panic.
1707 vmpoff= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after power off.
1710 waveartist= [HW,OSS]
1711 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
1714 See header of drivers/scsi/wd33c93.c.
1717 See header of drivers/scsi/wd7000.c.
1720 See Documentation/watchdog/watchdog.txt.
1722 xd= [HW,XT] Original XT pre-IDE (RLL encoded) disks.
1723 xd_geo= See header of drivers/block/xd.c.
1725 xirc2ps_cs= [NET,PCMCIA]
1727 <irq>,<irq_mask>,<io>,<full_duplex>,<do_sound>,<lockup_hack>[,<irq2>[,<irq3>[,<irq4>]]]
1729 norandmaps Don't use address space randomization
1730 Equivalent to echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space
1733 ______________________________________________________________________
1737 Add documentation for ALSA options.
1738 Add more DRM drivers.