2 * linux/arch/arm/mm/init.c
4 * Copyright (C) 1995-2005 Russell King
6 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
7 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
8 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
10 #include <linux/kernel.h>
11 #include <linux/errno.h>
12 #include <linux/swap.h>
13 #include <linux/init.h>
14 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
15 #include <linux/mman.h>
16 #include <linux/export.h>
17 #include <linux/nodemask.h>
18 #include <linux/initrd.h>
19 #include <linux/of_fdt.h>
20 #include <linux/highmem.h>
21 #include <linux/gfp.h>
22 #include <linux/memblock.h>
23 #include <linux/dma-contiguous.h>
24 #include <linux/sizes.h>
27 #include <asm/mach-types.h>
28 #include <asm/memblock.h>
30 #include <asm/sections.h>
31 #include <asm/setup.h>
32 #include <asm/system_info.h>
34 #include <asm/fixmap.h>
36 #include <asm/mach/arch.h>
37 #include <asm/mach/map.h>
41 #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_CP15_MMU
42 unsigned long __init
__clear_cr(unsigned long mask
)
44 cr_alignment
= cr_alignment
& ~mask
;
49 static phys_addr_t phys_initrd_start __initdata
= 0;
50 static unsigned long phys_initrd_size __initdata
= 0;
52 static int __init
early_initrd(char *p
)
58 start
= memparse(p
, &endp
);
60 size
= memparse(endp
+ 1, NULL
);
62 phys_initrd_start
= start
;
63 phys_initrd_size
= size
;
67 early_param("initrd", early_initrd
);
69 static int __init
parse_tag_initrd(const struct tag
*tag
)
71 pr_warn("ATAG_INITRD is deprecated; "
72 "please update your bootloader.\n");
73 phys_initrd_start
= __virt_to_phys(tag
->u
.initrd
.start
);
74 phys_initrd_size
= tag
->u
.initrd
.size
;
78 __tagtable(ATAG_INITRD
, parse_tag_initrd
);
80 static int __init
parse_tag_initrd2(const struct tag
*tag
)
82 phys_initrd_start
= tag
->u
.initrd
.start
;
83 phys_initrd_size
= tag
->u
.initrd
.size
;
87 __tagtable(ATAG_INITRD2
, parse_tag_initrd2
);
89 static void __init
find_limits(unsigned long *min
, unsigned long *max_low
,
90 unsigned long *max_high
)
92 *max_low
= PFN_DOWN(memblock_get_current_limit());
93 *min
= PFN_UP(memblock_start_of_DRAM());
94 *max_high
= PFN_DOWN(memblock_end_of_DRAM());
97 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
99 phys_addr_t arm_dma_zone_size __read_mostly
;
100 EXPORT_SYMBOL(arm_dma_zone_size
);
103 * The DMA mask corresponding to the maximum bus address allocatable
104 * using GFP_DMA. The default here places no restriction on DMA
105 * allocations. This must be the smallest DMA mask in the system,
106 * so a successful GFP_DMA allocation will always satisfy this.
108 phys_addr_t arm_dma_limit
;
109 unsigned long arm_dma_pfn_limit
;
111 static void __init
arm_adjust_dma_zone(unsigned long *size
, unsigned long *hole
,
112 unsigned long dma_size
)
114 if (size
[0] <= dma_size
)
117 size
[ZONE_NORMAL
] = size
[0] - dma_size
;
118 size
[ZONE_DMA
] = dma_size
;
119 hole
[ZONE_NORMAL
] = hole
[0];
124 void __init
setup_dma_zone(const struct machine_desc
*mdesc
)
126 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
127 if (mdesc
->dma_zone_size
) {
128 arm_dma_zone_size
= mdesc
->dma_zone_size
;
129 arm_dma_limit
= PHYS_OFFSET
+ arm_dma_zone_size
- 1;
131 arm_dma_limit
= 0xffffffff;
132 arm_dma_pfn_limit
= arm_dma_limit
>> PAGE_SHIFT
;
136 static void __init
zone_sizes_init(unsigned long min
, unsigned long max_low
,
137 unsigned long max_high
)
139 unsigned long zone_size
[MAX_NR_ZONES
], zhole_size
[MAX_NR_ZONES
];
140 struct memblock_region
*reg
;
143 * initialise the zones.
