1 ==========================
2 Coresight CPU Debug Module
3 ==========================
5 :Author: Leo Yan <leo.yan@linaro.org>
11 Coresight CPU debug module is defined in ARMv8-a architecture reference manual
12 (ARM DDI 0487A.k) Chapter 'Part H: External debug', the CPU can integrate
13 debug module and it is mainly used for two modes: self-hosted debug and
14 external debug. Usually the external debug mode is well known as the external
15 debugger connects with SoC from JTAG port; on the other hand the program can
16 explore debugging method which rely on self-hosted debug mode, this document
17 is to focus on this part.
19 The debug module provides sample-based profiling extension, which can be used
20 to sample CPU program counter, secure state and exception level, etc; usually
21 every CPU has one dedicated debug module to be connected. Based on self-hosted
22 debug mechanism, Linux kernel can access these related registers from mmio
23 region when the kernel panic happens. The callback notifier for kernel panic
24 will dump related registers for every CPU; finally this is good for assistant
31 - During driver registration, it uses EDDEVID and EDDEVID1 - two device ID
32 registers to decide if sample-based profiling is implemented or not. On some
33 platforms this hardware feature is fully or partially implemented; and if
34 this feature is not supported then registration will fail.
36 - At the time this documentation was written, the debug driver mainly relies on
37 information gathered by the kernel panic callback notifier from three
38 sampling registers: EDPCSR, EDVIDSR and EDCIDSR: from EDPCSR we can get
39 program counter; EDVIDSR has information for secure state, exception level,
40 bit width, etc; EDCIDSR is context ID value which contains the sampled value
43 - The driver supports a CPU running in either AArch64 or AArch32 mode. The
44 registers naming convention is a bit different between them, AArch64 uses
45 'ED' for register prefix (ARM DDI 0487A.k, chapter H9.1) and AArch32 uses
46 'DBG' as prefix (ARM DDI 0487A.k, chapter G5.1). The driver is unified to
47 use AArch64 naming convention.
49 - ARMv8-a (ARM DDI 0487A.k) and ARMv7-a (ARM DDI 0406C.b) have different
50 register bits definition. So the driver consolidates two difference:
52 If PCSROffset=0b0000, on ARMv8-a the feature of EDPCSR is not implemented;
53 but ARMv7-a defines "PCSR samples are offset by a value that depends on the
54 instruction set state". For ARMv7-a, the driver checks furthermore if CPU
55 runs with ARM or thumb instruction set and calibrate PCSR value, the
56 detailed description for offset is in ARMv7-a ARM (ARM DDI 0406C.b) chapter
57 C11.11.34 "DBGPCSR, Program Counter Sampling Register".
59 If PCSROffset=0b0010, ARMv8-a defines "EDPCSR implemented, and samples have
60 no offset applied and do not sample the instruction set state in AArch32
61 state". So on ARMv8 if EDDEVID1.PCSROffset is 0b0010 and the CPU operates
62 in AArch32 state, EDPCSR is not sampled; when the CPU operates in AArch64
63 state EDPCSR is sampled and no offset are applied.
66 Clock and power domain
67 ----------------------
69 Before accessing debug registers, we should ensure the clock and power domain
70 have been enabled properly. In ARMv8-a ARM (ARM DDI 0487A.k) chapter 'H9.1
71 Debug registers', the debug registers are spread into two domains: the debug
72 domain and the CPU domain.
79 dbg_clock -->| |**| |<-- cpu_clock
81 dbg_power_domain -->| |**| |<-- cpu_power_domain
87 For debug domain, the user uses DT binding "clocks" and "power-domains" to
88 specify the corresponding clock source and power supply for the debug logic.
