1 ======================================
2 Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) interface
3 ======================================
5 This provides an overview about the Linux PWM interface
7 PWMs are commonly used for controlling LEDs, fans or vibrators in
8 cell phones. PWMs with a fixed purpose have no need implementing
9 the Linux PWM API (although they could). However, PWMs are often
10 found as discrete devices on SoCs which have no fixed purpose. It's
11 up to the board designer to connect them to LEDs or fans. To provide
12 this kind of flexibility the generic PWM API exists.
17 Users of the legacy PWM API use unique IDs to refer to PWM devices.
19 Instead of referring to a PWM device via its unique ID, board setup code
20 should instead register a static mapping that can be used to match PWM
21 consumers to providers, as given in the following example::
23 static struct pwm_lookup board_pwm_lookup[] = {
24 PWM_LOOKUP("tegra-pwm", 0, "pwm-backlight", NULL,
25 50000, PWM_POLARITY_NORMAL),
28 static void __init board_init(void)
31 pwm_add_table(board_pwm_lookup, ARRAY_SIZE(board_pwm_lookup));
38 Legacy users can request a PWM device using pwm_request() and free it
39 after usage with pwm_free().
41 New users should use the pwm_get() function and pass to it the consumer
42 device or a consumer name. pwm_put() is used to free the PWM device. Managed
43 variants of these functions, devm_pwm_get() and devm_pwm_put(), also exist.
45 After being requested, a PWM has to be configured using::
47 int pwm_apply_state(struct pwm_device *pwm, struct pwm_state *state);
49 This API controls both the PWM period/duty_cycle config and the
52 The pwm_config(), pwm_enable() and pwm_disable() functions are just wrappers
53 around pwm_apply_state() and should not be used if the user wants to change
54 several parameter at once. For example, if you see pwm_config() and
55 pwm_{enable,disable}() calls in the same function, this probably means you
56 should switch to pwm_apply_state().
58 The PWM user API also allows one to query the PWM state with pwm_get_state().
60 In addition to the PWM state, the PWM API also exposes PWM arguments, which
61 are the reference PWM config one should use on this PWM.
62 PWM arguments are usually platform-specific and allows the PWM user to only
63 care about dutycycle relatively to the full period (like, duty = 50% of the
64 period). struct pwm_args contains 2 fields (period and polarity) and should
65 be used to set the initial PWM config (usually done in the probe function
66 of the PWM user). PWM arguments are retrieved with pwm_get_args().
68 All consumers should really be reconfiguring the PWM upon resume as
69 appropriate. This is the only way to ensure that everything is resumed in
72 Using PWMs with the sysfs interface
73 -----------------------------------
75 If CONFIG_SYSFS is enabled in your kernel configuration a simple sysfs
76 interface is provided to use the PWMs from userspace. It is exposed at
77 /sys/class/pwm/. Each probed PWM controller/chip will be exported as
78 pwmchipN, where N is the base of the PWM chip. Inside the directory you
82 The number of PWM channels this chip supports (read-only).
85 Exports a PWM channel for use with sysfs (write-only).
88 Unexports a PWM channel from sysfs (write-only).
90 The PWM channels are numbered using a per-chip index from 0 to npwm-1.
92 When a PWM channel is exported a pwmX directory will be created in the
93 pwmchipN directory it is associated with, where X is the number of the
94 channel that was exported. The following properties will then be available:
97 The total period of the PWM signal (read/write).
98 Value is in nanoseconds and is the sum of the active and inactive
102 The active time of the PWM signal (read/write).
103 Value is in nanoseconds and must be less than the period.
106 Changes the polarity of the PWM signal (read/write).
107 Writes to this property only work if the PWM chip supports changing
108 the polarity. The polarity can only be changed if the PWM is not
109 enabled. Value is the string "normal" or "inversed".
112 Enable/disable the PWM signal (read/write).
117 Implementing a PWM driver
118 -------------------------
120 Currently there are two ways to implement pwm drivers. Traditionally
121 there only has been the barebone API meaning that each driver has
122 to implement the pwm_*() functions itself. This means that it's impossible
123 to have multiple PWM drivers in the system. For this reason it's mandatory
124 for new drivers to use the generic PWM framework.
126 A new PWM controller/chip can be added using pwmchip_add() and removed
127 again with pwmchip_remove(). pwmchip_add() takes a filled in struct
128 pwm_chip as argument which provides a description of the PWM chip, the
129 number of PWM devices provided by the chip and the chip-specific
130 implementation of the supported PWM operations to the framework.
132 When implementing polarity support in a PWM driver, make sure to respect the
133 signal conventions in the PWM framework. By definition, normal polarity
134 characterizes a signal starts high for the duration of the duty cycle and
135 goes low for the remainder of the period. Conversely, a signal with inversed
136 polarity starts low for the duration of the duty cycle and goes high for the
137 remainder of the period.
139 Drivers are encouraged to implement ->apply() instead of the legacy
140 ->enable(), ->disable() and ->config() methods. Doing that should provide
141 atomicity in the PWM config workflow, which is required when the PWM controls
142 a critical device (like a regulator).
144 The implementation of ->get_state() (a method used to retrieve initial PWM
145 state) is also encouraged for the same reason: letting the PWM user know
146 about the current PWM state would allow him to avoid glitches.
148 Drivers should not implement any power management. In other words,
149 consumers should implement it as described in the "Using PWMs" section.
154 The PWM core list manipulations are protected by a mutex, so pwm_request()
155 and pwm_free() may not be called from an atomic context. Currently the
156 PWM core does not enforce any locking to pwm_enable(), pwm_disable() and
157 pwm_config(), so the calling context is currently driver specific. This
158 is an issue derived from the former barebone API and should be fixed soon.
163 Currently a PWM can only be configured with period_ns and duty_ns. For several
164 use cases freq_hz and duty_percent might be better. Instead of calculating
165 this in your driver please consider adding appropriate helpers to the framework.