drivers/usb/wusbcore/crypto.c

   1 /*
   2  * Ultra Wide Band
   3  * AES-128 CCM Encryption
   4  *
   5  * Copyright (C) 2007 Intel Corporation
   6  * Inaky Perez-Gonzalez <inaky.perez-gonzalez@intel.com>
   7  *
   8  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   9  * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version
  10  * 2 as published by the Free Software Foundation.
  11  *
  12  * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  13  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  14  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  15  * GNU General Public License for more details.
  16  *
  17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  18  * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
  19  * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
  20  * 02110-1301, USA.
  21  *
  22  *
  23  * We don't do any encryption here; we use the Linux Kernel's AES-128
  24  * crypto modules to construct keys and payload blocks in a way
  25  * defined by WUSB1.0[6]. Check the erratas, as typos are are patched
  26  * there.
  27  *
  28  * Thanks a zillion to John Keys for his help and clarifications over
  29  * the designed-by-a-committee text.
  30  *
  31  * So the idea is that there is this basic Pseudo-Random-Function
  32  * defined in WUSB1.0[6.5] which is the core of everything. It works
  33  * by tweaking some blocks, AES crypting them and then xoring
  34  * something else with them (this seems to be called CBC(AES) -- can
  35  * you tell I know jack about crypto?). So we just funnel it into the
  36  * Linux Crypto API.
  37  *
  38  * We leave a crypto test module so we can verify that vectors match,
  39  * every now and then.
  40  *
  41  * Block size: 16 bytes -- AES seems to do things in 'block sizes'. I
  42  *             am learning a lot...
  43  *
  44  *             Conveniently, some data structures that need to be
  45  *             funneled through AES are...16 bytes in size!
  46  */
  47
  48 #include <crypto/skcipher.h>
  49 #include <linux/crypto.h>
  50 #include <linux/module.h>
  51 #include <linux/err.h>
  52 #include <linux/uwb.h>
  53 #include <linux/slab.h>
  54 #include <linux/usb/wusb.h>
  55 #include <linux/scatterlist.h>
  56
  57 static int debug_crypto_verify;
  58
  59 module_param(debug_crypto_verify, int, 0);
  60 MODULE_PARM_DESC(debug_crypto_verify, "verify the key generation algorithms");
  61
  62 static void wusb_key_dump(const void *buf, size_t len)
  63 {
  64         print_hex_dump(KERN_ERR, "  ", DUMP_PREFIX_OFFSET, 16, 1,
  65                        buf, len, 0);
  66 }
  67
  68 /*
  69  * Block of data, as understood by AES-CCM
  70  *
  71  * The code assumes this structure is nothing but a 16 byte array
  72  * (packed in a struct to avoid common mess ups that I usually do with
  73  * arrays and enforcing type checking).
  74  */
  75 struct aes_ccm_block {
  76         u8 data[16];
  77 } __attribute__((packed));
  78
  79 /*
  80  * Counter-mode Blocks (WUSB1.0[6.4])
  81  *
  82  * According to CCM (or so it seems), for the purpose of calculating
  83  * the MIC, the message is broken in N counter-mode blocks, B0, B1,
  84  * ... BN.
  85  *
  86  * B0 contains flags, the CCM nonce and l(m).
  87  *
  88  * B1 contains l(a), the MAC header, the encryption offset and padding.
  89  *
  90  * If EO is nonzero, additional blocks are built from payload bytes
  91  * until EO is exhausted (FIXME: padding to 16 bytes, I guess). The
  92  * padding is not xmitted.
  93  */
  94
  95 /* WUSB1.0[T6.4] */
  96 struct aes_ccm_b0 {
  97         u8 flags;       /* 0x59, per CCM spec */
  98         struct aes_ccm_nonce ccm_nonce;
  99         __be16 lm;
 100 } __attribute__((packed));
 101
 102 /* WUSB1.0[T6.5] */
 103 struct aes_ccm_b1 {
 104         __be16 la;
 105         u8 mac_header[10];
 106         __le16 eo;
 107         u8 security_reserved;   /* This is always zero */
 108         u8 padding;             /* 0 */
 109 } __attribute__((packed));
 110
 111 /*
 112  * Encryption Blocks (WUSB1.0[6.4.4])
 113  *
 114  * CCM uses Ax blocks to generate a keystream with which the MIC and
 115  * the message's payload are encoded. A0 always encrypts/decrypts the
 116  * MIC. Ax (x>0) are used for the successive payload blocks.
