USB: fix bug in initialization of interface minor numbers
[linux/fpc-iii.git] / fs / ext2 / ialloc.c
blob938dbc739d00e9c1e7695e25b76f24c34727738b
1 /*
2 * linux/fs/ext2/ialloc.c
4 * Copyright (C) 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995
5 * Remy Card (card@masi.ibp.fr)
6 * Laboratoire MASI - Institut Blaise Pascal
7 * Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI)
9 * BSD ufs-inspired inode and directory allocation by
10 * Stephen Tweedie (sct@dcs.ed.ac.uk), 1993
11 * Big-endian to little-endian byte-swapping/bitmaps by
12 * David S. Miller (davem@caip.rutgers.edu), 1995
15 #include <linux/quotaops.h>
16 #include <linux/sched.h>
17 #include <linux/backing-dev.h>
18 #include <linux/buffer_head.h>
19 #include <linux/random.h>
20 #include "ext2.h"
21 #include "xattr.h"
22 #include "acl.h"
25 * ialloc.c contains the inodes allocation and deallocation routines
29 * The free inodes are managed by bitmaps. A file system contains several
30 * blocks groups. Each group contains 1 bitmap block for blocks, 1 bitmap
31 * block for inodes, N blocks for the inode table and data blocks.
33 * The file system contains group descriptors which are located after the
34 * super block. Each descriptor contains the number of the bitmap block and
35 * the free blocks count in the block.
40 * Read the inode allocation bitmap for a given block_group, reading
41 * into the specified slot in the superblock's bitmap cache.
43 * Return buffer_head of bitmap on success or NULL.
45 static struct buffer_head *
46 read_inode_bitmap(struct super_block * sb, unsigned long block_group)
48 struct ext2_group_desc *desc;
49 struct buffer_head *bh = NULL;
51 desc = ext2_get_group_desc(sb, block_group, NULL);
52 if (!desc)
53 goto error_out;
55 bh = sb_bread(sb, le32_to_cpu(desc->bg_inode_bitmap));
56 if (!bh)
57 ext2_error(sb, "read_inode_bitmap",
58 "Cannot read inode bitmap - "
59 "block_group = %lu, inode_bitmap = %u",
60 block_group, le32_to_cpu(desc->bg_inode_bitmap));
61 error_out:
62 return bh;
65 static void ext2_release_inode(struct super_block *sb, int group, int dir)
67 struct ext2_group_desc * desc;
68 struct buffer_head *bh;
70 desc = ext2_get_group_desc(sb, group, &bh);
71 if (!desc) {
72 ext2_error(sb, "ext2_release_inode",
73 "can't get descriptor for group %d", group);
74 return;
77 spin_lock(sb_bgl_lock(EXT2_SB(sb), group));
78 le16_add_cpu(&desc->bg_free_inodes_count, 1);
79 if (dir)
80 le16_add_cpu(&desc->bg_used_dirs_count, -1);
81 spin_unlock(sb_bgl_lock(EXT2_SB(sb), group));
82 if (dir)
83 percpu_counter_dec(&EXT2_SB(sb)->s_dirs_counter);
84 sb->s_dirt = 1;
85 mark_buffer_dirty(bh);
89 * NOTE! When we get the inode, we're the only people
90 * that have access to it, and as such there are no
91 * race conditions we have to worry about. The inode
92 * is not on the hash-lists, and it cannot be reached
93 * through the filesystem because the directory entry
94 * has been deleted earlier.
96 * HOWEVER: we must make sure that we get no aliases,
97 * which means that we have to call "clear_inode()"
98 * _before_ we mark the inode not in use in the inode
99 * bitmaps. Otherwise a newly created file might use
100 * the same inode number (not actually the same pointer
101 * though), and then we'd have two inodes sharing the
102 * same inode number and space on the harddisk.
