Merge branch 'upstream' of git://git.linux-mips.org/pub/scm/upstream-linus
[linux-btrfs-devel.git] / drivers / acpi / acpica / nsrepair2.c
blob024c4f263f872fc550567e56a5d4a32c369071de
1 /******************************************************************************
3 * Module Name: nsrepair2 - Repair for objects returned by specific
4 * predefined methods
6 *****************************************************************************/
8 /*
9 * Copyright (C) 2000 - 2011, Intel Corp.
10 * All rights reserved.
12 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
13 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
14 * are met:
15 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
16 * notice, this list of conditions, and the following disclaimer,
17 * without modification.
18 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce at minimum a disclaimer
19 * substantially similar to the "NO WARRANTY" disclaimer below
20 * ("Disclaimer") and any redistribution must be conditioned upon
21 * including a substantially similar Disclaimer requirement for further
22 * binary redistribution.
23 * 3. Neither the names of the above-listed copyright holders nor the names
24 * of any contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
25 * from this software without specific prior written permission.
27 * Alternatively, this software may be distributed under the terms of the
28 * GNU General Public License ("GPL") version 2 as published by the Free
29 * Software Foundation.
31 * NO WARRANTY
32 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
33 * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
34 * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY AND FITNESS FOR
35 * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
36 * HOLDERS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
37 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
38 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
39 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
40 * STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
41 * IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
42 * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
45 #include <acpi/acpi.h>
46 #include "accommon.h"
47 #include "acnamesp.h"
49 #define _COMPONENT ACPI_NAMESPACE
50 ACPI_MODULE_NAME("nsrepair2")
53 * Information structure and handler for ACPI predefined names that can
54 * be repaired on a per-name basis.
56 typedef
57 acpi_status(*acpi_repair_function) (struct acpi_predefined_data *data,
58 union acpi_operand_object **return_object_ptr);
60 typedef struct acpi_repair_info {
61 char name[ACPI_NAME_SIZE];
62 acpi_repair_function repair_function;
64 } acpi_repair_info;
66 /* Local prototypes */
68 static const struct acpi_repair_info *acpi_ns_match_repairable_name(struct
69 acpi_namespace_node
70 *node);
72 static acpi_status
73 acpi_ns_repair_ALR(struct acpi_predefined_data *data,
74 union acpi_operand_object **return_object_ptr);
76 static acpi_status
77 acpi_ns_repair_CID(struct acpi_predefined_data *data,
78 union acpi_operand_object **return_object_ptr);
80 static acpi_status
81 acpi_ns_repair_FDE(struct acpi_predefined_data *data,
82 union acpi_operand_object **return_object_ptr);
84 static acpi_status
85 acpi_ns_repair_HID(struct acpi_predefined_data *data,
86 union acpi_operand_object **return_object_ptr);
88 static acpi_status
89 acpi_ns_repair_PSS(struct acpi_predefined_data *data,
90 union acpi_operand_object **return_object_ptr);
92 static acpi_status
93 acpi_ns_repair_TSS(struct acpi_predefined_data *data,
94 union acpi_operand_object **return_object_ptr);
96 static acpi_status
97 acpi_ns_check_sorted_list(struct acpi_predefined_data *data,
98 union acpi_operand_object *return_object,
99 u32 expected_count,
100 u32 sort_index,
101 u8 sort_direction, char *sort_key_name);
103 static void
104 acpi_ns_sort_list(union acpi_operand_object **elements,
105 u32 count, u32 index, u8 sort_direction);
107 /* Values for sort_direction above */
109 #define ACPI_SORT_ASCENDING 0
110 #define ACPI_SORT_DESCENDING 1
113 * This table contains the names of the predefined methods for which we can
114 * perform more complex repairs.