 117  *
 118  * The x is the counter, and is increased for each block.
 119  */
 120 struct aes_ccm_a {
 121         u8 flags;       /* 0x01, per CCM spec */
 122         struct aes_ccm_nonce ccm_nonce;
 123         __be16 counter; /* Value of x */
 124 } __attribute__((packed));
 125
 126 static void bytewise_xor(void *_bo, const void *_bi1, const void *_bi2,
 127                          size_t size)
 128 {
 129         u8 *bo = _bo;
 130         const u8 *bi1 = _bi1, *bi2 = _bi2;
 131         size_t itr;
 132         for (itr = 0; itr < size; itr++)
 133                 bo[itr] = bi1[itr] ^ bi2[itr];
 134 }
 135
 136 /*
 137  * CC-MAC function WUSB1.0[6.5]
 138  *
 139  * Take a data string and produce the encrypted CBC Counter-mode MIC
 140  *
 141  * Note the names for most function arguments are made to (more or
 142  * less) match those used in the pseudo-function definition given in
 143  * WUSB1.0[6.5].
 144  *
 145  * @tfm_cbc: CBC(AES) blkcipher handle (initialized)
 146  *
 147  * @tfm_aes: AES cipher handle (initialized)
 148  *
 149  * @mic: buffer for placing the computed MIC (Message Integrity
 150  *       Code). This is exactly 8 bytes, and we expect the buffer to
 151  *       be at least eight bytes in length.
 152  *
 153  * @key: 128 bit symmetric key
 154  *
 155  * @n: CCM nonce
 156  *
 157  * @a: ASCII string, 14 bytes long (I guess zero padded if needed;
 158  *     we use exactly 14 bytes).
 159  *
 160  * @b: data stream to be processed; cannot be a global or const local
 161  *     (will confuse the scatterlists)
 162  *
 163  * @blen: size of b...
 164  *
 165  * Still not very clear how this is done, but looks like this: we
 166  * create block B0 (as WUSB1.0[6.5] says), then we AES-crypt it with
 167  * @key. We bytewise xor B0 with B1 (1) and AES-crypt that. Then we
 168  * take the payload and divide it in blocks (16 bytes), xor them with
 169  * the previous crypto result (16 bytes) and crypt it, repeat the next
 170  * block with the output of the previous one, rinse wash (I guess this
 171  * is what AES CBC mode means...but I truly have no idea). So we use
 172  * the CBC(AES) blkcipher, that does precisely that. The IV (Initial
 173  * Vector) is 16 bytes and is set to zero, so
 174  *
 175  * See rfc3610. Linux crypto has a CBC implementation, but the
 176  * documentation is scarce, to say the least, and the example code is
 177  * so intricated that is difficult to understand how things work. Most
 178  * of this is guess work -- bite me.
 179  *
 180  * (1) Created as 6.5 says, again, using as l(a) 'Blen + 14', and
 181  *     using the 14 bytes of @a to fill up
 182  *     b1.{mac_header,e0,security_reserved,padding}.
 183  *
 184  * NOTE: The definition of l(a) in WUSB1.0[6.5] vs the definition of
 185  *       l(m) is orthogonal, they bear no relationship, so it is not
 186  *       in conflict with the parameter's relation that
 187  *       WUSB1.0[6.4.2]) defines.
 188  *
 189  * NOTE: WUSB1.0[A.1]: Host Nonce is missing a nibble? (1e); fixed in
 190  *       first errata released on 2005/07.
 191  *
 192  * NOTE: we need to clean IV to zero at each invocation to make sure
 193  *       we start with a fresh empty Initial Vector, so that the CBC
 194  *       works ok.
