1 The Linux USB Video Class (UVC) driver
2 ======================================
4 This file documents some driver-specific aspects of the UVC driver, such as
5 driver-specific ioctls and implementation notes.
7 Questions and remarks can be sent to the Linux UVC development mailing list at
8 linux-uvc-devel@lists.berlios.de.
11 Extension Unit (XU) support
12 ---------------------------
17 The UVC specification allows for vendor-specific extensions through extension
18 units (XUs). The Linux UVC driver supports extension unit controls (XU controls)
19 through two separate mechanisms:
21 - through mappings of XU controls to V4L2 controls
22 - through a driver-specific ioctl interface
24 The first one allows generic V4L2 applications to use XU controls by mapping
25 certain XU controls onto V4L2 controls, which then show up during ordinary
28 The second mechanism requires uvcvideo-specific knowledge for the application to
29 access XU controls but exposes the entire UVC XU concept to user space for
32 Both mechanisms complement each other and are described in more detail below.
38 The UVC driver provides an API for user space applications to define so-called
39 control mappings at runtime. These allow for individual XU controls or byte
40 ranges thereof to be mapped to new V4L2 controls. Such controls appear and
41 function exactly like normal V4L2 controls (i.e. the stock controls, such as
42 brightness, contrast, etc.). However, reading or writing of such a V4L2 controls
43 triggers a read or write of the associated XU control.
45 The ioctl used to create these control mappings is called UVCIOC_CTRL_MAP.
46 Previous driver versions (before 0.2.0) required another ioctl to be used
47 beforehand (UVCIOC_CTRL_ADD) to pass XU control information to the UVC driver.
48 This is no longer necessary as newer uvcvideo versions query the information
49 directly from the device.
51 For details on the UVCIOC_CTRL_MAP ioctl please refer to the section titled
52 "IOCTL reference" below.
55 3. Driver specific XU control interface
57 For applications that need to access XU controls directly, e.g. for testing
58 purposes, firmware upload, or accessing binary controls, a second mechanism to
59 access XU controls is provided in the form of a driver-specific ioctl, namely
62 A call to this ioctl allows applications to send queries to the UVC driver that
63 directly map to the low-level UVC control requests.
65 In order to make such a request the UVC unit ID of the control's extension unit
66 and the control selector need to be known. This information either needs to be
67 hardcoded in the application or queried using other ways such as by parsing the
68 UVC descriptor or, if available, using the media controller API to enumerate a
71 Unless the control size is already known it is necessary to first make a
72 UVC_GET_LEN requests in order to be able to allocate a sufficiently large buffer
73 and set the buffer size to the correct value. Similarly, to find out whether
74 UVC_GET_CUR or UVC_SET_CUR are valid requests for a given control, a
75 UVC_GET_INFO request should be made. The bits 0 (GET supported) and 1 (SET
76 supported) of the resulting byte indicate which requests are valid.
78 With the addition of the UVCIOC_CTRL_QUERY ioctl the UVCIOC_CTRL_GET and
79 UVCIOC_CTRL_SET ioctls have become obsolete since their functionality is a
80 subset of the former ioctl. For the time being they are still supported but
81 application developers are encouraged to use UVCIOC_CTRL_QUERY instead.
83 For details on the UVCIOC_CTRL_QUERY ioctl please refer to the section titled
84 "IOCTL reference" below.
90 The API doesn't currently provide a fine-grained access control facility. The
91 UVCIOC_CTRL_ADD and UVCIOC_CTRL_MAP ioctls require super user permissions.
93 Suggestions on how to improve this are welcome.
99 In order to debug problems related to XU controls or controls in general it is
100 recommended to enable the UVC_TRACE_CONTROL bit in the module parameter 'trace'.
