8 As of 2.6.10, serial devices on ia64 are named based on the
9 order of ACPI and PCI enumeration. The first device in the
10 ACPI namespace (if any) becomes /dev/ttyS0, the second becomes
11 /dev/ttyS1, etc., and PCI devices are named sequentially
12 starting after the ACPI devices.
14 Prior to 2.6.10, there were confusing exceptions to this:
16 - Firmware on some machines (mostly from HP) provides an HCDP
17 table[1] that tells the kernel about devices that can be used
18 as a serial console. If the user specified "console=ttyS0"
19 or the EFI ConOut path contained only UART devices, the
20 kernel registered the device described by the HCDP as
23 - If there was no HCDP, we assumed there were UARTs at the
24 legacy COM port addresses (I/O ports 0x3f8 and 0x2f8), so
25 the kernel registered those as /dev/ttyS0 and /dev/ttyS1.
27 Any additional ACPI or PCI devices were registered sequentially
28 after /dev/ttyS0 as they were discovered.
30 With an HCDP, device names changed depending on EFI configuration
31 and "console=" arguments. Without an HCDP, device names didn't
32 change, but we registered devices that might not really exist.
34 For example, an HP rx1600 with a single built-in serial port
35 (described in the ACPI namespace) plus an MP[2] (a PCI device) has
38 ========== ========== ============ ============ =======
39 Type MMIO pre-2.6.10 pre-2.6.10 2.6.10+
41 (EFI console (EFI console
42 on builtin) on MP port)
43 ========== ========== ============ ============ =======
44 builtin 0xff5e0000 ttyS0 ttyS1 ttyS0
45 MP UPS 0xf8031000 ttyS1 ttyS2 ttyS1
46 MP Console 0xf8030000 ttyS2 ttyS0 ttyS2
47 MP 2 0xf8030010 ttyS3 ttyS3 ttyS3
48 MP 3 0xf8030038 ttyS4 ttyS4 ttyS4
49 ========== ========== ============ ============ =======
54 EFI knows what your console devices are, but it doesn't tell the
55 kernel quite enough to actually locate them. The DIG64 HCDP
56 table[1] does tell the kernel where potential serial console
57 devices are, but not all firmware supplies it. Also, EFI supports
58 multiple simultaneous consoles and doesn't tell the kernel which
59 should be the "primary" one.
61 So how do you tell Linux which console device to use?
63 - If your firmware supplies the HCDP, it is simplest to
64 configure EFI with a single device (either a UART or a VGA
65 card) as the console. Then you don't need to tell Linux
66 anything; the kernel will automatically use the EFI console.
68 (This works only in 2.6.6 or later; prior to that you had
69 to specify "console=ttyS0" to get a serial console.)
71 - Without an HCDP, Linux defaults to a VGA console unless you
72 specify a "console=" argument.
74 NOTE: Don't assume that a serial console device will be /dev/ttyS0.
75 It might be ttyS1, ttyS2, etc. Make sure you have the appropriate
76 entries in /etc/inittab (for getty) and /etc/securetty (to allow
82 The kernel can't start using a serial console until it knows where
83 the device lives. Normally this happens when the driver enumerates
84 all the serial devices, which can happen a minute or more after the
85 kernel starts booting.
87 2.6.10 and later kernels have an "early uart" driver that works
88 very early in the boot process. The kernel will automatically use
89 this if the user supplies an argument like "console=uart,io,0x3f8",
90 or if the EFI console path contains only a UART device and the
91 firmware supplies an HCDP.
93 Troubleshooting Serial Console Problems
94 =======================================
96 No kernel output after elilo prints "Uncompressing Linux... done":
98 - You specified "console=ttyS0" but Linux changed the device
99 to which ttyS0 refers. Configure exactly one EFI console
100 device[3] and remove the "console=" option.
102 - The EFI console path contains both a VGA device and a UART.
103 EFI and elilo use both, but Linux defaults to VGA. Remove
104 the VGA device from the EFI console path[3].
106 - Multiple UARTs selected as EFI console devices. EFI and
107 elilo use all selected devices, but Linux uses only one.
108 Make sure only one UART is selected in the EFI console
111 - You're connected to an HP MP port[2] but have a non-MP UART
112 selected as EFI console device. EFI uses the MP as a
113 console device even when it isn't explicitly selected.
114 Either move the console cable to the non-MP UART, or change
115 the EFI console path[3] to the MP UART.
117 Long pause (60+ seconds) between "Uncompressing Linux... done" and
118 start of kernel output:
120 - No early console because you used "console=ttyS<n>". Remove
121 the "console=" option if your firmware supplies an HCDP.
123 - If you don't have an HCDP, the kernel doesn't know where
124 your console lives until the driver discovers serial
125 devices. Use "console=uart,io,0x3f8" (or appropriate
126 address for your machine).
128 Kernel and init script output works fine, but no "login:" prompt:
130 - Add getty entry to /etc/inittab for console tty. Look for
131 the "Adding console on ttyS<n>" message that tells you which
132 device is the console.
134 "login:" prompt, but can't login as root:
136 - Add entry to /etc/securetty for console tty.
138 No ACPI serial devices found in 2.6.17 or later:
140 - Turn on CONFIG_PNP and CONFIG_PNPACPI. Prior to 2.6.17, ACPI
141 serial devices were discovered by 8250_acpi. In 2.6.17,
142 8250_acpi was replaced by the combination of 8250_pnp and
148 http://www.dig64.org/specifications/agreement
149 The table was originally defined as the "HCDP" for "Headless
150 Console/Debug Port." The current version is the "PCDP" for
151 "Primary Console and Debug Port Devices."
154 The HP MP (management processor) is a PCI device that provides
155 several UARTs. One of the UARTs is often used as a console; the
156 EFI Boot Manager identifies it as "Acpi(HWP0002,700)/Pci(...)/Uart".
157 The external connection is usually a 25-pin connector, and a
158 special dongle converts that to three 9-pin connectors, one of
159 which is labelled "Console."
162 EFI console devices are configured using the EFI Boot Manager
163 "Boot option maintenance" menu. You may have to interrupt the
164 boot sequence to use this menu, and you will have to reset the
165 box after changing console configuration.