116 * As necessary:
118 * _ALR: Sort the list ascending by ambient_illuminance
119 * _CID: Strings: uppercase all, remove any leading asterisk
120 * _FDE: Convert Buffer of BYTEs to a Buffer of DWORDs
121 * _GTM: Convert Buffer of BYTEs to a Buffer of DWORDs
122 * _HID: Strings: uppercase all, remove any leading asterisk
123 * _PSS: Sort the list descending by Power
124 * _TSS: Sort the list descending by Power
126 * Names that must be packages, but cannot be sorted:
128 * _BCL: Values are tied to the Package index where they appear, and cannot
129 * be moved or sorted. These index values are used for _BQC and _BCM.
130 * However, we can fix the case where a buffer is returned, by converting
131 * it to a Package of integers.
133 static const struct acpi_repair_info acpi_ns_repairable_names[] = {
134 {"_ALR", acpi_ns_repair_ALR},
135 {"_CID", acpi_ns_repair_CID},
136 {"_FDE", acpi_ns_repair_FDE},
137 {"_GTM", acpi_ns_repair_FDE}, /* _GTM has same repair as _FDE */
138 {"_HID", acpi_ns_repair_HID},
139 {"_PSS", acpi_ns_repair_PSS},
140 {"_TSS", acpi_ns_repair_TSS},
141 {{0, 0, 0, 0}, NULL} /* Table terminator */
144 #define ACPI_FDE_FIELD_COUNT 5
145 #define ACPI_FDE_BYTE_BUFFER_SIZE 5
146 #define ACPI_FDE_DWORD_BUFFER_SIZE (ACPI_FDE_FIELD_COUNT * sizeof (u32))
148 /******************************************************************************
150 * FUNCTION: acpi_ns_complex_repairs
152 * PARAMETERS: Data - Pointer to validation data structure
153 * Node - Namespace node for the method/object
154 * validate_status - Original status of earlier validation
155 * return_object_ptr - Pointer to the object returned from the
156 * evaluation of a method or object
158 * RETURN: Status. AE_OK if repair was successful. If name is not
159 * matched, validate_status is returned.
161 * DESCRIPTION: Attempt to repair/convert a return object of a type that was
162 * not expected.
164 *****************************************************************************/
166 acpi_status
167 acpi_ns_complex_repairs(struct acpi_predefined_data *data,
168 struct acpi_namespace_node *node,
169 acpi_status validate_status,
170 union acpi_operand_object **return_object_ptr)
172 const struct acpi_repair_info *predefined;
173 acpi_status status;
175 /* Check if this name is in the list of repairable names */
177 predefined = acpi_ns_match_repairable_name(node);
178 if (!predefined) {
179 return (validate_status);
182 status = predefined->repair_function(data, return_object_ptr);
183 return (status);
186 /******************************************************************************
188 * FUNCTION: acpi_ns_match_repairable_name
190 * PARAMETERS: Node - Namespace node for the method/object
192 * RETURN: Pointer to entry in repair table. NULL indicates not found.
194 * DESCRIPTION: Check an object name against the repairable object list.
196 *****************************************************************************/
198 static const struct acpi_repair_info *acpi_ns_match_repairable_name(struct
199 acpi_namespace_node
200 *node)
202 const struct acpi_repair_info *this_name;
204 /* Search info table for a repairable predefined method/object name */
206 this_name = acpi_ns_repairable_names;
207 while (this_name->repair_function) {
208 if (ACPI_COMPARE_NAME(node->name.ascii, this_name->name)) {
209 return (this_name);
211 this_name++;
214 return (NULL); /* Not found */
217 /******************************************************************************
219 * FUNCTION: acpi_ns_repair_ALR
221 * PARAMETERS: Data - Pointer to validation data structure
222 * return_object_ptr - Pointer to the object returned from the
223 * evaluation of a method or object
225 * RETURN: Status. AE_OK if object is OK or was repaired successfully
227 * DESCRIPTION: Repair for the _ALR object. If necessary, sort the object list
228 * ascending by the ambient illuminance values.
