1 I\ :sup:`2`\ C and SMBus Subsystem
2 ==================================
4 I\ :sup:`2`\ C (or without fancy typography, "I2C") is an acronym for
5 the "Inter-IC" bus, a simple bus protocol which is widely used where low
6 data rate communications suffice. Since it's also a licensed trademark,
7 some vendors use another name (such as "Two-Wire Interface", TWI) for
8 the same bus. I2C only needs two signals (SCL for clock, SDA for data),
9 conserving board real estate and minimizing signal quality issues. Most
10 I2C devices use seven bit addresses, and bus speeds of up to 400 kHz;
11 there's a high speed extension (3.4 MHz) that's not yet found wide use.
12 I2C is a multi-master bus; open drain signaling is used to arbitrate
13 between masters, as well as to handshake and to synchronize clocks from
16 The Linux I2C programming interfaces support only the master side of bus
17 interactions, not the slave side. The programming interface is
18 structured around two kinds of driver, and two kinds of device. An I2C
19 "Adapter Driver" abstracts the controller hardware; it binds to a
20 physical device (perhaps a PCI device or platform_device) and exposes a
21 :c:type:`struct i2c_adapter <i2c_adapter>` representing each
22 I2C bus segment it manages. On each I2C bus segment will be I2C devices
23 represented by a :c:type:`struct i2c_client <i2c_client>`.
24 Those devices will be bound to a :c:type:`struct i2c_driver
25 <i2c_driver>`, which should follow the standard Linux driver
26 model. (At this writing, a legacy model is more widely used.) There are
27 functions to perform various I2C protocol operations; at this writing
28 all such functions are usable only from task context.
30 The System Management Bus (SMBus) is a sibling protocol. Most SMBus
31 systems are also I2C conformant. The electrical constraints are tighter
32 for SMBus, and it standardizes particular protocol messages and idioms.
33 Controllers that support I2C can also support most SMBus operations, but
34 SMBus controllers don't support all the protocol options that an I2C
35 controller will. There are functions to perform various SMBus protocol
36 operations, either using I2C primitives or by issuing SMBus commands to
37 i2c_adapter devices which don't support those I2C operations.
39 .. kernel-doc:: include/linux/i2c.h
42 .. kernel-doc:: drivers/i2c/i2c-boardinfo.c
43 :functions: i2c_register_board_info
45 .. kernel-doc:: drivers/i2c/i2c-core.c