1 Generic Thermal Sysfs driver How To
2 ===================================
4 Written by Sujith Thomas <sujith.thomas@intel.com>, Zhang Rui <rui.zhang@intel.com>
6 Updated: 2 January 2008
8 Copyright (c) 2008 Intel Corporation
13 The generic thermal sysfs provides a set of interfaces for thermal zone
14 devices (sensors) and thermal cooling devices (fan, processor...) to register
15 with the thermal management solution and to be a part of it.
17 This how-to focuses on enabling new thermal zone and cooling devices to
18 participate in thermal management.
19 This solution is platform independent and any type of thermal zone devices
20 and cooling devices should be able to make use of the infrastructure.
22 The main task of the thermal sysfs driver is to expose thermal zone attributes
23 as well as cooling device attributes to the user space.
24 An intelligent thermal management application can make decisions based on
25 inputs from thermal zone attributes (the current temperature and trip point
26 temperature) and throttle appropriate devices.
28 [0-*] denotes any positive number starting from 0
29 [1-*] denotes any positive number starting from 1
31 1. thermal sysfs driver interface functions
33 1.1 thermal zone device interface
34 1.1.1 struct thermal_zone_device *thermal_zone_device_register(char *type,
35 int trips, int mask, void *devdata,
36 struct thermal_zone_device_ops *ops,
37 const struct thermal_zone_params *tzp,
38 int passive_delay, int polling_delay))
40 This interface function adds a new thermal zone device (sensor) to
41 /sys/class/thermal folder as thermal_zone[0-*]. It tries to bind all the
42 thermal cooling devices registered at the same time.
44 type: the thermal zone type.
45 trips: the total number of trip points this thermal zone supports.
46 mask: Bit string: If 'n'th bit is set, then trip point 'n' is writeable.
47 devdata: device private data
48 ops: thermal zone device call-backs.
49 .bind: bind the thermal zone device with a thermal cooling device.
50 .unbind: unbind the thermal zone device with a thermal cooling device.
51 .get_temp: get the current temperature of the thermal zone.
52 .get_mode: get the current mode (enabled/disabled) of the thermal zone.
53 - "enabled" means the kernel thermal management is enabled.
54 - "disabled" will prevent kernel thermal driver action upon trip points
55 so that user applications can take charge of thermal management.
56 .set_mode: set the mode (enabled/disabled) of the thermal zone.
57 .get_trip_type: get the type of certain trip point.
58 .get_trip_temp: get the temperature above which the certain trip point
60 .set_emul_temp: set the emulation temperature which helps in debugging
61 different threshold temperature points.
62 tzp: thermal zone platform parameters.
63 passive_delay: number of milliseconds to wait between polls when
64 performing passive cooling.
65 polling_delay: number of milliseconds to wait between polls when checking
66 whether trip points have been crossed (0 for interrupt driven systems).
69 1.1.2 void thermal_zone_device_unregister(struct thermal_zone_device *tz)
71 This interface function removes the thermal zone device.
72 It deletes the corresponding entry form /sys/class/thermal folder and
73 unbind all the thermal cooling devices it uses.
75 1.2 thermal cooling device interface
76 1.2.1 struct thermal_cooling_device *thermal_cooling_device_register(char *name,
77 void *devdata, struct thermal_cooling_device_ops *)
79 This interface function adds a new thermal cooling device (fan/processor/...)
80 to /sys/class/thermal/ folder as cooling_device[0-*]. It tries to bind itself
81 to all the thermal zone devices register at the same time.
82 name: the cooling device name.
83 devdata: device private data.
84 ops: thermal cooling devices call-backs.
85 .get_max_state: get the Maximum throttle state of the cooling device.
86 .get_cur_state: get the Current throttle state of the cooling device.
87 .set_cur_state: set the Current throttle state of the cooling device.
89 1.2.2 void thermal_cooling_device_unregister(struct thermal_cooling_device *cdev)
91 This interface function remove the thermal cooling device.
92 It deletes the corresponding entry form /sys/class/thermal folder and
93 unbind itself from all the thermal zone devices using it.
95 1.3 interface for binding a thermal zone device with a thermal cooling device
96 1.3.1 int thermal_zone_bind_cooling_device(struct thermal_zone_device *tz,
97 int trip, struct thermal_cooling_device *cdev,
98 unsigned long upper, unsigned long lower, unsigned int weight);
100 This interface function bind a thermal cooling device to the certain trip
101 point of a thermal zone device.