230 *****************************************************************************/
232 static acpi_status
233 acpi_ns_repair_ALR(struct acpi_predefined_data *data,
234 union acpi_operand_object **return_object_ptr)
236 union acpi_operand_object *return_object = *return_object_ptr;
237 acpi_status status;
239 status = acpi_ns_check_sorted_list(data, return_object, 2, 1,
240 ACPI_SORT_ASCENDING,
241 "AmbientIlluminance");
243 return (status);
246 /******************************************************************************
248 * FUNCTION: acpi_ns_repair_FDE
250 * PARAMETERS: Data - Pointer to validation data structure
251 * return_object_ptr - Pointer to the object returned from the
252 * evaluation of a method or object
254 * RETURN: Status. AE_OK if object is OK or was repaired successfully
256 * DESCRIPTION: Repair for the _FDE and _GTM objects. The expected return
257 * value is a Buffer of 5 DWORDs. This function repairs a common
258 * problem where the return value is a Buffer of BYTEs, not
259 * DWORDs.
261 *****************************************************************************/
263 static acpi_status
264 acpi_ns_repair_FDE(struct acpi_predefined_data *data,
265 union acpi_operand_object **return_object_ptr)
267 union acpi_operand_object *return_object = *return_object_ptr;
268 union acpi_operand_object *buffer_object;
269 u8 *byte_buffer;
270 u32 *dword_buffer;
271 u32 i;
273 ACPI_FUNCTION_NAME(ns_repair_FDE);
275 switch (return_object->common.type) {
276 case ACPI_TYPE_BUFFER:
278 /* This is the expected type. Length should be (at least) 5 DWORDs */
280 if (return_object->buffer.length >= ACPI_FDE_DWORD_BUFFER_SIZE) {
281 return (AE_OK);
284 /* We can only repair if we have exactly 5 BYTEs */
286 if (return_object->buffer.length != ACPI_FDE_BYTE_BUFFER_SIZE) {
287 ACPI_WARN_PREDEFINED((AE_INFO, data->pathname,
288 data->node_flags,
289 "Incorrect return buffer length %u, expected %u",
290 return_object->buffer.length,
291 ACPI_FDE_DWORD_BUFFER_SIZE));
293 return (AE_AML_OPERAND_TYPE);
296 /* Create the new (larger) buffer object */
298 buffer_object =
299 acpi_ut_create_buffer_object(ACPI_FDE_DWORD_BUFFER_SIZE);
300 if (!buffer_object) {
301 return (AE_NO_MEMORY);
304 /* Expand each byte to a DWORD */
306 byte_buffer = return_object->buffer.pointer;
307 dword_buffer =
308 ACPI_CAST_PTR(u32, buffer_object->buffer.pointer);
310 for (i = 0; i < ACPI_FDE_FIELD_COUNT; i++) {
311 *dword_buffer = (u32) *byte_buffer;
312 dword_buffer++;
313 byte_buffer++;
316 ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT((ACPI_DB_REPAIR,
317 "%s Expanded Byte Buffer to expected DWord Buffer\n",
318 data->pathname));
319 break;
321 default:
322 return (AE_AML_OPERAND_TYPE);
325 /* Delete the original return object, return the new buffer object */
327 acpi_ut_remove_reference(return_object);
328 *return_object_ptr = buffer_object;
330 data->flags |= ACPI_OBJECT_REPAIRED;
331 return (AE_OK);
334 /******************************************************************************
336 * FUNCTION: acpi_ns_repair_CID
338 * PARAMETERS: Data - Pointer to validation data structure
339 * return_object_ptr - Pointer to the object returned from the
340 * evaluation of a method or object
342 * RETURN: Status. AE_OK if object is OK or was repaired successfully
344 * DESCRIPTION: Repair for the _CID object. If a string, ensure that all
345 * letters are uppercase and that there is no leading asterisk.
346 * If a Package, ensure same for all string elements.