145 memset(zone_size
, 0, sizeof(zone_size
));
148 * The memory size has already been determined. If we need
149 * to do anything fancy with the allocation of this memory
150 * to the zones, now is the time to do it.
152 zone_size
[0] = max_low
- min
;
153 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
154 zone_size
[ZONE_HIGHMEM
] = max_high
- max_low
;
158 * Calculate the size of the holes.
159 * holes = node_size - sum(bank_sizes)
161 memcpy(zhole_size
, zone_size
, sizeof(zhole_size
));
162 for_each_memblock(memory
, reg
) {
163 unsigned long start
= memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg
);
164 unsigned long end
= memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg
);
166 if (start
< max_low
) {
167 unsigned long low_end
= min(end
, max_low
);
168 zhole_size
[0] -= low_end
- start
;
170 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
172 unsigned long high_start
= max(start
, max_low
);
173 zhole_size
[ZONE_HIGHMEM
] -= end
- high_start
;
178 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
180 * Adjust the sizes according to any special requirements for
183 if (arm_dma_zone_size
)
184 arm_adjust_dma_zone(zone_size
, zhole_size
,
185 arm_dma_zone_size
>> PAGE_SHIFT
);
188 free_area_init_node(0, zone_size
, min
, zhole_size
);
191 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_PFN_VALID
192 int pfn_valid(unsigned long pfn
)
194 return memblock_is_memory(__pfn_to_phys(pfn
));
196 EXPORT_SYMBOL(pfn_valid
);
199 #ifndef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
200 static void __init
arm_memory_present(void)
204 static void __init
arm_memory_present(void)
206 struct memblock_region
*reg
;
208 for_each_memblock(memory
, reg
)
209 memory_present(0, memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg
),
210 memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg
));
214 static bool arm_memblock_steal_permitted
= true;
216 phys_addr_t __init
arm_memblock_steal(phys_addr_t size
, phys_addr_t align
)
220 BUG_ON(!arm_memblock_steal_permitted
);
222 phys
= memblock_alloc_base(size
, align
, MEMBLOCK_ALLOC_ANYWHERE
);
223 memblock_free(phys
, size
);
224 memblock_remove(phys
, size
);
229 void __init
arm_memblock_init(const struct machine_desc
*mdesc
)
231 /* Register the kernel text, kernel data and initrd with memblock. */
232 #ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
233 memblock_reserve(__pa(_sdata
), _end
- _sdata
);
235 memblock_reserve(__pa(_stext
), _end
- _stext
);
237 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
238 /* FDT scan will populate initrd_start */
239 if (initrd_start
&& !phys_initrd_size
) {
240 phys_initrd_start
= __virt_to_phys(initrd_start
);
241 phys_initrd_size
= initrd_end
- initrd_start
;
243 initrd_start
= initrd_end
= 0;
244 if (phys_initrd_size
&&
245 !memblock_is_region_memory(phys_initrd_start
, phys_initrd_size
)) {
246 pr_err("INITRD: 0x%08llx+0x%08lx is not a memory region - disabling initrd\n",
247 (u64
)phys_initrd_start
, phys_initrd_size
);
248 phys_initrd_start
= phys_initrd_size
= 0;
250 if (phys_initrd_size
&&
251 memblock_is_region_reserved(phys_initrd_start
, phys_initrd_size
)) {
252 pr_err("INITRD: 0x%08llx+0x%08lx overlaps in-use memory region - disabling initrd\n",
253 (u64
)phys_initrd_start
, phys_initrd_size
);
254 phys_initrd_start
= phys_initrd_size
= 0;
256 if (phys_initrd_size
) {
257 memblock_reserve(phys_initrd_start
, phys_initrd_size
);
259 /* Now convert initrd to virtual addresses */
260 initrd_start
= __phys_to_virt(phys_initrd_start
);
261 initrd_end
= initrd_start
+ phys_initrd_size
;
265 arm_mm_memblock_reserve();
267 /* reserve any platform specific memblock areas */
271 early_init_fdt_reserve_self();
272 early_init_fdt_scan_reserved_mem();
274 /* reserve memory for DMA contiguous allocations */
275 dma_contiguous_reserve(arm_dma_limit
);
277 arm_memblock_steal_permitted
= false;
281 void __init
bootmem_init(void)
283 unsigned long min
, max_low
, max_high
;
285 memblock_allow_resize();
286 max_low
= max_high
= 0;
288 find_limits(&min
, &max_low
, &max_high
);
290 early_memtest((phys_addr_t
)min
<< PAGE_SHIFT
,
291 (phys_addr_t
)max_low
<< PAGE_SHIFT
);
294 * Sparsemem tries to allocate bootmem in memory_present(),
295 * so must be done after the fixed reservations
297 arm_memory_present();
300 * sparse_init() needs the bootmem allocator up and running.
