1 Generic Thermal Sysfs driver How To
2 ===================================
4 Written by Sujith Thomas <sujith.thomas@intel.com>, Zhang Rui <rui.zhang@intel.com>
6 Updated: 2 January 2008
8 Copyright (c) 2008 Intel Corporation
13 The generic thermal sysfs provides a set of interfaces for thermal zone
14 devices (sensors) and thermal cooling devices (fan, processor...) to register
15 with the thermal management solution and to be a part of it.
17 This how-to focuses on enabling new thermal zone and cooling devices to
18 participate in thermal management.
19 This solution is platform independent and any type of thermal zone devices
20 and cooling devices should be able to make use of the infrastructure.
22 The main task of the thermal sysfs driver is to expose thermal zone attributes
23 as well as cooling device attributes to the user space.
24 An intelligent thermal management application can make decisions based on
25 inputs from thermal zone attributes (the current temperature and trip point
26 temperature) and throttle appropriate devices.
28 [0-*] denotes any positive number starting from 0
29 [1-*] denotes any positive number starting from 1
31 1. thermal sysfs driver interface functions
33 1.1 thermal zone device interface
34 1.1.1 struct thermal_zone_device *thermal_zone_device_register(char *type,
35 int trips, int mask, void *devdata,
36 struct thermal_zone_device_ops *ops,
37 const struct thermal_zone_params *tzp,
38 int passive_delay, int polling_delay))
40 This interface function adds a new thermal zone device (sensor) to
41 /sys/class/thermal folder as thermal_zone[0-*]. It tries to bind all the
42 thermal cooling devices registered at the same time.
44 type: the thermal zone type.
45 trips: the total number of trip points this thermal zone supports.
46 mask: Bit string: If 'n'th bit is set, then trip point 'n' is writeable.
47 devdata: device private data
48 ops: thermal zone device call-backs.
49 .bind: bind the thermal zone device with a thermal cooling device.
50 .unbind: unbind the thermal zone device with a thermal cooling device.
51 .get_temp: get the current temperature of the thermal zone.
52 .set_trips: set the trip points window. Whenever the current temperature
53 is updated, the trip points immediately below and above the
54 current temperature are found.
55 .get_mode: get the current mode (enabled/disabled) of the thermal zone.
56 - "enabled" means the kernel thermal management is enabled.
57 - "disabled" will prevent kernel thermal driver action upon trip points
58 so that user applications can take charge of thermal management.
59 .set_mode: set the mode (enabled/disabled) of the thermal zone.
60 .get_trip_type: get the type of certain trip point.
61 .get_trip_temp: get the temperature above which the certain trip point
63 .set_emul_temp: set the emulation temperature which helps in debugging
64 different threshold temperature points.
65 tzp: thermal zone platform parameters.
66 passive_delay: number of milliseconds to wait between polls when
67 performing passive cooling.
68 polling_delay: number of milliseconds to wait between polls when checking
69 whether trip points have been crossed (0 for interrupt driven systems).
72 1.1.2 void thermal_zone_device_unregister(struct thermal_zone_device *tz)
74 This interface function removes the thermal zone device.
75 It deletes the corresponding entry from /sys/class/thermal folder and
76 unbinds all the thermal cooling devices it uses.
78 1.1.3 struct thermal_zone_device *thermal_zone_of_sensor_register(
79 struct device *dev, int sensor_id, void *data,
80 const struct thermal_zone_of_device_ops *ops)
82 This interface adds a new sensor to a DT thermal zone.
83 This function will search the list of thermal zones described in
84 device tree and look for the zone that refer to the sensor device
85 pointed by dev->of_node as temperature providers. For the zone
86 pointing to the sensor node, the sensor will be added to the DT
89 The parameters for this interface are:
90 dev: Device node of sensor containing valid node pointer in
92 sensor_id: a sensor identifier, in case the sensor IP has more
94 data: a private pointer (owned by the caller) that will be
95 passed back, when a temperature reading is needed.