104 void ext2_free_inode (struct inode * inode)
106 struct super_block * sb = inode->i_sb;
107 int is_directory;
108 unsigned long ino;
109 struct buffer_head *bitmap_bh;
110 unsigned long block_group;
111 unsigned long bit;
112 struct ext2_super_block * es;
114 ino = inode->i_ino;
115 ext2_debug ("freeing inode %lu\n", ino);
118 * Note: we must free any quota before locking the superblock,
119 * as writing the quota to disk may need the lock as well.
121 if (!is_bad_inode(inode)) {
122 /* Quota is already initialized in iput() */
123 ext2_xattr_delete_inode(inode);
124 dquot_free_inode(inode);
125 dquot_drop(inode);
128 es = EXT2_SB(sb)->s_es;
129 is_directory = S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode);
131 /* Do this BEFORE marking the inode not in use or returning an error */
132 clear_inode (inode);
134 if (ino < EXT2_FIRST_INO(sb) ||
135 ino > le32_to_cpu(es->s_inodes_count)) {
136 ext2_error (sb, "ext2_free_inode",
137 "reserved or nonexistent inode %lu", ino);
138 return;
140 block_group = (ino - 1) / EXT2_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb);
141 bit = (ino - 1) % EXT2_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb);
142 bitmap_bh = read_inode_bitmap(sb, block_group);
143 if (!bitmap_bh)
144 return;
146 /* Ok, now we can actually update the inode bitmaps.. */
147 if (!ext2_clear_bit_atomic(sb_bgl_lock(EXT2_SB(sb), block_group),
148 bit, (void *) bitmap_bh->b_data))
149 ext2_error (sb, "ext2_free_inode",
150 "bit already cleared for inode %lu", ino);
151 else
152 ext2_release_inode(sb, block_group, is_directory);
153 mark_buffer_dirty(bitmap_bh);
154 if (sb->s_flags & MS_SYNCHRONOUS)
155 sync_dirty_buffer(bitmap_bh);
157 brelse(bitmap_bh);
161 * We perform asynchronous prereading of the new inode's inode block when
162 * we create the inode, in the expectation that the inode will be written
163 * back soon. There are two reasons:
165 * - When creating a large number of files, the async prereads will be
166 * nicely merged into large reads
167 * - When writing out a large number of inodes, we don't need to keep on
168 * stalling the writes while we read the inode block.
170 * FIXME: ext2_get_group_desc() needs to be simplified.
172 static void ext2_preread_inode(struct inode *inode)
174 unsigned long block_group;
175 unsigned long offset;
176 unsigned long block;
177 struct ext2_group_desc * gdp;
178 struct backing_dev_info *bdi;
180 bdi = inode->i_mapping->backing_dev_info;
181 if (bdi_read_congested(bdi))
182 return;
183 if (bdi_write_congested(bdi))
184 return;
186 block_group = (inode->i_ino - 1) / EXT2_INODES_PER_GROUP(inode->i_sb);
187 gdp = ext2_get_group_desc(inode->i_sb, block_group, NULL);
188 if (gdp == NULL)
189 return;
192 * Figure out the offset within the block group inode table
194 offset = ((inode->i_ino - 1) % EXT2_INODES_PER_GROUP(inode->i_sb)) *
195 EXT2_INODE_SIZE(inode->i_sb);
196 block = le32_to_cpu(gdp->bg_inode_table) +
197 (offset >> EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE_BITS(inode->i_sb));
198 sb_breadahead(inode->i_sb, block);
202 * There are two policies for allocating an inode. If the new inode is
203 * a directory, then a forward search is made for a block group with both
204 * free space and a low directory-to-inode ratio; if that fails, then of
205 * the groups with above-average free space, that group with the fewest
206 * directories already is chosen.
208 * For other inodes, search forward from the parent directory\'s block
209 * group to find a free inode.