305 * Now free the memory - free_area_init_node needs
306 * the sparse mem_map arrays initialized by sparse_init()
307 * for memmap_init_zone(), otherwise all PFNs are invalid.
309 zone_sizes_init(min
, max_low
, max_high
);
312 * This doesn't seem to be used by the Linux memory manager any
313 * more, but is used by ll_rw_block. If we can get rid of it, we
314 * also get rid of some of the stuff above as well.
317 max_low_pfn
= max_low
;
322 * Poison init memory with an undefined instruction (ARM) or a branch to an
323 * undefined instruction (Thumb).
325 static inline void poison_init_mem(void *s
, size_t count
)
328 for (; count
!= 0; count
-= 4)
333 free_memmap(unsigned long start_pfn
, unsigned long end_pfn
)
335 struct page
*start_pg
, *end_pg
;
336 phys_addr_t pg
, pgend
;
339 * Convert start_pfn/end_pfn to a struct page pointer.
341 start_pg
= pfn_to_page(start_pfn
- 1) + 1;
342 end_pg
= pfn_to_page(end_pfn
- 1) + 1;
345 * Convert to physical addresses, and
346 * round start upwards and end downwards.
348 pg
= PAGE_ALIGN(__pa(start_pg
));
349 pgend
= __pa(end_pg
) & PAGE_MASK
;
352 * If there are free pages between these,
353 * free the section of the memmap array.
356 memblock_free_early(pg
, pgend
- pg
);
360 * The mem_map array can get very big. Free the unused area of the memory map.
362 static void __init
free_unused_memmap(void)
364 unsigned long start
, prev_end
= 0;
365 struct memblock_region
*reg
;
368 * This relies on each bank being in address order.
369 * The banks are sorted previously in bootmem_init().
371 for_each_memblock(memory
, reg
) {
372 start
= memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg
);
374 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
376 * Take care not to free memmap entries that don't exist
377 * due to SPARSEMEM sections which aren't present.
380 ALIGN(prev_end
, PAGES_PER_SECTION
));
383 * Align down here since the VM subsystem insists that the
384 * memmap entries are valid from the bank start aligned to
385 * MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES.
387 start
= round_down(start
, MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES
);
390 * If we had a previous bank, and there is a space
391 * between the current bank and the previous, free it.
393 if (prev_end
&& prev_end
< start
)
394 free_memmap(prev_end
, start
);
397 * Align up here since the VM subsystem insists that the
398 * memmap entries are valid from the bank end aligned to
399 * MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES.
401 prev_end
= ALIGN(memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg
),
405 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
406 if (!IS_ALIGNED(prev_end
, PAGES_PER_SECTION
))
407 free_memmap(prev_end
,
408 ALIGN(prev_end
, PAGES_PER_SECTION
));
412 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
413 static inline void free_area_high(unsigned long pfn
, unsigned long end
)
415 for (; pfn
< end
; pfn
++)
416 free_highmem_page(pfn_to_page(pfn
));
420 static void __init
free_highpages(void)
422 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
423 unsigned long max_low
= max_low_pfn
;
424 struct memblock_region
*mem
, *res
;
426 /* set highmem page free */
427 for_each_memblock(memory
, mem
) {
428 unsigned long start
= memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(mem
);
429 unsigned long end
= memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(mem
);
431 /* Ignore complete lowmem entries */
435 /* Truncate partial highmem entries */
439 /* Find and exclude any reserved regions */
440 for_each_memblock(reserved
, res
) {
441 unsigned long res_start
, res_end
;
443 res_start
= memblock_region_reserved_base_pfn(res
);
444 res_end
= memblock_region_reserved_end_pfn(res
);
448 if (res_start
< start
)
454 if (res_start
!= start
)
455 free_area_high(start
, res_start
);
461 /* And now free anything which remains */
463 free_area_high(start
, end
);
469 * mem_init() marks the free areas in the mem_map and tells us how much
470 * memory is free. This is done after various parts of the system have
471 * claimed their memory after the kernel image.
