4 This text file will detail the queue files that are located in the sysfs tree
5 for each block device. Note that stacked devices typically do not export
6 any settings, since their queue merely functions are a remapping target.
7 These files are the ones found in the /sys/block/xxx/queue/ directory.
9 Files denoted with a RO postfix are readonly and the RW postfix means
14 This file allows to turn off the disk entropy contribution. Default
15 value of this file is '1'(on).
17 discard_granularity (RO)
18 -----------------------
19 This shows the size of internal allocation of the device in bytes, if
20 reported by the device. A value of '0' means device does not support
21 the discard functionality.
23 discard_max_hw_bytes (RO)
24 ----------------------
25 Devices that support discard functionality may have internal limits on
26 the number of bytes that can be trimmed or unmapped in a single operation.
27 The discard_max_bytes parameter is set by the device driver to the maximum
28 number of bytes that can be discarded in a single operation. Discard
29 requests issued to the device must not exceed this limit. A discard_max_bytes
30 value of 0 means that the device does not support discard functionality.
32 discard_max_bytes (RW)
33 ----------------------
34 While discard_max_hw_bytes is the hardware limit for the device, this
35 setting is the software limit. Some devices exhibit large latencies when
36 large discards are issued, setting this value lower will make Linux issue
37 smaller discards and potentially help reduce latencies induced by large
40 discard_zeroes_data (RO)
41 ------------------------
42 When read, this file will show if the discarded block are zeroed by the
43 device or not. If its value is '1' the blocks are zeroed otherwise not.
47 This is the hardware sector size of the device, in bytes.
51 This file is used to control (on/off) the iostats accounting of the
54 logical_block_size (RO)
55 -----------------------
56 This is the logcal block size of the device, in bytes.
58 max_hw_sectors_kb (RO)
59 ----------------------
60 This is the maximum number of kilobytes supported in a single data transfer.
62 max_integrity_segments (RO)
63 ---------------------------
64 When read, this file shows the max limit of integrity segments as
65 set by block layer which a hardware controller can handle.
69 This is the maximum number of kilobytes that the block layer will allow
70 for a filesystem request. Must be smaller than or equal to the maximum
71 size allowed by the hardware.
75 Maximum number of segments of the device.
79 Maximum segment size of the device.
83 This is the smallest preferred IO size reported by the device.
87 This enables the user to disable the lookup logic involved with IO
88 merging requests in the block layer. By default (0) all merges are
89 enabled. When set to 1 only simple one-hit merges will be tried. When
90 set to 2 no merge algorithms will be tried (including one-hit or more
91 complex tree/hash lookups).
95 This controls how many requests may be allocated in the block layer for
96 read or write requests. Note that the total allocated number may be twice
97 this amount, since it applies only to reads or writes (not the accumulated
100 To avoid priority inversion through request starvation, a request
101 queue maintains a separate request pool per each cgroup when
102 CONFIG_BLK_CGROUP is enabled, and this parameter applies to each such
103 per-block-cgroup request pool. IOW, if there are N block cgroups,
104 each request queue may have up to N request pools, each independently
105 regulated by nr_requests.
109 This is the optimal IO size reported by the device.
111 physical_block_size (RO)
112 ------------------------
113 This is the physical block size of device, in bytes.
117 Maximum number of kilobytes to read-ahead for filesystems on this block
122 This file is used to stat if the device is of rotational type or
127 If this option is '1', the block layer will migrate request completions to the
128 cpu "group" that originally submitted the request. For some workloads this
129 provides a significant reduction in CPU cycles due to caching effects.
131 For storage configurations that need to maximize distribution of completion
132 processing setting this option to '2' forces the completion to run on the
133 requesting cpu (bypassing the "group" aggregation logic).
137 When read, this file will display the current and available IO schedulers
138 for this block device. The currently active IO scheduler will be enclosed
139 in [] brackets. Writing an IO scheduler name to this file will switch
140 control of this block device to that new IO scheduler. Note that writing
141 an IO scheduler name to this file will attempt to load that IO scheduler
142 module, if it isn't already present in the system.
146 When read, this file will display whether the device has write back
147 caching enabled or not. It will return "write back" for the former
148 case, and "write through" for the latter. Writing to this file can
149 change the kernels view of the device, but it doesn't alter the
150 device state. This means that it might not be safe to toggle the
151 setting from "write back" to "write through", since that will also
152 eliminate cache flushes issued by the kernel.
155 Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>, February 2009