348 *****************************************************************************/
350 static acpi_status
351 acpi_ns_repair_CID(struct acpi_predefined_data *data,
352 union acpi_operand_object **return_object_ptr)
354 acpi_status status;
355 union acpi_operand_object *return_object = *return_object_ptr;
356 union acpi_operand_object **element_ptr;
357 union acpi_operand_object *original_element;
358 u16 original_ref_count;
359 u32 i;
361 /* Check for _CID as a simple string */
363 if (return_object->common.type == ACPI_TYPE_STRING) {
364 status = acpi_ns_repair_HID(data, return_object_ptr);
365 return (status);
368 /* Exit if not a Package */
370 if (return_object->common.type != ACPI_TYPE_PACKAGE) {
371 return (AE_OK);
374 /* Examine each element of the _CID package */
376 element_ptr = return_object->package.elements;
377 for (i = 0; i < return_object->package.count; i++) {
378 original_element = *element_ptr;
379 original_ref_count = original_element->common.reference_count;
381 status = acpi_ns_repair_HID(data, element_ptr);
382 if (ACPI_FAILURE(status)) {
383 return (status);
386 /* Take care with reference counts */
388 if (original_element != *element_ptr) {
390 /* Element was replaced */
392 (*element_ptr)->common.reference_count =
393 original_ref_count;
395 acpi_ut_remove_reference(original_element);
398 element_ptr++;
401 return (AE_OK);
404 /******************************************************************************
406 * FUNCTION: acpi_ns_repair_HID
408 * PARAMETERS: Data - Pointer to validation data structure
409 * return_object_ptr - Pointer to the object returned from the
410 * evaluation of a method or object
412 * RETURN: Status. AE_OK if object is OK or was repaired successfully
414 * DESCRIPTION: Repair for the _HID object. If a string, ensure that all
415 * letters are uppercase and that there is no leading asterisk.
417 *****************************************************************************/
419 static acpi_status
420 acpi_ns_repair_HID(struct acpi_predefined_data *data,
421 union acpi_operand_object **return_object_ptr)
423 union acpi_operand_object *return_object = *return_object_ptr;
424 union acpi_operand_object *new_string;
425 char *source;
426 char *dest;
428 ACPI_FUNCTION_NAME(ns_repair_HID);
430 /* We only care about string _HID objects (not integers) */
432 if (return_object->common.type != ACPI_TYPE_STRING) {
433 return (AE_OK);
436 if (return_object->string.length == 0) {
437 ACPI_WARN_PREDEFINED((AE_INFO, data->pathname, data->node_flags,
438 "Invalid zero-length _HID or _CID string"));
440 /* Return AE_OK anyway, let driver handle it */
442 data->flags |= ACPI_OBJECT_REPAIRED;
443 return (AE_OK);
446 /* It is simplest to always create a new string object */
448 new_string = acpi_ut_create_string_object(return_object->string.length);
449 if (!new_string) {
450 return (AE_NO_MEMORY);
454 * Remove a leading asterisk if present. For some unknown reason, there
455 * are many machines in the field that contains IDs like this.
457 * Examples: "*PNP0C03", "*ACPI0003"
459 source = return_object->string.pointer;
460 if (*source == '*') {
461 source++;
462 new_string->string.length--;
464 ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT((ACPI_DB_REPAIR,
465 "%s: Removed invalid leading asterisk\n",
466 data->pathname));
470 * Copy and uppercase the string. From the ACPI specification:
472 * A valid PNP ID must be of the form "AAA####" where A is an uppercase
473 * letter and # is a hex digit. A valid ACPI ID must be of the form
474 * "ACPI####" where # is a hex digit.
476 for (dest = new_string->string.pointer; *source; dest++, source++) {
477 *dest = (char)ACPI_TOUPPER(*source);
480 acpi_ut_remove_reference(return_object);
481 *return_object_ptr = new_string;
482 return (AE_OK);
485 /******************************************************************************
487 * FUNCTION: acpi_ns_repair_TSS
489 * PARAMETERS: Data - Pointer to validation data structure
490 * return_object_ptr - Pointer to the object returned from the
491 * evaluation of a method or object
493 * RETURN: Status. AE_OK if object is OK or was repaired successfully
495 * DESCRIPTION: Repair for the _TSS object. If necessary, sort the object list
496 * descending by the power dissipation values.