101 This causes extra output to be written into the system log.
107 UVCIOC_CTRL_MAP - Map a UVC control to a V4L2 control
108 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
110 Argument: struct uvc_xu_control_mapping
114 This ioctl creates a mapping between a UVC control or part of a UVC
115 control and a V4L2 control. Once mappings are defined, userspace
116 applications can access vendor-defined UVC control through the V4L2
119 To create a mapping, applications fill the uvc_xu_control_mapping
120 structure with information about an existing UVC control defined with
121 UVCIOC_CTRL_ADD and a new V4L2 control.
123 A UVC control can be mapped to several V4L2 controls. For instance,
124 a UVC pan/tilt control could be mapped to separate pan and tilt V4L2
125 controls. The UVC control is divided into non overlapping fields using
126 the 'size' and 'offset' fields and are then independently mapped to
129 For signed integer V4L2 controls the data_type field should be set to
130 UVC_CTRL_DATA_TYPE_SIGNED. Other values are currently ignored.
134 On success 0 is returned. On error -1 is returned and errno is set
138 Not enough memory to perform the operation.
140 Insufficient privileges (super user privileges are required).
144 The requested offset and size would overflow the UVC control.
146 Mapping already exists.
152 * struct uvc_xu_control_mapping
154 __u32 id V4L2 control identifier
155 __u8 name[32] V4L2 control name
156 __u8 entity[16] UVC extension unit GUID
157 __u8 selector UVC control selector
158 __u8 size V4L2 control size (in bits)
159 __u8 offset V4L2 control offset (in bits)
161 v4l2_type V4L2 control type
162 enum uvc_control_data_type
163 data_type UVC control data type
165 *menu_info Array of menu entries (for menu controls only)
166 __u32 menu_count Number of menu entries (for menu controls only)
168 * struct uvc_menu_info
170 __u32 value Menu entry value used by the device
171 __u8 name[32] Menu entry name
174 * enum uvc_control_data_type
176 UVC_CTRL_DATA_TYPE_RAW Raw control (byte array)
177 UVC_CTRL_DATA_TYPE_SIGNED Signed integer
178 UVC_CTRL_DATA_TYPE_UNSIGNED Unsigned integer
179 UVC_CTRL_DATA_TYPE_BOOLEAN Boolean
180 UVC_CTRL_DATA_TYPE_ENUM Enumeration
181 UVC_CTRL_DATA_TYPE_BITMASK Bitmask
184 UVCIOC_CTRL_QUERY - Query a UVC XU control
185 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
186 Argument: struct uvc_xu_control_query
190 This ioctl queries a UVC XU control identified by its extension unit ID
191 and control selector.
193 There are a number of different queries available that closely
194 correspond to the low-level control requests described in the UVC
195 specification. These requests are:
198 Obtain the current value of the control.
200 Obtain the minimum value of the control.
202 Obtain the maximum value of the control.
204 Obtain the default value of the control.
206 Query the resolution of the control, i.e. the step size of the
207 allowed control values.
209 Query the size of the control in bytes.
211 Query the control information bitmap, which indicates whether
212 get/set requests are supported.
214 Update the value of the control.
216 Applications must set the 'size' field to the correct length for the
217 control. Exceptions are the UVC_GET_LEN and UVC_GET_INFO queries, for
218 which the size must be set to 2 and 1, respectively. The 'data' field
219 must point to a valid writable buffer big enough to hold the indicated
220 number of data bytes.
222 Data is copied directly from the device without any driver-side
223 processing. Applications are responsible for data buffer formatting,
224 including little-endian/big-endian conversion. This is particularly
225 important for the result of the UVC_GET_LEN requests, which is always
226 returned as a little-endian 16-bit integer by the device.
230 On success 0 is returned. On error -1 is returned and errno is set
234 The device does not support the given control or the specified
235 extension unit could not be found.
237 The specified buffer size is incorrect (too big or too small).
239 An invalid request code was passed.
241 The given request is not supported by the given control.
243 The data pointer references an inaccessible memory area.
249 * struct uvc_xu_control_query
251 __u8 unit Extension unit ID
252 __u8 selector Control selector
253 __u8 query Request code to send to the device
254 __u16 size Control data size (in bytes)
255 __u8 *data Control value