 195  *
 196  * NOTE: blen is not aligned to a block size, we'll pad zeros, that's
 197  *       what sg[4] is for. Maybe there is a smarter way to do this.
 198  */
 199 static int wusb_ccm_mac(struct crypto_skcipher *tfm_cbc,
 200                         struct crypto_cipher *tfm_aes, void *mic,
 201                         const struct aes_ccm_nonce *n,
 202                         const struct aes_ccm_label *a, const void *b,
 203                         size_t blen)
 204 {
 205         int result = 0;
 206         SKCIPHER_REQUEST_ON_STACK(req, tfm_cbc);
 207         struct aes_ccm_b0 b0;
 208         struct aes_ccm_b1 b1;
 209         struct aes_ccm_a ax;
 210         struct scatterlist sg[4], sg_dst;
 211         void *dst_buf;
 212         size_t dst_size;
 213         const u8 bzero[16] = { 0 };
 214         u8 iv[crypto_skcipher_ivsize(tfm_cbc)];
 215         size_t zero_padding;
 216
 217         /*
 218          * These checks should be compile time optimized out
 219          * ensure @a fills b1's mac_header and following fields
 220          */
 221         WARN_ON(sizeof(*a) != sizeof(b1) - sizeof(b1.la));
 222         WARN_ON(sizeof(b0) != sizeof(struct aes_ccm_block));
 223         WARN_ON(sizeof(b1) != sizeof(struct aes_ccm_block));
 224         WARN_ON(sizeof(ax) != sizeof(struct aes_ccm_block));
 225
 226         result = -ENOMEM;
 227         zero_padding = blen % sizeof(struct aes_ccm_block);
 228         if (zero_padding)
 229                 zero_padding = sizeof(struct aes_ccm_block) - zero_padding;
 230         dst_size = blen + sizeof(b0) + sizeof(b1) + zero_padding;
 231         dst_buf = kzalloc(dst_size, GFP_KERNEL);
 232         if (dst_buf == NULL) {
 233                 printk(KERN_ERR "E: can't alloc destination buffer\n");
 234                 goto error_dst_buf;
 235         }
 236
 237         memset(iv, 0, sizeof(iv));
 238
 239         /* Setup B0 */
 240         b0.flags = 0x59;        /* Format B0 */
 241         b0.ccm_nonce = *n;
 242         b0.lm = cpu_to_be16(0); /* WUSB1.0[6.5] sez l(m) is 0 */
 243
 244         /* Setup B1
 245          *
 246          * The WUSB spec is anything but clear! WUSB1.0[6.5]
 247          * says that to initialize B1 from A with 'l(a) = blen +
 248          * 14'--after clarification, it means to use A's contents
 249          * for MAC Header, EO, sec reserved and padding.
 250          */
 251         b1.la = cpu_to_be16(blen + 14);
 252         memcpy(&b1.mac_header, a, sizeof(*a));
 253
 254         sg_init_table(sg, ARRAY_SIZE(sg));
 255         sg_set_buf(&sg[0], &b0, sizeof(b0));
 256         sg_set_buf(&sg[1], &b1, sizeof(b1));
 257         sg_set_buf(&sg[2], b, blen);
 258         /* 0 if well behaved :) */
 259         sg_set_buf(&sg[3], bzero, zero_padding);
 260         sg_init_one(&sg_dst, dst_buf, dst_size);
 261
 262         skcipher_request_set_tfm(req, tfm_cbc);
 263         skcipher_request_set_callback(req, 0, NULL, NULL);
 264         skcipher_request_set_crypt(req, sg, &sg_dst, dst_size, iv);
 265         result = crypto_skcipher_encrypt(req);
 266         skcipher_request_zero(req);
 267         if (result < 0) {
 268                 printk(KERN_ERR "E: can't compute CBC-MAC tag (MIC): %d\n",
 269                        result);
 270                 goto error_cbc_crypt;
 271         }
 272
 273         /* Now we crypt the MIC Tag (*iv) with Ax -- values per WUSB1.0[6.5]
 274          * The procedure is to AES crypt the A0 block and XOR the MIC
 275          * Tag against it; we only do the first 8 bytes and place it
 276          * directly in the destination buffer.