96 ops: struct thermal_zone_of_device_ops *.
98 get_temp: a pointer to a function that reads the
99 sensor temperature. This is mandatory
100 callback provided by sensor driver.
101 set_trips: a pointer to a function that sets a
102 temperature window. When this window is
103 left the driver must inform the thermal
104 core via thermal_zone_device_update.
105 get_trend: a pointer to a function that reads the
106 sensor temperature trend.
107 set_emul_temp: a pointer to a function that sets
108 sensor emulated temperature.
109 The thermal zone temperature is provided by the get_temp() function
110 pointer of thermal_zone_of_device_ops. When called, it will
111 have the private pointer @data back.
113 It returns error pointer if fails otherwise valid thermal zone device
114 handle. Caller should check the return handle with IS_ERR() for finding
115 whether success or not.
117 1.1.4 void thermal_zone_of_sensor_unregister(struct device *dev,
118 struct thermal_zone_device *tzd)
120 This interface unregisters a sensor from a DT thermal zone which was
121 successfully added by interface thermal_zone_of_sensor_register().
122 This function removes the sensor callbacks and private data from the
123 thermal zone device registered with thermal_zone_of_sensor_register()
124 interface. It will also silent the zone by remove the .get_temp() and
125 get_trend() thermal zone device callbacks.
127 1.1.5 struct thermal_zone_device *devm_thermal_zone_of_sensor_register(
128 struct device *dev, int sensor_id,
129 void *data, const struct thermal_zone_of_device_ops *ops)
131 This interface is resource managed version of
132 thermal_zone_of_sensor_register().
133 All details of thermal_zone_of_sensor_register() described in
134 section 1.1.3 is applicable here.
135 The benefit of using this interface to register sensor is that it
136 is not require to explicitly call thermal_zone_of_sensor_unregister()
137 in error path or during driver unbinding as this is done by driver
140 1.1.6 void devm_thermal_zone_of_sensor_unregister(struct device *dev,
141 struct thermal_zone_device *tzd)
143 This interface is resource managed version of
144 thermal_zone_of_sensor_unregister().
145 All details of thermal_zone_of_sensor_unregister() described in
146 section 1.1.4 is applicable here.
147 Normally this function will not need to be called and the resource
148 management code will ensure that the resource is freed.
150 1.1.7 int thermal_zone_get_slope(struct thermal_zone_device *tz)
152 This interface is used to read the slope attribute value
153 for the thermal zone device, which might be useful for platform
154 drivers for temperature calculations.
156 1.1.8 int thermal_zone_get_offset(struct thermal_zone_device *tz)
158 This interface is used to read the offset attribute value
159 for the thermal zone device, which might be useful for platform
160 drivers for temperature calculations.
162 1.2 thermal cooling device interface
163 1.2.1 struct thermal_cooling_device *thermal_cooling_device_register(char *name,
164 void *devdata, struct thermal_cooling_device_ops *)
166 This interface function adds a new thermal cooling device (fan/processor/...)
167 to /sys/class/thermal/ folder as cooling_device[0-*]. It tries to bind itself
168 to all the thermal zone devices registered at the same time.
169 name: the cooling device name.
170 devdata: device private data.
171 ops: thermal cooling devices call-backs.
172 .get_max_state: get the Maximum throttle state of the cooling device.
173 .get_cur_state: get the Currently requested throttle state of the cooling device.
174 .set_cur_state: set the Current throttle state of the cooling device.
176 1.2.2 void thermal_cooling_device_unregister(struct thermal_cooling_device *cdev)
178 This interface function removes the thermal cooling device.
179 It deletes the corresponding entry from /sys/class/thermal folder and
180 unbinds itself from all the thermal zone devices using it.
182 1.3 interface for binding a thermal zone device with a thermal cooling device
183 1.3.1 int thermal_zone_bind_cooling_device(struct thermal_zone_device *tz,
184 int trip, struct thermal_cooling_device *cdev,
185 unsigned long upper, unsigned long lower, unsigned int weight);
187 This interface function binds a thermal cooling device to a particular trip
188 point of a thermal zone device.