473 void __init
mem_init(void)
475 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
476 /* These pointers are filled in on TCM detection */
481 set_max_mapnr(pfn_to_page(max_pfn
) - mem_map
);
483 /* this will put all unused low memory onto the freelists */
484 free_unused_memmap();
488 /* now that our DMA memory is actually so designated, we can free it */
489 free_reserved_area(__va(PHYS_OFFSET
), swapper_pg_dir
, -1, NULL
);
494 mem_init_print_info(NULL
);
496 #define MLK(b, t) b, t, ((t) - (b)) >> 10
497 #define MLM(b, t) b, t, ((t) - (b)) >> 20
498 #define MLK_ROUNDUP(b, t) b, t, DIV_ROUND_UP(((t) - (b)), SZ_1K)
500 pr_notice("Virtual kernel memory layout:\n"
501 " vector : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
502 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
503 " DTCM : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
504 " ITCM : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
506 " fixmap : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
507 " vmalloc : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
508 " lowmem : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
509 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
510 " pkmap : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
512 #ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
513 " modules : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
515 " .text : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4td kB)\n"
516 " .init : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4td kB)\n"
517 " .data : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4td kB)\n"
518 " .bss : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4td kB)\n",
520 MLK(UL(CONFIG_VECTORS_BASE
), UL(CONFIG_VECTORS_BASE
) +
522 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
523 MLK(DTCM_OFFSET
, (unsigned long) dtcm_end
),
524 MLK(ITCM_OFFSET
, (unsigned long) itcm_end
),
526 MLK(FIXADDR_START
, FIXADDR_END
),
527 MLM(VMALLOC_START
, VMALLOC_END
),
528 MLM(PAGE_OFFSET
, (unsigned long)high_memory
),
529 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
530 MLM(PKMAP_BASE
, (PKMAP_BASE
) + (LAST_PKMAP
) *
533 #ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
534 MLM(MODULES_VADDR
, MODULES_END
),
537 MLK_ROUNDUP(_text
, _etext
),
538 MLK_ROUNDUP(__init_begin
, __init_end
),
539 MLK_ROUNDUP(_sdata
, _edata
),
540 MLK_ROUNDUP(__bss_start
, __bss_stop
));
547 * Check boundaries twice: Some fundamental inconsistencies can
548 * be detected at build time already.
551 BUILD_BUG_ON(TASK_SIZE
> MODULES_VADDR
);
552 BUG_ON(TASK_SIZE
> MODULES_VADDR
);
555 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
556 BUILD_BUG_ON(PKMAP_BASE
+ LAST_PKMAP
* PAGE_SIZE
> PAGE_OFFSET
);
557 BUG_ON(PKMAP_BASE
+ LAST_PKMAP
* PAGE_SIZE
> PAGE_OFFSET
);
560 if (PAGE_SIZE
>= 16384 && get_num_physpages() <= 128) {
561 extern int sysctl_overcommit_memory
;
563 * On a machine this small we won't get
564 * anywhere without overcommit, so turn
567 sysctl_overcommit_memory
= OVERCOMMIT_ALWAYS
;
571 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM_KERNMEM_PERMS
572 struct section_perm
{
580 static struct section_perm nx_perms
[] = {
581 /* Make pages tables, etc before _stext RW (set NX). */
583 .start
= PAGE_OFFSET
,
584 .end
= (unsigned long)_stext
,
585 .mask
= ~PMD_SECT_XN
,
588 /* Make init RW (set NX). */
590 .start
= (unsigned long)__init_begin
,
591 .end
= (unsigned long)_sdata
,
592 .mask
= ~PMD_SECT_XN
,
595 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA
596 /* Make rodata NX (set RO in ro_perms below). */
598 .start
= (unsigned long)__start_rodata
,
599 .end
= (unsigned long)__init_begin
,
600 .mask
= ~PMD_SECT_XN
,
606 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA
607 static struct section_perm ro_perms
[] = {
608 /* Make kernel code and rodata RX (set RO). */
610 .start
= (unsigned long)_stext
,
611 .end
= (unsigned long)__init_begin
,
612 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM_LPAE
613 .mask
= ~L_PMD_SECT_RDONLY
,
614 .prot
= L_PMD_SECT_RDONLY
,
616 .mask
= ~(PMD_SECT_APX
| PMD_SECT_AP_WRITE
),
617 .prot
= PMD_SECT_APX
| PMD_SECT_AP_WRITE
,
618 .clear
= PMD_SECT_AP_WRITE
,
625 * Updates section permissions only for the current mm (sections are
626 * copied into each mm). During startup, this is the init_mm. Is only
627 * safe to be called with preemption disabled, as under stop_machine().
