4 Batman advanced is a new approach to wireless networking which
5 does no longer operate on the IP basis. Unlike the batman daemon,
6 which exchanges information using UDP packets and sets routing
7 tables, batman-advanced operates on ISO/OSI Layer 2 only and uses
8 and routes (or better: bridges) Ethernet Frames. It emulates a
9 virtual network switch of all nodes participating. Therefore all
10 nodes appear to be link local, thus all higher operating proto-
11 cols won't be affected by any changes within the network. You can
12 run almost any protocol above batman advanced, prominent examples
13 are: IPv4, IPv6, DHCP, IPX.
15 Batman advanced was implemented as a Linux kernel driver to re-
16 duce the overhead to a minimum. It does not depend on any (other)
17 network driver, and can be used on wifi as well as ethernet lan,
18 vpn, etc ... (anything with ethernet-style layer 2).
24 Load the batman-adv module into your kernel:
26 # insmod batman-adv.ko
28 The module is now waiting for activation. You must add some in-
29 terfaces on which batman can operate. After loading the module
30 batman advanced will scan your systems interfaces to search for
31 compatible interfaces. Once found, it will create subfolders in
32 the /sys directories of each supported interface, e.g.
34 # ls /sys/class/net/eth0/batman_adv/
35 # iface_status mesh_iface
37 If an interface does not have the "batman_adv" subfolder it prob-
38 ably is not supported. Not supported interfaces are: loopback,
39 non-ethernet and batman's own interfaces.
41 Note: After the module was loaded it will continuously watch for
42 new interfaces to verify the compatibility. There is no need to
43 reload the module if you plug your USB wifi adapter into your ma-
44 chine after batman advanced was initially loaded.
46 To activate a given interface simply write "bat0" into its
47 "mesh_iface" file inside the batman_adv subfolder:
49 # echo bat0 > /sys/class/net/eth0/batman_adv/mesh_iface
51 Repeat this step for all interfaces you wish to add. Now batman
52 starts using/broadcasting on this/these interface(s).
54 By reading the "iface_status" file you can check its status:
56 # cat /sys/class/net/eth0/batman_adv/iface_status
59 To deactivate an interface you have to write "none" into its
62 # echo none > /sys/class/net/eth0/batman_adv/mesh_iface
65 All mesh wide settings can be found in batman's own interface
68 # ls /sys/class/net/bat0/mesh/
69 # aggregated_ogms gw_bandwidth log_level
70 # ap_isolation gw_mode orig_interval
71 # bonding gw_sel_class routing_algo
72 # bridge_loop_avoidance hop_penalty vis_mode
76 There is a special folder for debugging information:
78 # ls /sys/kernel/debug/batman_adv/bat0/
79 # bla_backbone_table log transtable_global
80 # bla_claim_table originators transtable_local
81 # gateways socket vis_data
83 Some of the files contain all sort of status information regard-
84 ing the mesh network. For example, you can view the table of
85 originators (mesh participants) with:
87 # cat /sys/kernel/debug/batman_adv/bat0/originators
89 Other files allow to change batman's behaviour to better fit your
90 requirements. For instance, you can check the current originator
91 interval (value in milliseconds which determines how often batman
92 sends its broadcast packets):
94 # cat /sys/class/net/bat0/mesh/orig_interval
97 and also change its value:
99 # echo 3000 > /sys/class/net/bat0/mesh/orig_interval
101 In very mobile scenarios, you might want to adjust the originator
102 interval to a lower value. This will make the mesh more respon-
103 sive to topology changes, but will also increase the overhead.
109 To make use of your newly created mesh, batman advanced provides
110 a new interface "bat0" which you should use from this point on.
111 All interfaces added to batman advanced are not relevant any
112 longer because batman handles them for you. Basically, one "hands
113 over" the data by using the batman interface and batman will make
114 sure it reaches its destination.
116 The "bat0" interface can be used like any other regular inter-
117 face. It needs an IP address which can be either statically con-
118 figured or dynamically (by using DHCP or similar services):
120 # NodeA: ifconfig bat0 192.168.0.1
121 # NodeB: ifconfig bat0 192.168.0.2
122 # NodeB: ping 192.168.0.1
124 Note: In order to avoid problems remove all IP addresses previ-
125 ously assigned to interfaces now used by batman advanced, e.g.