189 This function is usually called in the thermal zone device .bind callback.
190 tz: the thermal zone device
191 cdev: thermal cooling device
192 trip: indicates which trip point in this thermal zone the cooling device
194 upper:the Maximum cooling state for this trip point.
195 THERMAL_NO_LIMIT means no upper limit,
196 and the cooling device can be in max_state.
197 lower:the Minimum cooling state can be used for this trip point.
198 THERMAL_NO_LIMIT means no lower limit,
199 and the cooling device can be in cooling state 0.
200 weight: the influence of this cooling device in this thermal
201 zone. See 1.4.1 below for more information.
203 1.3.2 int thermal_zone_unbind_cooling_device(struct thermal_zone_device *tz,
204 int trip, struct thermal_cooling_device *cdev);
206 This interface function unbinds a thermal cooling device from a particular
207 trip point of a thermal zone device. This function is usually called in
208 the thermal zone device .unbind callback.
209 tz: the thermal zone device
210 cdev: thermal cooling device
211 trip: indicates which trip point in this thermal zone the cooling device
214 1.4 Thermal Zone Parameters
215 1.4.1 struct thermal_bind_params
216 This structure defines the following parameters that are used to bind
217 a zone with a cooling device for a particular trip point.
218 .cdev: The cooling device pointer
219 .weight: The 'influence' of a particular cooling device on this
220 zone. This is relative to the rest of the cooling
221 devices. For example, if all cooling devices have a
222 weight of 1, then they all contribute the same. You can
223 use percentages if you want, but it's not mandatory. A
224 weight of 0 means that this cooling device doesn't
225 contribute to the cooling of this zone unless all cooling
226 devices have a weight of 0. If all weights are 0, then
227 they all contribute the same.
228 .trip_mask:This is a bit mask that gives the binding relation between
229 this thermal zone and cdev, for a particular trip point.
230 If nth bit is set, then the cdev and thermal zone are bound
232 .binding_limits: This is an array of cooling state limits. Must have
233 exactly 2 * thermal_zone.number_of_trip_points. It is an
234 array consisting of tuples <lower-state upper-state> of
235 state limits. Each trip will be associated with one state
236 limit tuple when binding. A NULL pointer means
237 <THERMAL_NO_LIMITS THERMAL_NO_LIMITS> on all trips.
238 These limits are used when binding a cdev to a trip point.
239 .match: This call back returns success(0) if the 'tz and cdev' need to
240 be bound, as per platform data.
241 1.4.2 struct thermal_zone_params
242 This structure defines the platform level parameters for a thermal zone.
243 This data, for each thermal zone should come from the platform layer.
244 This is an optional feature where some platforms can choose not to
246 .governor_name: Name of the thermal governor used for this zone
247 .no_hwmon: a boolean to indicate if the thermal to hwmon sysfs interface
248 is required. when no_hwmon == false, a hwmon sysfs interface
249 will be created. when no_hwmon == true, nothing will be done.
250 In case the thermal_zone_params is NULL, the hwmon interface
251 will be created (for backward compatibility).
252 .num_tbps: Number of thermal_bind_params entries for this zone
253 .tbp: thermal_bind_params entries
255 2. sysfs attributes structure
261 Thermal sysfs attributes will be represented under /sys/class/thermal.
262 Hwmon sysfs I/F extension is also available under /sys/class/hwmon
263 if hwmon is compiled in or built as a module.