 277          *
 278          * POS Crypto API: size is assumed to be AES's block size.
 279          * Thanks for documenting it -- tip taken from airo.c
 280          */
 281         ax.flags = 0x01;                /* as per WUSB 1.0 spec */
 282         ax.ccm_nonce = *n;
 283         ax.counter = 0;
 284         crypto_cipher_encrypt_one(tfm_aes, (void *)&ax, (void *)&ax);
 285         bytewise_xor(mic, &ax, iv, 8);
 286         result = 8;
 287 error_cbc_crypt:
 288         kfree(dst_buf);
 289 error_dst_buf:
 290         return result;
 291 }
 292
 293 /*
 294  * WUSB Pseudo Random Function (WUSB1.0[6.5])
 295  *
 296  * @b: buffer to the source data; cannot be a global or const local
 297  *     (will confuse the scatterlists)
 298  */
 299 ssize_t wusb_prf(void *out, size_t out_size,
 300                  const u8 key[16], const struct aes_ccm_nonce *_n,
 301                  const struct aes_ccm_label *a,
 302                  const void *b, size_t blen, size_t len)
 303 {
 304         ssize_t result, bytes = 0, bitr;
 305         struct aes_ccm_nonce n = *_n;
 306         struct crypto_skcipher *tfm_cbc;
 307         struct crypto_cipher *tfm_aes;
 308         u64 sfn = 0;
 309         __le64 sfn_le;
 310
 311         tfm_cbc = crypto_alloc_skcipher("cbc(aes)", 0, CRYPTO_ALG_ASYNC);
 312         if (IS_ERR(tfm_cbc)) {
 313                 result = PTR_ERR(tfm_cbc);
 314                 printk(KERN_ERR "E: can't load CBC(AES): %d\n", (int)result);
 315                 goto error_alloc_cbc;
 316         }
 317         result = crypto_skcipher_setkey(tfm_cbc, key, 16);
 318         if (result < 0) {
 319                 printk(KERN_ERR "E: can't set CBC key: %d\n", (int)result);
 320                 goto error_setkey_cbc;
 321         }
 322
 323         tfm_aes = crypto_alloc_cipher("aes", 0, CRYPTO_ALG_ASYNC);
 324         if (IS_ERR(tfm_aes)) {
 325                 result = PTR_ERR(tfm_aes);
 326                 printk(KERN_ERR "E: can't load AES: %d\n", (int)result);
 327                 goto error_alloc_aes;
 328         }
 329         result = crypto_cipher_setkey(tfm_aes, key, 16);
 330         if (result < 0) {
 331                 printk(KERN_ERR "E: can't set AES key: %d\n", (int)result);
 332                 goto error_setkey_aes;
 333         }
 334
 335         for (bitr = 0; bitr < (len + 63) / 64; bitr++) {
 336                 sfn_le = cpu_to_le64(sfn++);
 337                 memcpy(&n.sfn, &sfn_le, sizeof(n.sfn)); /* n.sfn++... */
 338                 result = wusb_ccm_mac(tfm_cbc, tfm_aes, out + bytes,
 339                                       &n, a, b, blen);
 340                 if (result < 0)
 341                         goto error_ccm_mac;
 342                 bytes += result;
 343         }
 344         result = bytes;
 345 error_ccm_mac:
 346 error_setkey_aes:
 347         crypto_free_cipher(tfm_aes);
 348 error_alloc_aes:
 349 error_setkey_cbc:
 350         crypto_free_skcipher(tfm_cbc);
 351 error_alloc_cbc:
 352         return result;
 353 }
 354
 355 /* WUSB1.0[A.2] test vectors */
 356 static const u8 stv_hsmic_key[16] = {
 357         0x4b, 0x79, 0xa3, 0xcf, 0xe5, 0x53, 0x23, 0x9d,
 358         0xd7, 0xc1, 0x6d, 0x1c, 0x2d, 0xab, 0x6d, 0x3f
 359 };
 360
 361 static const struct aes_ccm_nonce stv_hsmic_n = {
 362         .sfn = { 0 },
 363         .tkid = { 0x76, 0x98, 0x01,  },
 364         .dest_addr = { .data = { 0xbe, 0x00 } },
 365                 .src_addr = { .data = { 0x76, 0x98 } },
 366 };
 367
 368 /*
 369  * Out-of-band MIC Generation verification code
 370  *
 371  */
 372 static int wusb_oob_mic_verify(void)
 373 {
 374         int result;
 375         u8 mic[8];
 376         /* WUSB1.0[A.2] test vectors
 377          *
 378          * Need to keep it in the local stack as GCC 4.1.3something
 379          * messes up and generates noise.
