2 Linux Gadget Serial Driver v2.0
4 (updated 8-May-2008 for v2.3)
9 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
10 modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
11 published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
12 the License, or (at your option) any later version.
14 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
15 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
16 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
17 GNU General Public License for more details.
19 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
20 License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
21 Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
24 This document and the gadget serial driver itself are
25 Copyright (C) 2004 by Al Borchers (alborchers@steinerpoint.com).
27 If you have questions, problems, or suggestions for this driver
28 please contact Al Borchers at alborchers@steinerpoint.com.
33 Versions of the gadget serial driver are available for the
34 2.4 Linux kernels, but this document assumes you are using
35 version 2.3 or later of the gadget serial driver in a 2.6
38 This document assumes that you are familiar with Linux and
39 Windows and know how to configure and build Linux kernels, run
40 standard utilities, use minicom and HyperTerminal, and work with
41 USB and serial devices. It also assumes you configure the Linux
42 gadget and usb drivers as modules.
44 With version 2.3 of the driver, major and minor device nodes are
45 no longer statically defined. Your Linux based system should mount
46 sysfs in /sys, and use "mdev" (in Busybox) or "udev" to make the
47 /dev nodes matching the sysfs /sys/class/tty files.
53 The gadget serial driver is a Linux USB gadget driver, a USB device
54 side driver. It runs on a Linux system that has USB device side
55 hardware; for example, a PDA, an embedded Linux system, or a PC
56 with a USB development card.
58 The gadget serial driver talks over USB to either a CDC ACM driver
59 or a generic USB serial driver running on a host PC.
62 --------------------------------------
63 | Host-Side CDC ACM USB Host |
64 | Operating | or | Controller | USB
65 | System | Generic USB | Driver |--------
66 | (Linux or | Serial | and | |
67 | Windows) Driver USB Stack | |
68 -------------------------------------- |
73 -------------------------------------- |
74 | Gadget USB Periph. | |
75 | Device-Side | Gadget | Controller | |
76 | Linux | Serial | Driver |--------
77 | Operating | Driver | and |
79 --------------------------------------
81 On the device-side Linux system, the gadget serial driver looks
84 On the host-side system, the gadget serial device looks like a
85 CDC ACM compliant class device or a simple vendor specific device
86 with bulk in and bulk out endpoints, and it is treated similarly
87 to other serial devices.
89 The host side driver can potentially be any ACM compliant driver
90 or any driver that can talk to a device with a simple bulk in/out
91 interface. Gadget serial has been tested with the Linux ACM driver,
92 the Windows usbser.sys ACM driver, and the Linux USB generic serial
95 With the gadget serial driver and the host side ACM or generic
96 serial driver running, you should be able to communicate between
97 the host and the gadget side systems as if they were connected by a
100 The gadget serial driver only provides simple unreliable data
101 communication. It does not yet handle flow control or many other
102 features of normal serial devices.
105 Installing the Gadget Serial Driver
106 -----------------------------------
107 To use the gadget serial driver you must configure the Linux gadget
108 side kernel for "Support for USB Gadgets", for a "USB Peripheral
109 Controller" (for example, net2280), and for the "Serial Gadget"
110 driver. All this are listed under "USB Gadget Support" when
111 configuring the kernel. Then rebuild and install the kernel or
114 Then you must load the gadget serial driver. To load it as an
115 ACM device (recommended for interoperability), do this:
119 To load it as a vendor specific bulk in/out device, do this:
121 modprobe g_serial use_acm=0
123 This will also automatically load the underlying gadget peripheral
124 controller driver. This must be done each time you reboot the gadget
125 side Linux system. You can add this to the start up scripts, if
128 Your system should use mdev (from busybox) or udev to make the
129 device nodes. After this gadget driver has been set up you should
130 then see a /dev/ttyGS0 node:
132 # ls -l /dev/ttyGS0 | cat
133 crw-rw---- 1 root root 253, 0 May 8 14:10 /dev/ttyGS0
136 Note that the major number (253, above) is system-specific. If
137 you need to create /dev nodes by hand, the right numbers to use
138 will be in the /sys/class/tty/ttyGS0/dev file.
140 When you link this gadget driver early, perhaps even statically,
141 you may want to set up an /etc/inittab entry to run "getty" on it.
142 The /dev/ttyGS0 line should work like most any other serial port.
145 If gadget serial is loaded as an ACM device you will want to use
146 either the Windows or Linux ACM driver on the host side. If gadget
147 serial is loaded as a bulk in/out device, you will want to use the
148 Linux generic serial driver on the host side. Follow the appropriate
149 instructions below to install the host side driver.
152 Installing the Windows Host ACM Driver
153 --------------------------------------
154 To use the Windows ACM driver you must have the "linux-cdc-acm.inf"
155 file (provided along this document) which supports all recent versions
158 When the gadget serial driver is loaded and the USB device connected
159 to the Windows host with a USB cable, Windows should recognize the
160 gadget serial device and ask for a driver. Tell Windows to find the
161 driver in the folder that contains the "linux-cdc-acm.inf" file.
163 For example, on Windows XP, when the gadget serial device is first
164 plugged in, the "Found New Hardware Wizard" starts up. Select
165 "Install from a list or specific location (Advanced)", then on the
166 next screen select "Include this location in the search" and enter the
167 path or browse to the folder containing the "linux-cdc-acm.inf" file.