498 *****************************************************************************/
500 static acpi_status
501 acpi_ns_repair_TSS(struct acpi_predefined_data *data,
502 union acpi_operand_object **return_object_ptr)
504 union acpi_operand_object *return_object = *return_object_ptr;
505 acpi_status status;
506 struct acpi_namespace_node *node;
509 * We can only sort the _TSS return package if there is no _PSS in the
510 * same scope. This is because if _PSS is present, the ACPI specification
511 * dictates that the _TSS Power Dissipation field is to be ignored, and
512 * therefore some BIOSs leave garbage values in the _TSS Power field(s).
513 * In this case, it is best to just return the _TSS package as-is.
514 * (May, 2011)
516 status =
517 acpi_ns_get_node(data->node, "^_PSS", ACPI_NS_NO_UPSEARCH, &node);
518 if (ACPI_SUCCESS(status)) {
519 return (AE_OK);
522 status = acpi_ns_check_sorted_list(data, return_object, 5, 1,
523 ACPI_SORT_DESCENDING,
524 "PowerDissipation");
526 return (status);
529 /******************************************************************************
531 * FUNCTION: acpi_ns_repair_PSS
533 * PARAMETERS: Data - Pointer to validation data structure
534 * return_object_ptr - Pointer to the object returned from the
535 * evaluation of a method or object
537 * RETURN: Status. AE_OK if object is OK or was repaired successfully
539 * DESCRIPTION: Repair for the _PSS object. If necessary, sort the object list
540 * by the CPU frequencies. Check that the power dissipation values
541 * are all proportional to CPU frequency (i.e., sorting by
542 * frequency should be the same as sorting by power.)
544 *****************************************************************************/
546 static acpi_status
547 acpi_ns_repair_PSS(struct acpi_predefined_data *data,
548 union acpi_operand_object **return_object_ptr)
550 union acpi_operand_object *return_object = *return_object_ptr;
551 union acpi_operand_object **outer_elements;
552 u32 outer_element_count;
553 union acpi_operand_object **elements;
554 union acpi_operand_object *obj_desc;
555 u32 previous_value;
556 acpi_status status;
557 u32 i;
560 * Entries (sub-packages) in the _PSS Package must be sorted by power
561 * dissipation, in descending order. If it appears that the list is
562 * incorrectly sorted, sort it. We sort by cpu_frequency, since this
563 * should be proportional to the power.
565 status = acpi_ns_check_sorted_list(data, return_object, 6, 0,
566 ACPI_SORT_DESCENDING,
567 "CpuFrequency");
568 if (ACPI_FAILURE(status)) {
569 return (status);
573 * We now know the list is correctly sorted by CPU frequency. Check if
574 * the power dissipation values are proportional.
576 previous_value = ACPI_UINT32_MAX;
577 outer_elements = return_object->package.elements;
578 outer_element_count = return_object->package.count;
580 for (i = 0; i < outer_element_count; i++) {
581 elements = (*outer_elements)->package.elements;
582 obj_desc = elements[1]; /* Index1 = power_dissipation */
584 if ((u32) obj_desc->integer.value > previous_value) {
585 ACPI_WARN_PREDEFINED((AE_INFO, data->pathname,
586 data->node_flags,
587 "SubPackage[%u,%u] - suspicious power dissipation values",
588 i - 1, i));
591 previous_value = (u32) obj_desc->integer.value;
592 outer_elements++;
595 return (AE_OK);
598 /******************************************************************************
600 * FUNCTION: acpi_ns_check_sorted_list
602 * PARAMETERS: Data - Pointer to validation data structure
603 * return_object - Pointer to the top-level returned object
604 * expected_count - Minimum length of each sub-package
605 * sort_index - Sub-package entry to sort on
606 * sort_direction - Ascending or descending
607 * sort_key_name - Name of the sort_index field
609 * RETURN: Status. AE_OK if the list is valid and is sorted correctly or
610 * has been repaired by sorting the list.
612 * DESCRIPTION: Check if the package list is valid and sorted correctly by the
613 * sort_index. If not, then sort the list.