211 static int find_group_dir(struct super_block *sb, struct inode *parent)
213 int ngroups = EXT2_SB(sb)->s_groups_count;
214 int avefreei = ext2_count_free_inodes(sb) / ngroups;
215 struct ext2_group_desc *desc, *best_desc = NULL;
216 int group, best_group = -1;
218 for (group = 0; group < ngroups; group++) {
219 desc = ext2_get_group_desc (sb, group, NULL);
220 if (!desc || !desc->bg_free_inodes_count)
221 continue;
222 if (le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_inodes_count) < avefreei)
223 continue;
224 if (!best_desc ||
225 (le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_blocks_count) >
226 le16_to_cpu(best_desc->bg_free_blocks_count))) {
227 best_group = group;
228 best_desc = desc;
231 if (!best_desc)
232 return -1;
234 return best_group;
238 * Orlov's allocator for directories.
240 * We always try to spread first-level directories.
242 * If there are blockgroups with both free inodes and free blocks counts
243 * not worse than average we return one with smallest directory count.
244 * Otherwise we simply return a random group.
246 * For the rest rules look so:
248 * It's OK to put directory into a group unless
249 * it has too many directories already (max_dirs) or
250 * it has too few free inodes left (min_inodes) or
251 * it has too few free blocks left (min_blocks) or
252 * it's already running too large debt (max_debt).
253 * Parent's group is preferred, if it doesn't satisfy these
254 * conditions we search cyclically through the rest. If none
255 * of the groups look good we just look for a group with more
256 * free inodes than average (starting at parent's group).
258 * Debt is incremented each time we allocate a directory and decremented
259 * when we allocate an inode, within 0--255.
262 #define INODE_COST 64
263 #define BLOCK_COST 256
265 static int find_group_orlov(struct super_block *sb, struct inode *parent)
267 int parent_group = EXT2_I(parent)->i_block_group;
268 struct ext2_sb_info *sbi = EXT2_SB(sb);
269 struct ext2_super_block *es = sbi->s_es;
270 int ngroups = sbi->s_groups_count;
271 int inodes_per_group = EXT2_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb);
272 int freei;
273 int avefreei;
274 int free_blocks;
275 int avefreeb;
276 int blocks_per_dir;
277 int ndirs;
278 int max_debt, max_dirs, min_blocks, min_inodes;
279 int group = -1, i;
280 struct ext2_group_desc *desc;
282 freei = percpu_counter_read_positive(&sbi->s_freeinodes_counter);
283 avefreei = freei / ngroups;
284 free_blocks = percpu_counter_read_positive(&sbi->s_freeblocks_counter);
285 avefreeb = free_blocks / ngroups;
286 ndirs = percpu_counter_read_positive(&sbi->s_dirs_counter);
288 if ((parent == sb->s_root->d_inode) ||
289 (EXT2_I(parent)->i_flags & EXT2_TOPDIR_FL)) {
290 struct ext2_group_desc *best_desc = NULL;
291 int best_ndir = inodes_per_group;
292 int best_group = -1;
294 get_random_bytes(&group, sizeof(group));
295 parent_group = (unsigned)group % ngroups;
296 for (i = 0; i < ngroups; i++) {
297 group = (parent_group + i) % ngroups;
298 desc = ext2_get_group_desc (sb, group, NULL);
299 if (!desc || !desc->bg_free_inodes_count)
300 continue;
301 if (le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_used_dirs_count) >= best_ndir)
302 continue;
303 if (le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_inodes_count) < avefreei)
304 continue;
305 if (le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_blocks_count) < avefreeb)