 380          */
 381         struct usb_handshake stv_hsmic_hs = {
 382                 .bMessageNumber = 2,
 383                 .bStatus        = 00,
 384                 .tTKID          = { 0x76, 0x98, 0x01 },
 385                 .bReserved      = 00,
 386                 .CDID           = { 0x30, 0x31, 0x32, 0x33, 0x34, 0x35,
 387                                     0x36, 0x37, 0x38, 0x39, 0x3a, 0x3b,
 388                                     0x3c, 0x3d, 0x3e, 0x3f },
 389                 .nonce          = { 0x20, 0x21, 0x22, 0x23, 0x24, 0x25,
 390                                     0x26, 0x27, 0x28, 0x29, 0x2a, 0x2b,
 391                                     0x2c, 0x2d, 0x2e, 0x2f },
 392                 .MIC            = { 0x75, 0x6a, 0x97, 0x51, 0x0c, 0x8c,
 393                                     0x14, 0x7b },
 394         };
 395         size_t hs_size;
 396
 397         result = wusb_oob_mic(mic, stv_hsmic_key, &stv_hsmic_n, &stv_hsmic_hs);
 398         if (result < 0)
 399                 printk(KERN_ERR "E: WUSB OOB MIC test: failed: %d\n", result);
 400         else if (memcmp(stv_hsmic_hs.MIC, mic, sizeof(mic))) {
 401                 printk(KERN_ERR "E: OOB MIC test: "
 402                        "mismatch between MIC result and WUSB1.0[A2]\n");
 403                 hs_size = sizeof(stv_hsmic_hs) - sizeof(stv_hsmic_hs.MIC);
 404                 printk(KERN_ERR "E: Handshake2 in: (%zu bytes)\n", hs_size);
 405                 wusb_key_dump(&stv_hsmic_hs, hs_size);
 406                 printk(KERN_ERR "E: CCM Nonce in: (%zu bytes)\n",
 407                        sizeof(stv_hsmic_n));
 408                 wusb_key_dump(&stv_hsmic_n, sizeof(stv_hsmic_n));
 409                 printk(KERN_ERR "E: MIC out:\n");
 410                 wusb_key_dump(mic, sizeof(mic));
 411                 printk(KERN_ERR "E: MIC out (from WUSB1.0[A.2]):\n");
 412                 wusb_key_dump(stv_hsmic_hs.MIC, sizeof(stv_hsmic_hs.MIC));
 413                 result = -EINVAL;
 414         } else
 415                 result = 0;
 416         return result;
 417 }
 418
 419 /*
 420  * Test vectors for Key derivation
 421  *
 422  * These come from WUSB1.0[6.5.1], the vectors in WUSB1.0[A.1]
 423  * (errata corrected in 2005/07).