265 Thermal zone device sys I/F, created once it's registered:
266 /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone[0-*]:
267 |---type: Type of the thermal zone
268 |---temp: Current temperature
269 |---mode: Working mode of the thermal zone
270 |---policy: Thermal governor used for this zone
271 |---available_policies: Available thermal governors for this zone
272 |---trip_point_[0-*]_temp: Trip point temperature
273 |---trip_point_[0-*]_type: Trip point type
274 |---trip_point_[0-*]_hyst: Hysteresis value for this trip point
275 |---emul_temp: Emulated temperature set node
276 |---sustainable_power: Sustainable dissipatable power
277 |---k_po: Proportional term during temperature overshoot
278 |---k_pu: Proportional term during temperature undershoot
279 |---k_i: PID's integral term in the power allocator gov
280 |---k_d: PID's derivative term in the power allocator
281 |---integral_cutoff: Offset above which errors are accumulated
282 |---slope: Slope constant applied as linear extrapolation
283 |---offset: Offset constant applied as linear extrapolation
285 Thermal cooling device sys I/F, created once it's registered:
286 /sys/class/thermal/cooling_device[0-*]:
287 |---type: Type of the cooling device(processor/fan/...)
288 |---max_state: Maximum cooling state of the cooling device
289 |---cur_state: Current cooling state of the cooling device
290 |---stats: Directory containing cooling device's statistics
291 |---stats/reset: Writing any value resets the statistics
292 |---stats/time_in_state_ms: Time (msec) spent in various cooling states
293 |---stats/total_trans: Total number of times cooling state is changed
294 |---stats/trans_table: Cooing state transition table
297 Then next two dynamic attributes are created/removed in pairs. They represent
298 the relationship between a thermal zone and its associated cooling device.
299 They are created/removed for each successful execution of
300 thermal_zone_bind_cooling_device/thermal_zone_unbind_cooling_device.
302 /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone[0-*]:
303 |---cdev[0-*]: [0-*]th cooling device in current thermal zone
304 |---cdev[0-*]_trip_point: Trip point that cdev[0-*] is associated with
305 |---cdev[0-*]_weight: Influence of the cooling device in
308 Besides the thermal zone device sysfs I/F and cooling device sysfs I/F,
309 the generic thermal driver also creates a hwmon sysfs I/F for each _type_
310 of thermal zone device. E.g. the generic thermal driver registers one hwmon
311 class device and build the associated hwmon sysfs I/F for all the registered
314 /sys/class/hwmon/hwmon[0-*]:
315 |---name: The type of the thermal zone devices
316 |---temp[1-*]_input: The current temperature of thermal zone [1-*]
317 |---temp[1-*]_critical: The critical trip point of thermal zone [1-*]
319 Please read Documentation/hwmon/sysfs-interface for additional information.
321 ***************************
322 * Thermal zone attributes *
323 ***************************
326 Strings which represent the thermal zone type.
327 This is given by thermal zone driver as part of registration.
328 E.g: "acpitz" indicates it's an ACPI thermal device.
329 In order to keep it consistent with hwmon sys attribute; this should
330 be a short, lowercase string, not containing spaces nor dashes.
334 Current temperature as reported by thermal zone (sensor).
335 Unit: millidegree Celsius
339 One of the predefined values in [enabled, disabled].
340 This file gives information about the algorithm that is currently
341 managing the thermal zone. It can be either default kernel based
342 algorithm or user space application.
343 enabled = enable Kernel Thermal management.
344 disabled = Preventing kernel thermal zone driver actions upon
345 trip points so that user application can take full
346 charge of the thermal management.
350 One of the various thermal governors used for a particular zone.
354 Available thermal governors which can be used for a particular zone.
357 trip_point_[0-*]_temp
358 The temperature above which trip point will be fired.
359 Unit: millidegree Celsius
362 trip_point_[0-*]_type
363 Strings which indicate the type of the trip point.
364 E.g. it can be one of critical, hot, passive, active[0-*] for ACPI
368 trip_point_[0-*]_hyst
369 The hysteresis value for a trip point, represented as an integer
374 Sysfs link to the thermal cooling device node where the sys I/F
375 for cooling device throttling control represents.