306 continue;
307 best_group = group;
308 best_ndir = le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_used_dirs_count);
309 best_desc = desc;
311 if (best_group >= 0) {
312 desc = best_desc;
313 group = best_group;
314 goto found;
316 goto fallback;
319 if (ndirs == 0)
320 ndirs = 1; /* percpu_counters are approximate... */
322 blocks_per_dir = (le32_to_cpu(es->s_blocks_count)-free_blocks) / ndirs;
324 max_dirs = ndirs / ngroups + inodes_per_group / 16;
325 min_inodes = avefreei - inodes_per_group / 4;
326 min_blocks = avefreeb - EXT2_BLOCKS_PER_GROUP(sb) / 4;
328 max_debt = EXT2_BLOCKS_PER_GROUP(sb) / max(blocks_per_dir, BLOCK_COST);
329 if (max_debt * INODE_COST > inodes_per_group)
330 max_debt = inodes_per_group / INODE_COST;
331 if (max_debt > 255)
332 max_debt = 255;
333 if (max_debt == 0)
334 max_debt = 1;
336 for (i = 0; i < ngroups; i++) {
337 group = (parent_group + i) % ngroups;
338 desc = ext2_get_group_desc (sb, group, NULL);
339 if (!desc || !desc->bg_free_inodes_count)
340 continue;
341 if (sbi->s_debts[group] >= max_debt)
342 continue;
343 if (le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_used_dirs_count) >= max_dirs)
344 continue;
345 if (le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_inodes_count) < min_inodes)
346 continue;
347 if (le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_blocks_count) < min_blocks)
348 continue;
349 goto found;
352 fallback:
353 for (i = 0; i < ngroups; i++) {
354 group = (parent_group + i) % ngroups;
355 desc = ext2_get_group_desc (sb, group, NULL);
356 if (!desc || !desc->bg_free_inodes_count)
357 continue;
358 if (le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_inodes_count) >= avefreei)
359 goto found;
362 if (avefreei) {
364 * The free-inodes counter is approximate, and for really small
365 * filesystems the above test can fail to find any blockgroups
367 avefreei = 0;
368 goto fallback;
371 return -1;
373 found:
374 return group;
377 static int find_group_other(struct super_block *sb, struct inode *parent)
379 int parent_group = EXT2_I(parent)->i_block_group;
380 int ngroups = EXT2_SB(sb)->s_groups_count;
381 struct ext2_group_desc *desc;
382 int group, i;
385 * Try to place the inode in its parent directory
387 group = parent_group;
388 desc = ext2_get_group_desc (sb, group, NULL);
389 if (desc && le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_inodes_count) &&
390 le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_blocks_count))
391 goto found;
394 * We're going to place this inode in a different blockgroup from its
395 * parent. We want to cause files in a common directory to all land in
396 * the same blockgroup. But we want files which are in a different
397 * directory which shares a blockgroup with our parent to land in a
398 * different blockgroup.
400 * So add our directory's i_ino into the starting point for the hash.
402 group = (group + parent->i_ino) % ngroups;
405 * Use a quadratic hash to find a group with a free inode and some
406 * free blocks.
408 for (i = 1; i < ngroups; i <<= 1) {
409 group += i;
410 if (group >= ngroups)
411 group -= ngroups;
412 desc = ext2_get_group_desc (sb, group, NULL);
413 if (desc && le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_inodes_count) &&
414 le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_blocks_count))
415 goto found;
419 * That failed: try linear search for a free inode, even if that group
420 * has no free blocks.