127 # ifconfig eth0 0.0.0.0
133 If you want topology visualization, at least one mesh node must
134 be configured as VIS-server:
136 # echo "server" > /sys/class/net/bat0/mesh/vis_mode
138 Each node is either configured as "server" or as "client" (de-
139 fault: "client"). Clients send their topology data to the server
140 next to them, and server synchronize with other servers. If there
141 is no server configured (default) within the mesh, no topology
142 information will be transmitted. With these "synchronizing
143 servers", there can be 1 or more vis servers sharing the same (or
144 at least very similar) data.
146 When configured as server, you can get a topology snapshot of
149 # cat /sys/kernel/debug/batman_adv/bat0/vis_data
151 This raw output is intended to be easily parsable and convertable
152 with other tools. Have a look at the batctl README if you want a
153 vis output in dot or json format for instance and how those out-
154 puts could then be visualised in an image.
156 The raw format consists of comma separated values per entry where
157 each entry is giving information about a certain source inter-
158 face. Each entry can/has to have the following values:
159 -> "mac" - mac address of an originator's source interface
160 (each line begins with it)
161 -> "TQ mac value" - src mac's link quality towards mac address
162 of a neighbor originator's interface which
163 is being used for routing
164 -> "TT mac" - TT announced by source mac
165 -> "PRIMARY" - this is a primary interface
166 -> "SEC mac" - secondary mac address of source
167 (requires preceding PRIMARY)
169 The TQ value has a range from 4 to 255 with 255 being the best.
170 The TT entries are showing which hosts are connected to the mesh
171 via bat0 or being bridged into the mesh network. The PRIMARY/SEC
172 values are only applied on primary interfaces
178 All error messages, warnings and information messages are sent to
179 the kernel log. Depending on your operating system distribution
180 this can be read in one of a number of ways. Try using the com-
181 mands: dmesg, logread, or looking in the files /var/log/kern.log
182 or /var/log/syslog. All batman-adv messages are prefixed with
183 "batman-adv:" So to see just these messages try
185 # dmesg | grep batman-adv
187 When investigating problems with your mesh network it is some-
188 times necessary to see more detail debug messages. This must be
189 enabled when compiling the batman-adv module. When building bat-
190 man-adv as part of kernel, use "make menuconfig" and enable the
191 option "B.A.T.M.A.N. debugging".
193 Those additional debug messages can be accessed using a special
196 # cat /sys/kernel/debug/batman_adv/bat0/log
198 The additional debug output is by default disabled. It can be en-
199 abled during run time. Following log_levels are defined:
201 0 - All debug output disabled
202 1 - Enable messages related to routing / flooding / broadcasting
203 2 - Enable messages related to route added / changed / deleted
204 4 - Enable messages related to translation table operations
205 8 - Enable messages related to bridge loop avoidance
206 16 - Enable messaged related to DAT, ARP snooping and parsing
207 31 - Enable all messages
209 The debug output can be changed at runtime using the file
210 /sys/class/net/bat0/mesh/log_level. e.g.
212 # echo 6 > /sys/class/net/bat0/mesh/log_level
214 will enable debug messages for when routes change.
216 Counters for different types of packets entering and leaving the
217 batman-adv module are available through ethtool:
219 # ethtool --statistics bat0
225 As batman advanced operates on layer 2 all hosts participating in
226 the virtual switch are completely transparent for all protocols
227 above layer 2. Therefore the common diagnosis tools do not work
228 as expected. To overcome these problems batctl was created. At
229 the moment the batctl contains ping, traceroute, tcpdump and
230 interfaces to the kernel module settings.
232 For more information, please see the manpage (man batctl).
234 batctl is available on http://www.open-mesh.org/
240 Please send us comments, experiences, questions, anything :)
242 IRC: #batman on irc.freenode.org
243 Mailing-list: b.a.t.m.a.n@open-mesh.org (optional subscription
244 at https://lists.open-mesh.org/mm/listinfo/b.a.t.m.a.n)
246 You can also contact the Authors:
248 Marek Lindner <lindner_marek@yahoo.de>
249 Simon Wunderlich <siwu@hrz.tu-chemnitz.de>