379 The trip point in this thermal zone which cdev[0-*] is associated
380 with; -1 means the cooling device is not associated with any trip
385 The influence of cdev[0-*] in this thermal zone. This value
386 is relative to the rest of cooling devices in the thermal
387 zone. For example, if a cooling device has a weight double
388 than that of other, it's twice as effective in cooling the
393 Attribute is only present for zones in which the passive cooling
394 policy is not supported by native thermal driver. Default is zero
395 and can be set to a temperature (in millidegrees) to enable a
396 passive trip point for the zone. Activation is done by polling with
397 an interval of 1 second.
398 Unit: millidegrees Celsius
399 Valid values: 0 (disabled) or greater than 1000
403 Interface to set the emulated temperature method in thermal zone
404 (sensor). After setting this temperature, the thermal zone may pass
405 this temperature to platform emulation function if registered or
406 cache it locally. This is useful in debugging different temperature
407 threshold and its associated cooling action. This is write only node
408 and writing 0 on this node should disable emulation.
409 Unit: millidegree Celsius
412 WARNING: Be careful while enabling this option on production systems,
413 because userland can easily disable the thermal policy by simply
414 flooding this sysfs node with low temperature values.
417 An estimate of the sustained power that can be dissipated by
418 the thermal zone. Used by the power allocator governor. For
419 more information see Documentation/thermal/power_allocator.txt
424 The proportional term of the power allocator governor's PID
425 controller during temperature overshoot. Temperature overshoot
426 is when the current temperature is above the "desired
427 temperature" trip point. For more information see
428 Documentation/thermal/power_allocator.txt
432 The proportional term of the power allocator governor's PID
433 controller during temperature undershoot. Temperature undershoot
434 is when the current temperature is below the "desired
435 temperature" trip point. For more information see
436 Documentation/thermal/power_allocator.txt
440 The integral term of the power allocator governor's PID
441 controller. This term allows the PID controller to compensate
442 for long term drift. For more information see
443 Documentation/thermal/power_allocator.txt
447 The derivative term of the power allocator governor's PID
448 controller. For more information see
449 Documentation/thermal/power_allocator.txt
453 Temperature offset from the desired temperature trip point
454 above which the integral term of the power allocator
455 governor's PID controller starts accumulating errors. For
456 example, if integral_cutoff is 0, then the integral term only
457 accumulates error when temperature is above the desired
458 temperature trip point. For more information see
459 Documentation/thermal/power_allocator.txt
460 Unit: millidegree Celsius
464 The slope constant used in a linear extrapolation model
465 to determine a hotspot temperature based off the sensor's
466 raw readings. It is up to the device driver to determine
467 the usage of these values.
471 The offset constant used in a linear extrapolation model
472 to determine a hotspot temperature based off the sensor's
473 raw readings. It is up to the device driver to determine
474 the usage of these values.
477 *****************************
478 * Cooling device attributes *
479 *****************************
482 String which represents the type of device, e.g:
483 - for generic ACPI: should be "Fan", "Processor" or "LCD"
484 - for memory controller device on intel_menlow platform:
485 should be "Memory controller".
489 The maximum permissible cooling state of this cooling device.
493 The current cooling state of this cooling device.
494 The value can any integer numbers between 0 and max_state:
495 - cur_state == 0 means no cooling
496 - cur_state == max_state means the maximum cooling.
500 Writing any value resets the cooling device's statistics.
503 stats/time_in_state_ms:
504 The amount of time spent by the cooling device in various cooling
505 states. The output will have "<state> <time>" pair in each line, which
506 will mean this cooling device spent <time> msec of time at <state>.
507 Output will have one line for each of the supported states. usertime
508 units here is 10mS (similar to other time exported in /proc).
512 A single positive value showing the total number of times the state of a
513 cooling device is changed.
517 This gives fine grained information about all the cooling state
518 transitions. The cat output here is a two dimensional matrix, where an
519 entry <i,j> (row i, column j) represents the number of transitions from
520 State_i to State_j. If the transition table is bigger than PAGE_SIZE,
521 reading this will return an -EFBIG error.