422 group = parent_group;
423 for (i = 0; i < ngroups; i++) {
424 if (++group >= ngroups)
425 group = 0;
426 desc = ext2_get_group_desc (sb, group, NULL);
427 if (desc && le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_inodes_count))
428 goto found;
431 return -1;
433 found:
434 return group;
437 struct inode *ext2_new_inode(struct inode *dir, int mode)
439 struct super_block *sb;
440 struct buffer_head *bitmap_bh = NULL;
441 struct buffer_head *bh2;
442 int group, i;
443 ino_t ino = 0;
444 struct inode * inode;
445 struct ext2_group_desc *gdp;
446 struct ext2_super_block *es;
447 struct ext2_inode_info *ei;
448 struct ext2_sb_info *sbi;
449 int err;
451 sb = dir->i_sb;
452 inode = new_inode(sb);
453 if (!inode)
454 return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
456 ei = EXT2_I(inode);
457 sbi = EXT2_SB(sb);
458 es = sbi->s_es;
459 if (S_ISDIR(mode)) {
460 if (test_opt(sb, OLDALLOC))
461 group = find_group_dir(sb, dir);
462 else
463 group = find_group_orlov(sb, dir);
464 } else
465 group = find_group_other(sb, dir);
467 if (group == -1) {
468 err = -ENOSPC;
469 goto fail;
472 for (i = 0; i < sbi->s_groups_count; i++) {
473 gdp = ext2_get_group_desc(sb, group, &bh2);
474 brelse(bitmap_bh);
475 bitmap_bh = read_inode_bitmap(sb, group);
476 if (!bitmap_bh) {
477 err = -EIO;
478 goto fail;
480 ino = 0;
482 repeat_in_this_group:
483 ino = ext2_find_next_zero_bit((unsigned long *)bitmap_bh->b_data,
484 EXT2_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb), ino);
485 if (ino >= EXT2_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb)) {
487 * Rare race: find_group_xx() decided that there were
488 * free inodes in this group, but by the time we tried
489 * to allocate one, they're all gone. This can also
490 * occur because the counters which find_group_orlov()
491 * uses are approximate. So just go and search the
492 * next block group.
494 if (++group == sbi->s_groups_count)
495 group = 0;
496 continue;
498 if (ext2_set_bit_atomic(sb_bgl_lock(sbi, group),
499 ino, bitmap_bh->b_data)) {
500 /* we lost this inode */
501 if (++ino >= EXT2_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb)) {
502 /* this group is exhausted, try next group */
503 if (++group == sbi->s_groups_count)
504 group = 0;
505 continue;
507 /* try to find free inode in the same group */
508 goto repeat_in_this_group;
510 goto got;
514 * Scanned all blockgroups.
516 err = -ENOSPC;
517 goto fail;
518 got:
519 mark_buffer_dirty(bitmap_bh);
520 if (sb->s_flags & MS_SYNCHRONOUS)
521 sync_dirty_buffer(bitmap_bh);
522 brelse(bitmap_bh);
524 ino += group * EXT2_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb) + 1;
525 if (ino < EXT2_FIRST_INO(sb) || ino > le32_to_cpu(es->s_inodes_count)) {
526 ext2_error (sb, "ext2_new_inode",
527 "reserved inode or inode > inodes count - "
528 "block_group = %d,inode=%lu", group,
529 (unsigned long) ino);
530 err = -EIO;
531 goto fail;
534 percpu_counter_add(&sbi->s_freeinodes_counter, -1);
535 if (S_ISDIR(mode))
536 percpu_counter_inc(&sbi->s_dirs_counter);
538 spin_lock(sb_bgl_lock(sbi, group));
539 le16_add_cpu(&gdp->bg_free_inodes_count, -1);
540 if (S_ISDIR(mode)) {
541 if (sbi->s_debts[group] < 255)
542 sbi->s_debts[group]++;
543 le16_add_cpu(&gdp->bg_used_dirs_count, 1);
544 } else {
545 if (sbi->s_debts[group])
546 sbi->s_debts[group]--;
548 spin_unlock(sb_bgl_lock(sbi, group));
550 sb->s_dirt = 1;