615 *****************************************************************************/
617 static acpi_status
618 acpi_ns_check_sorted_list(struct acpi_predefined_data *data,
619 union acpi_operand_object *return_object,
620 u32 expected_count,
621 u32 sort_index,
622 u8 sort_direction, char *sort_key_name)
624 u32 outer_element_count;
625 union acpi_operand_object **outer_elements;
626 union acpi_operand_object **elements;
627 union acpi_operand_object *obj_desc;
628 u32 i;
629 u32 previous_value;
631 ACPI_FUNCTION_NAME(ns_check_sorted_list);
633 /* The top-level object must be a package */
635 if (return_object->common.type != ACPI_TYPE_PACKAGE) {
636 return (AE_AML_OPERAND_TYPE);
640 * NOTE: assumes list of sub-packages contains no NULL elements.
641 * Any NULL elements should have been removed by earlier call
642 * to acpi_ns_remove_null_elements.
644 outer_elements = return_object->package.elements;
645 outer_element_count = return_object->package.count;
646 if (!outer_element_count) {
647 return (AE_AML_PACKAGE_LIMIT);
650 previous_value = 0;
651 if (sort_direction == ACPI_SORT_DESCENDING) {
652 previous_value = ACPI_UINT32_MAX;
655 /* Examine each subpackage */
657 for (i = 0; i < outer_element_count; i++) {
659 /* Each element of the top-level package must also be a package */
661 if ((*outer_elements)->common.type != ACPI_TYPE_PACKAGE) {
662 return (AE_AML_OPERAND_TYPE);
665 /* Each sub-package must have the minimum length */
667 if ((*outer_elements)->package.count < expected_count) {
668 return (AE_AML_PACKAGE_LIMIT);
671 elements = (*outer_elements)->package.elements;
672 obj_desc = elements[sort_index];
674 if (obj_desc->common.type != ACPI_TYPE_INTEGER) {
675 return (AE_AML_OPERAND_TYPE);
679 * The list must be sorted in the specified order. If we detect a
680 * discrepancy, sort the entire list.
682 if (((sort_direction == ACPI_SORT_ASCENDING) &&
683 (obj_desc->integer.value < previous_value)) ||
684 ((sort_direction == ACPI_SORT_DESCENDING) &&
685 (obj_desc->integer.value > previous_value))) {
686 acpi_ns_sort_list(return_object->package.elements,
687 outer_element_count, sort_index,
688 sort_direction);
690 data->flags |= ACPI_OBJECT_REPAIRED;
692 ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT((ACPI_DB_REPAIR,
693 "%s: Repaired unsorted list - now sorted by %s\n",
694 data->pathname, sort_key_name));
695 return (AE_OK);
698 previous_value = (u32) obj_desc->integer.value;
699 outer_elements++;
702 return (AE_OK);
705 /******************************************************************************
707 * FUNCTION: acpi_ns_sort_list
709 * PARAMETERS: Elements - Package object element list
710 * Count - Element count for above
711 * Index - Sort by which package element
712 * sort_direction - Ascending or Descending sort
714 * RETURN: None
716 * DESCRIPTION: Sort the objects that are in a package element list.
718 * NOTE: Assumes that all NULL elements have been removed from the package,
719 * and that all elements have been verified to be of type Integer.
721 *****************************************************************************/
723 static void
724 acpi_ns_sort_list(union acpi_operand_object **elements,
725 u32 count, u32 index, u8 sort_direction)
727 union acpi_operand_object *obj_desc1;
728 union acpi_operand_object *obj_desc2;
729 union acpi_operand_object *temp_obj;
730 u32 i;
731 u32 j;
733 /* Simple bubble sort */
735 for (i = 1; i < count; i++) {
736 for (j = (count - 1); j >= i; j--) {
737 obj_desc1 = elements[j - 1]->package.elements[index];
738 obj_desc2 = elements[j]->package.elements[index];
740 if (((sort_direction == ACPI_SORT_ASCENDING) &&
741 (obj_desc1->integer.value >
742 obj_desc2->integer.value))
743 || ((sort_direction == ACPI_SORT_DESCENDING)
744 && (obj_desc1->integer.value <
745 obj_desc2->integer.value))) {
746 temp_obj = elements[j - 1];
747 elements[j - 1] = elements[j];
748 elements[j] = temp_obj;