168 Windows will complain that the Gadget Serial driver has not passed
169 Windows Logo testing, but select "Continue anyway" and finish the
172 On Windows XP, in the "Device Manager" (under "Control Panel",
173 "System", "Hardware") expand the "Ports (COM & LPT)" entry and you
174 should see "Gadget Serial" listed as the driver for one of the COM
177 To uninstall the Windows XP driver for "Gadget Serial", right click
178 on the "Gadget Serial" entry in the "Device Manager" and select
182 Installing the Linux Host ACM Driver
183 ------------------------------------
184 To use the Linux ACM driver you must configure the Linux host side
185 kernel for "Support for Host-side USB" and for "USB Modem (CDC ACM)
188 Once the gadget serial driver is loaded and the USB device connected
189 to the Linux host with a USB cable, the host system should recognize
190 the gadget serial device. For example, the command
192 cat /proc/bus/usb/devices
194 should show something like this:
196 T: Bus=01 Lev=01 Prnt=01 Port=01 Cnt=02 Dev#= 5 Spd=480 MxCh= 0
197 D: Ver= 2.00 Cls=02(comm.) Sub=00 Prot=00 MxPS=64 #Cfgs= 1
198 P: Vendor=0525 ProdID=a4a7 Rev= 2.01
199 S: Manufacturer=Linux 2.6.8.1 with net2280
200 S: Product=Gadget Serial
202 C:* #Ifs= 2 Cfg#= 2 Atr=c0 MxPwr= 2mA
203 I: If#= 0 Alt= 0 #EPs= 1 Cls=02(comm.) Sub=02 Prot=01 Driver=acm
204 E: Ad=83(I) Atr=03(Int.) MxPS= 8 Ivl=32ms
205 I: If#= 1 Alt= 0 #EPs= 2 Cls=0a(data ) Sub=00 Prot=00 Driver=acm
206 E: Ad=81(I) Atr=02(Bulk) MxPS= 512 Ivl=0ms
207 E: Ad=02(O) Atr=02(Bulk) MxPS= 512 Ivl=0ms
209 If the host side Linux system is configured properly, the ACM driver
210 should be loaded automatically. The command "lsmod" should show the
211 "acm" module is loaded.
214 Installing the Linux Host Generic USB Serial Driver
215 ---------------------------------------------------
216 To use the Linux generic USB serial driver you must configure the
217 Linux host side kernel for "Support for Host-side USB", for "USB
218 Serial Converter support", and for the "USB Generic Serial Driver".
220 Once the gadget serial driver is loaded and the USB device connected
221 to the Linux host with a USB cable, the host system should recognize
222 the gadget serial device. For example, the command
224 cat /proc/bus/usb/devices
226 should show something like this:
228 T: Bus=01 Lev=01 Prnt=01 Port=01 Cnt=02 Dev#= 6 Spd=480 MxCh= 0
229 D: Ver= 2.00 Cls=ff(vend.) Sub=00 Prot=00 MxPS=64 #Cfgs= 1
230 P: Vendor=0525 ProdID=a4a6 Rev= 2.01
231 S: Manufacturer=Linux 2.6.8.1 with net2280
232 S: Product=Gadget Serial
234 C:* #Ifs= 1 Cfg#= 1 Atr=c0 MxPwr= 2mA
235 I: If#= 0 Alt= 0 #EPs= 2 Cls=0a(data ) Sub=00 Prot=00 Driver=serial
236 E: Ad=81(I) Atr=02(Bulk) MxPS= 512 Ivl=0ms
237 E: Ad=02(O) Atr=02(Bulk) MxPS= 512 Ivl=0ms
239 You must load the usbserial driver and explicitly set its parameters
240 to configure it to recognize the gadget serial device, like this:
242 echo 0x0525 0xA4A6 >/sys/bus/usb-serial/drivers/generic/new_id
244 The legacy way is to use module parameters:
246 modprobe usbserial vendor=0x0525 product=0xA4A6
248 If everything is working, usbserial will print a message in the
249 system log saying something like "Gadget Serial converter now
250 attached to ttyUSB0".
253 Testing with Minicom or HyperTerminal
254 -------------------------------------
255 Once the gadget serial driver and the host driver are both installed,
256 and a USB cable connects the gadget device to the host, you should
257 be able to communicate over USB between the gadget and host systems.
258 You can use minicom or HyperTerminal to try this out.
260 On the gadget side run "minicom -s" to configure a new minicom
261 session. Under "Serial port setup" set "/dev/ttygserial" as the
262 "Serial Device". Set baud rate, data bits, parity, and stop bits,
263 to 9600, 8, none, and 1--these settings mostly do not matter.
264 Under "Modem and dialing" erase all the modem and dialing strings.
266 On a Linux host running the ACM driver, configure minicom similarly
267 but use "/dev/ttyACM0" as the "Serial Device". (If you have other
268 ACM devices connected, change the device name appropriately.)
270 On a Linux host running the USB generic serial driver, configure
271 minicom similarly, but use "/dev/ttyUSB0" as the "Serial Device".
272 (If you have other USB serial devices connected, change the device
275 On a Windows host configure a new HyperTerminal session to use the
276 COM port assigned to Gadget Serial. The "Port Settings" will be
277 set automatically when HyperTerminal connects to the gadget serial
278 device, so you can leave them set to the default values--these
279 settings mostly do not matter.
281 With minicom configured and running on the gadget side and with
282 minicom or HyperTerminal configured and running on the host side,
283 you should be able to send data back and forth between the gadget
284 side and host side systems. Anything you type on the terminal
285 window on the gadget side should appear in the terminal window on
286 the host side and vice versa.