89 The driver calls the pm_runtime_{put|get} operations as needed to handle the
92 For CPU domain, the different SoC designs have different power management
93 schemes and finally this heavily impacts external debug module. So we can
94 divide into below cases:
96 - On systems with a sane power controller which can behave correctly with
97 respect to CPU power domain, the CPU power domain can be controlled by
98 register EDPRCR in driver. The driver firstly writes bit EDPRCR.COREPURQ
99 to power up the CPU, and then writes bit EDPRCR.CORENPDRQ for emulation
100 of CPU power down. As result, this can ensure the CPU power domain is
101 powered on properly during the period when access debug related registers;
103 - Some designs will power down an entire cluster if all CPUs on the cluster
104 are powered down - including the parts of the debug registers that should
105 remain powered in the debug power domain. The bits in EDPRCR are not
106 respected in these cases, so these designs do not support debug over
107 power down in the way that the CoreSight / Debug designers anticipated.
108 This means that even checking EDPRSR has the potential to cause a bus hang
109 if the target register is unpowered.
111 In this case, accessing to the debug registers while they are not powered
112 is a recipe for disaster; so we need preventing CPU low power states at boot
113 time or when user enable module at the run time. Please see chapter
114 "How to use the module" for detailed usage info for this.
120 See Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/coresight-cpu-debug.txt for details.
123 How to use the module
124 ---------------------
126 If you want to enable debugging functionality at boot time, you can add
127 "coresight_cpu_debug.enable=1" to the kernel command line parameter.
129 The driver also can work as module, so can enable the debugging when insmod
132 # insmod coresight_cpu_debug.ko debug=1
134 When boot time or insmod module you have not enabled the debugging, the driver
135 uses the debugfs file system to provide a knob to dynamically enable or disable
138 To enable it, write a '1' into /sys/kernel/debug/coresight_cpu_debug/enable::
140 # echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/coresight_cpu_debug/enable
142 To disable it, write a '0' into /sys/kernel/debug/coresight_cpu_debug/enable::
144 # echo 0 > /sys/kernel/debug/coresight_cpu_debug/enable
146 As explained in chapter "Clock and power domain", if you are working on one
147 platform which has idle states to power off debug logic and the power
148 controller cannot work well for the request from EDPRCR, then you should
149 firstly constraint CPU idle states before enable CPU debugging feature; so can
150 ensure the accessing to debug logic.
152 If you want to limit idle states at boot time, you can use "nohlt" or
153 "cpuidle.off=1" in the kernel command line.
155 At the runtime you can disable idle states with below methods:
157 It is possible to disable CPU idle states by way of the PM QoS
158 subsystem, more specifically by using the "/dev/cpu_dma_latency"
159 interface (see Documentation/power/pm_qos_interface.rst for more
160 details). As specified in the PM QoS documentation the requested
161 parameter will stay in effect until the file descriptor is released.
164 # exec 3<> /dev/cpu_dma_latency; echo 0 >&3
170 The same can also be done from an application program.
172 Disable specific CPU's specific idle state from cpuidle sysfs (see
173 Documentation/admin-guide/pm/cpuidle.rst)::
175 # echo 1 > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu$cpu/cpuidle/state$state/disable
180 Here is an example of the debugging output format::
182 ARM external debug module:
183 coresight-cpu-debug 850000.debug: CPU[0]:
184 coresight-cpu-debug 850000.debug: EDPRSR: 00000001 (Power:On DLK:Unlock)
185 coresight-cpu-debug 850000.debug: EDPCSR: handle_IPI+0x174/0x1d8
186 coresight-cpu-debug 850000.debug: EDCIDSR: 00000000
187 coresight-cpu-debug 850000.debug: EDVIDSR: 90000000 (State:Non-secure Mode:EL1/0 Width:64bits VMID:0)
188 coresight-cpu-debug 852000.debug: CPU[1]:
189 coresight-cpu-debug 852000.debug: EDPRSR: 00000001 (Power:On DLK:Unlock)
190 coresight-cpu-debug 852000.debug: EDPCSR: debug_notifier_call+0x23c/0x358
191 coresight-cpu-debug 852000.debug: EDCIDSR: 00000000
192 coresight-cpu-debug 852000.debug: EDVIDSR: 90000000 (State:Non-secure Mode:EL1/0 Width:64bits VMID:0)