102 This function is usually called in the thermal zone device .bind callback.
103 tz: the thermal zone device
104 cdev: thermal cooling device
105 trip: indicates which trip point the cooling devices is associated with
106 in this thermal zone.
107 upper:the Maximum cooling state for this trip point.
108 THERMAL_NO_LIMIT means no upper limit,
109 and the cooling device can be in max_state.
110 lower:the Minimum cooling state can be used for this trip point.
111 THERMAL_NO_LIMIT means no lower limit,
112 and the cooling device can be in cooling state 0.
113 weight: the influence of this cooling device in this thermal
114 zone. See 1.4.1 below for more information.
116 1.3.2 int thermal_zone_unbind_cooling_device(struct thermal_zone_device *tz,
117 int trip, struct thermal_cooling_device *cdev);
119 This interface function unbind a thermal cooling device from the certain
120 trip point of a thermal zone device. This function is usually called in
121 the thermal zone device .unbind callback.
122 tz: the thermal zone device
123 cdev: thermal cooling device
124 trip: indicates which trip point the cooling devices is associated with
125 in this thermal zone.
127 1.4 Thermal Zone Parameters
128 1.4.1 struct thermal_bind_params
129 This structure defines the following parameters that are used to bind
130 a zone with a cooling device for a particular trip point.
131 .cdev: The cooling device pointer
132 .weight: The 'influence' of a particular cooling device on this
133 zone. This is relative to the rest of the cooling
134 devices. For example, if all cooling devices have a
135 weight of 1, then they all contribute the same. You can
136 use percentages if you want, but it's not mandatory. A
137 weight of 0 means that this cooling device doesn't
138 contribute to the cooling of this zone unless all cooling
139 devices have a weight of 0. If all weights are 0, then
140 they all contribute the same.
141 .trip_mask:This is a bit mask that gives the binding relation between
142 this thermal zone and cdev, for a particular trip point.
143 If nth bit is set, then the cdev and thermal zone are bound
145 .limits: This is an array of cooling state limits. Must have exactly
146 2 * thermal_zone.number_of_trip_points. It is an array consisting
147 of tuples <lower-state upper-state> of state limits. Each trip
148 will be associated with one state limit tuple when binding.
149 A NULL pointer means <THERMAL_NO_LIMITS THERMAL_NO_LIMITS>
150 on all trips. These limits are used when binding a cdev to a
152 .match: This call back returns success(0) if the 'tz and cdev' need to
153 be bound, as per platform data.
154 1.4.2 struct thermal_zone_params
155 This structure defines the platform level parameters for a thermal zone.
156 This data, for each thermal zone should come from the platform layer.
157 This is an optional feature where some platforms can choose not to
159 .governor_name: Name of the thermal governor used for this zone
160 .no_hwmon: a boolean to indicate if the thermal to hwmon sysfs interface
161 is required. when no_hwmon == false, a hwmon sysfs interface
162 will be created. when no_hwmon == true, nothing will be done.
163 In case the thermal_zone_params is NULL, the hwmon interface
164 will be created (for backward compatibility).
165 .num_tbps: Number of thermal_bind_params entries for this zone
166 .tbp: thermal_bind_params entries
168 2. sysfs attributes structure
173 Thermal sysfs attributes will be represented under /sys/class/thermal.
174 Hwmon sysfs I/F extension is also available under /sys/class/hwmon
175 if hwmon is compiled in or built as a module.
177 Thermal zone device sys I/F, created once it's registered:
178 /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone[0-*]:
179 |---type: Type of the thermal zone
180 |---temp: Current temperature
181 |---mode: Working mode of the thermal zone
182 |---policy: Thermal governor used for this zone
183 |---available_policies: Available thermal governors for this zone
184 |---trip_point_[0-*]_temp: Trip point temperature
185 |---trip_point_[0-*]_type: Trip point type
186 |---trip_point_[0-*]_hyst: Hysteresis value for this trip point
187 |---emul_temp: Emulated temperature set node
188 |---sustainable_power: Sustainable dissipatable power
189 |---k_po: Proportional term during temperature overshoot
190 |---k_pu: Proportional term during temperature undershoot
191 |---k_i: PID's integral term in the power allocator gov
192 |---k_d: PID's derivative term in the power allocator
193 |---integral_cutoff: Offset above which errors are accumulated
194 |---slope: Slope constant applied as linear extrapolation
195 |---offset: Offset constant applied as linear extrapolation
197 Thermal cooling device sys I/F, created once it's registered:
198 /sys/class/thermal/cooling_device[0-*]:
199 |---type: Type of the cooling device(processor/fan/...)