629 static inline void section_update(unsigned long addr
, pmdval_t mask
,
632 struct mm_struct
*mm
;
635 mm
= current
->active_mm
;
636 pmd
= pmd_offset(pud_offset(pgd_offset(mm
, addr
), addr
), addr
);
638 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM_LPAE
639 pmd
[0] = __pmd((pmd_val(pmd
[0]) & mask
) | prot
);
641 if (addr
& SECTION_SIZE
)
642 pmd
[1] = __pmd((pmd_val(pmd
[1]) & mask
) | prot
);
644 pmd
[0] = __pmd((pmd_val(pmd
[0]) & mask
) | prot
);
646 flush_pmd_entry(pmd
);
647 local_flush_tlb_kernel_range(addr
, addr
+ SECTION_SIZE
);
650 /* Make sure extended page tables are in use. */
651 static inline bool arch_has_strict_perms(void)
653 if (cpu_architecture() < CPU_ARCH_ARMv6
)
656 return !!(get_cr() & CR_XP
);
659 #define set_section_perms(perms, field) { \
661 unsigned long addr; \
663 if (!arch_has_strict_perms()) \
666 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(perms); i++) { \
667 if (!IS_ALIGNED(perms[i].start, SECTION_SIZE) || \
668 !IS_ALIGNED(perms[i].end, SECTION_SIZE)) { \
669 pr_err("BUG: section %lx-%lx not aligned to %lx\n", \
670 perms[i].start, perms[i].end, \
675 for (addr = perms[i].start; \
676 addr < perms[i].end; \
677 addr += SECTION_SIZE) \
678 section_update(addr, perms[i].mask, \
683 static inline void fix_kernmem_perms(void)
685 set_section_perms(nx_perms
, prot
);
688 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA
689 void mark_rodata_ro(void)
691 set_section_perms(ro_perms
, prot
);
694 void set_kernel_text_rw(void)
696 set_section_perms(ro_perms
, clear
);
699 void set_kernel_text_ro(void)
701 set_section_perms(ro_perms
, prot
);
703 #endif /* CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA */
706 static inline void fix_kernmem_perms(void) { }
707 #endif /* CONFIG_ARM_KERNMEM_PERMS */
709 void free_tcmmem(void)
711 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
712 extern char __tcm_start
, __tcm_end
;
714 poison_init_mem(&__tcm_start
, &__tcm_end
- &__tcm_start
);
715 free_reserved_area(&__tcm_start
, &__tcm_end
, -1, "TCM link");
719 void free_initmem(void)
724 poison_init_mem(__init_begin
, __init_end
- __init_begin
);
725 if (!machine_is_integrator() && !machine_is_cintegrator())
726 free_initmem_default(-1);
729 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
731 static int keep_initrd
;
733 void free_initrd_mem(unsigned long start
, unsigned long end
)
736 if (start
== initrd_start
)
737 start
= round_down(start
, PAGE_SIZE
);
738 if (end
== initrd_end
)
739 end
= round_up(end
, PAGE_SIZE
);
741 poison_init_mem((void *)start
, PAGE_ALIGN(end
) - start
);
742 free_reserved_area((void *)start
, (void *)end
, -1, "initrd");
746 static int __init
keepinitrd_setup(char *__unused
)
752 __setup("keepinitrd", keepinitrd_setup
);