524 3. A simple implementation
526 ACPI thermal zone may support multiple trip points like critical, hot,
527 passive, active. If an ACPI thermal zone supports critical, passive,
528 active[0] and active[1] at the same time, it may register itself as a
529 thermal_zone_device (thermal_zone1) with 4 trip points in all.
530 It has one processor and one fan, which are both registered as
531 thermal_cooling_device. Both are considered to have the same
532 effectiveness in cooling the thermal zone.
534 If the processor is listed in _PSL method, and the fan is listed in _AL0
535 method, the sys I/F structure will be built like this:
543 |---policy: step_wise
544 |---available_policies: step_wise fair_share
545 |---trip_point_0_temp: 100000
546 |---trip_point_0_type: critical
547 |---trip_point_1_temp: 80000
548 |---trip_point_1_type: passive
549 |---trip_point_2_temp: 70000
550 |---trip_point_2_type: active0
551 |---trip_point_3_temp: 60000
552 |---trip_point_3_type: active1
553 |---cdev0: --->/sys/class/thermal/cooling_device0
554 |---cdev0_trip_point: 1 /* cdev0 can be used for passive */
555 |---cdev0_weight: 1024
556 |---cdev1: --->/sys/class/thermal/cooling_device3
557 |---cdev1_trip_point: 2 /* cdev1 can be used for active[0]*/
558 |---cdev1_weight: 1024
574 |---temp1_input: 37000
575 |---temp1_crit: 100000
577 4. Event Notification
579 The framework includes a simple notification mechanism, in the form of a
580 netlink event. Netlink socket initialization is done during the _init_
581 of the framework. Drivers which intend to use the notification mechanism
582 just need to call thermal_generate_netlink_event() with two arguments viz
583 (originator, event). The originator is a pointer to struct thermal_zone_device
584 from where the event has been originated. An integer which represents the
585 thermal zone device will be used in the message to identify the zone. The
586 event will be one of:{THERMAL_AUX0, THERMAL_AUX1, THERMAL_CRITICAL,
587 THERMAL_DEV_FAULT}. Notification can be sent when the current temperature
588 crosses any of the configured thresholds.
590 5. Export Symbol APIs:
593 This function returns the trend of a thermal zone, i.e the rate of change
594 of temperature of the thermal zone. Ideally, the thermal sensor drivers
595 are supposed to implement the callback. If they don't, the thermal
596 framework calculated the trend by comparing the previous and the current
599 5.2:get_thermal_instance:
600 This function returns the thermal_instance corresponding to a given
601 {thermal_zone, cooling_device, trip_point} combination. Returns NULL
602 if such an instance does not exist.
604 5.3:thermal_notify_framework:
605 This function handles the trip events from sensor drivers. It starts
606 throttling the cooling devices according to the policy configured.
607 For CRITICAL and HOT trip points, this notifies the respective drivers,
608 and does actual throttling for other trip points i.e ACTIVE and PASSIVE.
609 The throttling policy is based on the configured platform data; if no
610 platform data is provided, this uses the step_wise throttling policy.
612 5.4:thermal_cdev_update:
613 This function serves as an arbitrator to set the state of a cooling
614 device. It sets the cooling device to the deepest cooling state if
617 6. thermal_emergency_poweroff:
619 On an event of critical trip temperature crossing. Thermal framework
620 allows the system to shutdown gracefully by calling orderly_poweroff().
621 In the event of a failure of orderly_poweroff() to shut down the system
622 we are in danger of keeping the system alive at undesirably high
623 temperatures. To mitigate this high risk scenario we program a work
624 queue to fire after a pre-determined number of seconds to start
625 an emergency shutdown of the device using the kernel_power_off()
626 function. In case kernel_power_off() fails then finally
627 emergency_restart() is called in the worst case.
629 The delay should be carefully profiled so as to give adequate time for
630 orderly_poweroff(). In case of failure of an orderly_poweroff() the
631 emergency poweroff kicks in after the delay has elapsed and shuts down
634 If set to 0 emergency poweroff will not be supported. So a carefully
635 profiled non-zero positive value is a must for emergerncy poweroff to be