200 |---max_state: Maximum cooling state of the cooling device
201 |---cur_state: Current cooling state of the cooling device
204 Then next two dynamic attributes are created/removed in pairs. They represent
205 the relationship between a thermal zone and its associated cooling device.
206 They are created/removed for each successful execution of
207 thermal_zone_bind_cooling_device/thermal_zone_unbind_cooling_device.
209 /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone[0-*]:
210 |---cdev[0-*]: [0-*]th cooling device in current thermal zone
211 |---cdev[0-*]_trip_point: Trip point that cdev[0-*] is associated with
212 |---cdev[0-*]_weight: Influence of the cooling device in
215 Besides the thermal zone device sysfs I/F and cooling device sysfs I/F,
216 the generic thermal driver also creates a hwmon sysfs I/F for each _type_
217 of thermal zone device. E.g. the generic thermal driver registers one hwmon
218 class device and build the associated hwmon sysfs I/F for all the registered
221 /sys/class/hwmon/hwmon[0-*]:
222 |---name: The type of the thermal zone devices
223 |---temp[1-*]_input: The current temperature of thermal zone [1-*]
224 |---temp[1-*]_critical: The critical trip point of thermal zone [1-*]
226 Please read Documentation/hwmon/sysfs-interface for additional information.
228 ***************************
229 * Thermal zone attributes *
230 ***************************
233 Strings which represent the thermal zone type.
234 This is given by thermal zone driver as part of registration.
235 E.g: "acpitz" indicates it's an ACPI thermal device.
236 In order to keep it consistent with hwmon sys attribute; this should
237 be a short, lowercase string, not containing spaces nor dashes.
241 Current temperature as reported by thermal zone (sensor).
242 Unit: millidegree Celsius
246 One of the predefined values in [enabled, disabled].
247 This file gives information about the algorithm that is currently
248 managing the thermal zone. It can be either default kernel based
249 algorithm or user space application.
250 enabled = enable Kernel Thermal management.
251 disabled = Preventing kernel thermal zone driver actions upon
252 trip points so that user application can take full
253 charge of the thermal management.
257 One of the various thermal governors used for a particular zone.
261 Available thermal governors which can be used for a particular zone.
264 trip_point_[0-*]_temp
265 The temperature above which trip point will be fired.
266 Unit: millidegree Celsius
269 trip_point_[0-*]_type
270 Strings which indicate the type of the trip point.
271 E.g. it can be one of critical, hot, passive, active[0-*] for ACPI
275 trip_point_[0-*]_hyst
276 The hysteresis value for a trip point, represented as an integer
281 Sysfs link to the thermal cooling device node where the sys I/F
282 for cooling device throttling control represents.
286 The trip point with which cdev[0-*] is associated in this thermal
287 zone; -1 means the cooling device is not associated with any trip
292 The influence of cdev[0-*] in this thermal zone. This value
293 is relative to the rest of cooling devices in the thermal
294 zone. For example, if a cooling device has a weight double
295 than that of other, it's twice as effective in cooling the
300 Attribute is only present for zones in which the passive cooling
301 policy is not supported by native thermal driver. Default is zero
302 and can be set to a temperature (in millidegrees) to enable a
303 passive trip point for the zone. Activation is done by polling with
304 an interval of 1 second.
305 Unit: millidegrees Celsius
306 Valid values: 0 (disabled) or greater than 1000
310 Interface to set the emulated temperature method in thermal zone
311 (sensor). After setting this temperature, the thermal zone may pass
312 this temperature to platform emulation function if registered or
313 cache it locally. This is useful in debugging different temperature
314 threshold and its associated cooling action. This is write only node
315 and writing 0 on this node should disable emulation.
316 Unit: millidegree Celsius
319 WARNING: Be careful while enabling this option on production systems,
320 because userland can easily disable the thermal policy by simply
321 flooding this sysfs node with low temperature values.
324 An estimate of the sustained power that can be dissipated by
325 the thermal zone. Used by the power allocator governor. For
326 more information see Documentation/thermal/power_allocator.txt
331 The proportional term of the power allocator governor's PID
332 controller during temperature overshoot. Temperature overshoot
333 is when the current temperature is above the "desired
334 temperature" trip point. For more information see
335 Documentation/thermal/power_allocator.txt
339 The proportional term of the power allocator governor's PID
340 controller during temperature undershoot. Temperature undershoot
341 is when the current temperature is below the "desired
342 temperature" trip point. For more information see
343 Documentation/thermal/power_allocator.txt
347 The integral term of the power allocator governor's PID
348 controller. This term allows the PID controller to compensate
349 for long term drift. For more information see
350 Documentation/thermal/power_allocator.txt
354 The derivative term of the power allocator governor's PID
355 controller. For more information see
356 Documentation/thermal/power_allocator.txt
360 Temperature offset from the desired temperature trip point
361 above which the integral term of the power allocator
362 governor's PID controller starts accumulating errors. For
363 example, if integral_cutoff is 0, then the integral term only
364 accumulates error when temperature is above the desired
365 temperature trip point. For more information see
366 Documentation/thermal/power_allocator.txt
370 The slope constant used in a linear extrapolation model
371 to determine a hotspot temperature based off the sensor's
372 raw readings. It is up to the device driver to determine
373 the usage of these values.