551 mark_buffer_dirty(bh2);
552 if (test_opt(sb, GRPID)) {
553 inode->i_mode = mode;
554 inode->i_uid = current_fsuid();
555 inode->i_gid = dir->i_gid;
556 } else
557 inode_init_owner(inode, dir, mode);
559 inode->i_ino = ino;
560 inode->i_blocks = 0;
561 inode->i_mtime = inode->i_atime = inode->i_ctime = CURRENT_TIME_SEC;
562 memset(ei->i_data, 0, sizeof(ei->i_data));
563 ei->i_flags =
564 ext2_mask_flags(mode, EXT2_I(dir)->i_flags & EXT2_FL_INHERITED);
565 ei->i_faddr = 0;
566 ei->i_frag_no = 0;
567 ei->i_frag_size = 0;
568 ei->i_file_acl = 0;
569 ei->i_dir_acl = 0;
570 ei->i_dtime = 0;
571 ei->i_block_alloc_info = NULL;
572 ei->i_block_group = group;
573 ei->i_dir_start_lookup = 0;
574 ei->i_state = EXT2_STATE_NEW;
575 ext2_set_inode_flags(inode);
576 spin_lock(&sbi->s_next_gen_lock);
577 inode->i_generation = sbi->s_next_generation++;
578 spin_unlock(&sbi->s_next_gen_lock);
579 if (insert_inode_locked(inode) < 0) {
580 err = -EINVAL;
581 goto fail_drop;
584 dquot_initialize(inode);
585 err = dquot_alloc_inode(inode);
586 if (err)
587 goto fail_drop;
589 err = ext2_init_acl(inode, dir);
590 if (err)
591 goto fail_free_drop;
593 err = ext2_init_security(inode,dir);
594 if (err)
595 goto fail_free_drop;
597 mark_inode_dirty(inode);
598 ext2_debug("allocating inode %lu\n", inode->i_ino);
599 ext2_preread_inode(inode);
600 return inode;
602 fail_free_drop:
603 dquot_free_inode(inode);
605 fail_drop:
606 dquot_drop(inode);
607 inode->i_flags |= S_NOQUOTA;
608 inode->i_nlink = 0;
609 unlock_new_inode(inode);
610 iput(inode);
611 return ERR_PTR(err);
613 fail:
614 make_bad_inode(inode);
615 iput(inode);
616 return ERR_PTR(err);
619 unsigned long ext2_count_free_inodes (struct super_block * sb)
621 struct ext2_group_desc *desc;
622 unsigned long desc_count = 0;
623 int i;
625 #ifdef EXT2FS_DEBUG
626 struct ext2_super_block *es;
627 unsigned long bitmap_count = 0;
628 struct buffer_head *bitmap_bh = NULL;
630 es = EXT2_SB(sb)->s_es;
631 for (i = 0; i < EXT2_SB(sb)->s_groups_count; i++) {
632 unsigned x;
634 desc = ext2_get_group_desc (sb, i, NULL);
635 if (!desc)
636 continue;
637 desc_count += le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_inodes_count);
638 brelse(bitmap_bh);
639 bitmap_bh = read_inode_bitmap(sb, i);
640 if (!bitmap_bh)
641 continue;
643 x = ext2_count_free(bitmap_bh, EXT2_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb) / 8);
644 printk("group %d: stored = %d, counted = %u\n",
645 i, le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_inodes_count), x);
646 bitmap_count += x;
648 brelse(bitmap_bh);
649 printk("ext2_count_free_inodes: stored = %lu, computed = %lu, %lu\n",
650 percpu_counter_read(&EXT2_SB(sb)->s_freeinodes_counter),
651 desc_count, bitmap_count);
652 return desc_count;
653 #else
654 for (i = 0; i < EXT2_SB(sb)->s_groups_count; i++) {
655 desc = ext2_get_group_desc (sb, i, NULL);
656 if (!desc)
657 continue;
658 desc_count += le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_inodes_count);
660 return desc_count;
661 #endif
664 /* Called at mount-time, super-block is locked */
665 unsigned long ext2_count_dirs (struct super_block * sb)
667 unsigned long count = 0;
668 int i;
670 for (i = 0; i < EXT2_SB(sb)->s_groups_count; i++) {
671 struct ext2_group_desc *gdp = ext2_get_group_desc (sb, i, NULL);
672 if (!gdp)
673 continue;
674 count += le16_to_cpu(gdp->bg_used_dirs_count);
676 return count;