 424  */
 425 static const u8 stv_key_a1[16] __attribute__ ((__aligned__(4))) = {
 426         0xf0, 0xe1, 0xd2, 0xc3, 0xb4, 0xa5, 0x96, 0x87,
 427         0x78, 0x69, 0x5a, 0x4b, 0x3c, 0x2d, 0x1e, 0x0f
 428 };
 429
 430 static const struct aes_ccm_nonce stv_keydvt_n_a1 = {
 431         .sfn = { 0 },
 432         .tkid = { 0x76, 0x98, 0x01,  },
 433         .dest_addr = { .data = { 0xbe, 0x00 } },
 434         .src_addr = { .data = { 0x76, 0x98 } },
 435 };
 436
 437 static const struct wusb_keydvt_out stv_keydvt_out_a1 = {
 438         .kck = {
 439                 0x4b, 0x79, 0xa3, 0xcf, 0xe5, 0x53, 0x23, 0x9d,
 440                 0xd7, 0xc1, 0x6d, 0x1c, 0x2d, 0xab, 0x6d, 0x3f
 441         },
 442         .ptk = {
 443                 0xc8, 0x70, 0x62, 0x82, 0xb6, 0x7c, 0xe9, 0x06,
 444                 0x7b, 0xc5, 0x25, 0x69, 0xf2, 0x36, 0x61, 0x2d
 445         }
 446 };
 447
 448 /*
 449  * Performa a test to make sure we match the vectors defined in
 450  * WUSB1.0[A.1](Errata2006/12)
 451  */
 452 static int wusb_key_derive_verify(void)
 453 {
 454         int result = 0;
 455         struct wusb_keydvt_out keydvt_out;
 456         /* These come from WUSB1.0[A.1] + 2006/12 errata
 457          * NOTE: can't make this const or global -- somehow it seems
 458          *       the scatterlists for crypto get confused and we get
 459          *       bad data. There is no doc on this... */
 460         struct wusb_keydvt_in stv_keydvt_in_a1 = {
 461                 .hnonce = {
 462                         0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17,
 463                         0x18, 0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f
 464                 },
 465                 .dnonce = {
 466                         0x20, 0x21, 0x22, 0x23, 0x24, 0x25, 0x26, 0x27,
 467                         0x28, 0x29, 0x2a, 0x2b, 0x2c, 0x2d, 0x2e, 0x2f
 468                 }
 469         };
 470
 471         result = wusb_key_derive(&keydvt_out, stv_key_a1, &stv_keydvt_n_a1,
 472                                  &stv_keydvt_in_a1);
 473         if (result < 0)
 474                 printk(KERN_ERR "E: WUSB key derivation test: "
 475                        "derivation failed: %d\n", result);
 476         if (memcmp(&stv_keydvt_out_a1, &keydvt_out, sizeof(keydvt_out))) {
 477                 printk(KERN_ERR "E: WUSB key derivation test: "
 478                        "mismatch between key derivation result "
 479                        "and WUSB1.0[A1] Errata 2006/12\n");
 480                 printk(KERN_ERR "E: keydvt in: key\n");
 481                 wusb_key_dump(stv_key_a1, sizeof(stv_key_a1));
 482                 printk(KERN_ERR "E: keydvt in: nonce\n");
 483                 wusb_key_dump(&stv_keydvt_n_a1, sizeof(stv_keydvt_n_a1));
 484                 printk(KERN_ERR "E: keydvt in: hnonce & dnonce\n");
 485                 wusb_key_dump(&stv_keydvt_in_a1, sizeof(stv_keydvt_in_a1));
 486                 printk(KERN_ERR "E: keydvt out: KCK\n");
 487                 wusb_key_dump(&keydvt_out.kck, sizeof(keydvt_out.kck));
 488                 printk(KERN_ERR "E: keydvt out: PTK\n");
 489                 wusb_key_dump(&keydvt_out.ptk, sizeof(keydvt_out.ptk));
 490                 result = -EINVAL;
 491         } else
 492                 result = 0;
 493         return result;
 494 }
 495
 496 /*
 497  * Initialize crypto system
 498  *
 499  * FIXME: we do nothing now, other than verifying. Later on we'll
 500  * cache the encryption stuff, so that's why we have a separate init.
 501  */
 502 int wusb_crypto_init(void)
 503 {
 504         int result;
 505
 506         if (debug_crypto_verify) {
 507                 result = wusb_key_derive_verify();
 508                 if (result < 0)
 509                         return result;
 510                 return wusb_oob_mic_verify();
 511         }
 512         return 0;
 513 }
 514
 515 void wusb_crypto_exit(void)
 516 {
 517         /* FIXME: free cached crypto transforms */
 518 }