377 The offset constant used in a linear extrapolation model
378 to determine a hotspot temperature based off the sensor's
379 raw readings. It is up to the device driver to determine
380 the usage of these values.
383 *****************************
384 * Cooling device attributes *
385 *****************************
388 String which represents the type of device, e.g:
389 - for generic ACPI: should be "Fan", "Processor" or "LCD"
390 - for memory controller device on intel_menlow platform:
391 should be "Memory controller".
395 The maximum permissible cooling state of this cooling device.
399 The current cooling state of this cooling device.
400 The value can any integer numbers between 0 and max_state:
401 - cur_state == 0 means no cooling
402 - cur_state == max_state means the maximum cooling.
405 3. A simple implementation
407 ACPI thermal zone may support multiple trip points like critical, hot,
408 passive, active. If an ACPI thermal zone supports critical, passive,
409 active[0] and active[1] at the same time, it may register itself as a
410 thermal_zone_device (thermal_zone1) with 4 trip points in all.
411 It has one processor and one fan, which are both registered as
412 thermal_cooling_device. Both are considered to have the same
413 effectiveness in cooling the thermal zone.
415 If the processor is listed in _PSL method, and the fan is listed in _AL0
416 method, the sys I/F structure will be built like this:
424 |---policy: step_wise
425 |---available_policies: step_wise fair_share
426 |---trip_point_0_temp: 100000
427 |---trip_point_0_type: critical
428 |---trip_point_1_temp: 80000
429 |---trip_point_1_type: passive
430 |---trip_point_2_temp: 70000
431 |---trip_point_2_type: active0
432 |---trip_point_3_temp: 60000
433 |---trip_point_3_type: active1
434 |---cdev0: --->/sys/class/thermal/cooling_device0
435 |---cdev0_trip_point: 1 /* cdev0 can be used for passive */
436 |---cdev0_weight: 1024
437 |---cdev1: --->/sys/class/thermal/cooling_device3
438 |---cdev1_trip_point: 2 /* cdev1 can be used for active[0]*/
439 |---cdev1_weight: 1024
455 |---temp1_input: 37000
456 |---temp1_crit: 100000
458 4. Event Notification
460 The framework includes a simple notification mechanism, in the form of a
461 netlink event. Netlink socket initialization is done during the _init_
462 of the framework. Drivers which intend to use the notification mechanism
463 just need to call thermal_generate_netlink_event() with two arguments viz
464 (originator, event). The originator is a pointer to struct thermal_zone_device
465 from where the event has been originated. An integer which represents the
466 thermal zone device will be used in the message to identify the zone. The
467 event will be one of:{THERMAL_AUX0, THERMAL_AUX1, THERMAL_CRITICAL,
468 THERMAL_DEV_FAULT}. Notification can be sent when the current temperature
469 crosses any of the configured thresholds.
471 5. Export Symbol APIs:
474 This function returns the trend of a thermal zone, i.e the rate of change
475 of temperature of the thermal zone. Ideally, the thermal sensor drivers
476 are supposed to implement the callback. If they don't, the thermal
477 framework calculated the trend by comparing the previous and the current
480 5.2:get_thermal_instance:
481 This function returns the thermal_instance corresponding to a given
482 {thermal_zone, cooling_device, trip_point} combination. Returns NULL
483 if such an instance does not exist.
485 5.3:thermal_notify_framework:
486 This function handles the trip events from sensor drivers. It starts
487 throttling the cooling devices according to the policy configured.
488 For CRITICAL and HOT trip points, this notifies the respective drivers,
489 and does actual throttling for other trip points i.e ACTIVE and PASSIVE.
490 The throttling policy is based on the configured platform data; if no
491 platform data is provided, this uses the step_wise throttling policy.
493 5.4:thermal_cdev_update:
494 This function serves as an arbitrator to set the state of a cooling
495 device. It sets the cooling device to the deepest cooling state if