1 Buffer Sharing and Synchronization
2 ==================================
4 The dma-buf subsystem provides the framework for sharing buffers for
5 hardware (DMA) access across multiple device drivers and subsystems, and
6 for synchronizing asynchronous hardware access.
8 This is used, for example, by drm "prime" multi-GPU support, but is of
9 course not limited to GPU use cases.
11 The three main components of this are: (1) dma-buf, representing a
12 sg_table and exposed to userspace as a file descriptor to allow passing
13 between devices, (2) fence, which provides a mechanism to signal when
14 one device as finished access, and (3) reservation, which manages the
15 shared or exclusive fence(s) associated with the buffer.
20 This document serves as a guide to device-driver writers on what is the dma-buf
21 buffer sharing API, how to use it for exporting and using shared buffers.
23 Any device driver which wishes to be a part of DMA buffer sharing, can do so as
24 either the 'exporter' of buffers, or the 'user' or 'importer' of buffers.
26 Say a driver A wants to use buffers created by driver B, then we call B as the
27 exporter, and A as buffer-user/importer.
31 - implements and manages operations in :c:type:`struct dma_buf_ops
32 <dma_buf_ops>` for the buffer,
33 - allows other users to share the buffer by using dma_buf sharing APIs,
34 - manages the details of buffer allocation, wrapped int a :c:type:`struct
36 - decides about the actual backing storage where this allocation happens,
37 - and takes care of any migration of scatterlist - for all (shared) users of
42 - is one of (many) sharing users of the buffer.
43 - doesn't need to worry about how the buffer is allocated, or where.
44 - and needs a mechanism to get access to the scatterlist that makes up this
45 buffer in memory, mapped into its own address space, so it can access the
46 same area of memory. This interface is provided by :c:type:`struct
47 dma_buf_attachment <dma_buf_attachment>`.
49 Any exporters or users of the dma-buf buffer sharing framework must have a
50 'select DMA_SHARED_BUFFER' in their respective Kconfigs.
52 Userspace Interface Notes
53 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
55 Mostly a DMA buffer file descriptor is simply an opaque object for userspace,
56 and hence the generic interface exposed is very minimal. There's a few things to
59 - Since kernel 3.12 the dma-buf FD supports the llseek system call, but only
60 with offset=0 and whence=SEEK_END|SEEK_SET. SEEK_SET is supported to allow
61 the usual size discover pattern size = SEEK_END(0); SEEK_SET(0). Every other
62 llseek operation will report -EINVAL.
64 If llseek on dma-buf FDs isn't support the kernel will report -ESPIPE for all
65 cases. Userspace can use this to detect support for discovering the dma-buf
68 - In order to avoid fd leaks on exec, the FD_CLOEXEC flag must be set
69 on the file descriptor. This is not just a resource leak, but a
70 potential security hole. It could give the newly exec'd application
71 access to buffers, via the leaked fd, to which it should otherwise
72 not be permitted access.
74 The problem with doing this via a separate fcntl() call, versus doing it
75 atomically when the fd is created, is that this is inherently racy in a
76 multi-threaded app[3]. The issue is made worse when it is library code
77 opening/creating the file descriptor, as the application may not even be
80 To avoid this problem, userspace must have a way to request O_CLOEXEC
81 flag be set when the dma-buf fd is created. So any API provided by
82 the exporting driver to create a dmabuf fd must provide a way to let
83 userspace control setting of O_CLOEXEC flag passed in to dma_buf_fd().
85 - Memory mapping the contents of the DMA buffer is also supported. See the
86 discussion below on `CPU Access to DMA Buffer Objects`_ for the full details.
88 - The DMA buffer FD is also pollable, see `Fence Poll Support`_ below for
91 Basic Operation and Device DMA Access
92 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
94 .. kernel-doc:: drivers/dma-buf/dma-buf.c
95 :doc: dma buf device access
97 CPU Access to DMA Buffer Objects
98 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
100 .. kernel-doc:: drivers/dma-buf/dma-buf.c
106 .. kernel-doc:: drivers/dma-buf/dma-buf.c
109 Kernel Functions and Structures Reference
110 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
112 .. kernel-doc:: drivers/dma-buf/dma-buf.c
115 .. kernel-doc:: include/linux/dma-buf.h
121 .. kernel-doc:: drivers/dma-buf/reservation.c
122 :doc: Reservation Object Overview
124 .. kernel-doc:: drivers/dma-buf/reservation.c
127 .. kernel-doc:: include/linux/reservation.h
133 .. kernel-doc:: drivers/dma-buf/dma-fence.c
136 .. kernel-doc:: include/linux/dma-fence.h
139 Seqno Hardware Fences
140 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
142 .. kernel-doc:: drivers/dma-buf/seqno-fence.c
145 .. kernel-doc:: include/linux/seqno-fence.h
151 .. kernel-doc:: drivers/dma-buf/dma-fence-array.c
154 .. kernel-doc:: include/linux/dma-fence-array.h
157 DMA Fence uABI/Sync File
158 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
160 .. kernel-doc:: drivers/dma-buf/sync_file.c
163 .. kernel-doc:: include/linux/sync_file.h