2 * recordmcount.c: construct a table of the locations of calls to 'mcount'
3 * so that ftrace can find them quickly.
4 * Copyright 2009 John F. Reiser <jreiser@BitWagon.com>. All rights reserved.
5 * Licensed under the GNU General Public License, version 2 (GPLv2).
7 * Restructured to fit Linux format, as well as other updates:
8 * Copyright 2010 Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>, Red Hat Inc.
12 * Strategy: alter the .o file in-place.
14 * Append a new STRTAB that has the new section names, followed by a new array
15 * ElfXX_Shdr[] that has the new section headers, followed by the section
16 * contents for __mcount_loc and its relocations. The old shstrtab strings,
17 * and the old ElfXX_Shdr[] array, remain as "garbage" (commonly, a couple
18 * kilobytes.) Subsequent processing by /bin/ld (or the kernel module loader)
19 * will ignore the garbage regions, because they are not designated by the
20 * new .e_shoff nor the new ElfXX_Shdr[]. [In order to remove the garbage,
21 * then use "ld -r" to create a new file that omits the garbage.]
24 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #define EM_AARCH64 183
38 #define R_AARCH64_NONE 0
39 #define R_AARCH64_ABS64 257
42 static int fd_map
; /* File descriptor for file being modified. */
43 static int mmap_failed
; /* Boolean flag. */
44 static char gpfx
; /* prefix for global symbol name (sometimes '_') */
45 static struct stat sb
; /* Remember .st_size, etc. */
46 static jmp_buf jmpenv
; /* setjmp/longjmp per-file error escape */
47 static const char *altmcount
; /* alternate mcount symbol name */
48 static int warn_on_notrace_sect
; /* warn when section has mcount not being recorded */
49 static void *file_map
; /* pointer of the mapped file */
50 static void *file_end
; /* pointer to the end of the mapped file */
51 static int file_updated
; /* flag to state file was changed */
52 static void *file_ptr
; /* current file pointer location */
53 static void *file_append
; /* added to the end of the file */
54 static size_t file_append_size
; /* how much is added to end of file */
56 /* setjmp() return values */
58 SJ_SETJMP
= 0, /* hardwired first return */
63 /* Per-file resource cleanup when multiple files. */
68 munmap(file_map
, sb
.st_size
);
78 static void __attribute__((noreturn
))
82 longjmp(jmpenv
, SJ_FAIL
);
85 static void __attribute__((noreturn
))
89 longjmp(jmpenv
, SJ_SUCCEED
);
92 /* ulseek, uread, ...: Check return value for errors. */
95 ulseek(int const fd
, off_t
const offset
, int const whence
)
99 file_ptr
= file_map
+ offset
;
105 file_ptr
= file_map
+ (sb
.st_size
- offset
);
108 if (file_ptr
< file_map
) {
109 fprintf(stderr
, "lseek: seek before file\n");
112 return file_ptr
- file_map
;
116 uread(int const fd
, void *const buf
, size_t const count
)
118 size_t const n
= read(fd
, buf
, count
);
127 uwrite(int const fd
, void const *const buf
, size_t const count
)
134 if (file_ptr
+ count
>= file_end
) {
135 off_t aoffset
= (file_ptr
+ count
) - file_end
;
137 if (aoffset
> file_append_size
) {
138 file_append
= realloc(file_append
, aoffset
);
139 file_append_size
= aoffset
;
145 if (file_ptr
< file_end
) {
146 cnt
= file_end
- file_ptr
;
149 idx
= aoffset
- count
;
154 memcpy(file_ptr
, buf
, cnt
);
157 memcpy(file_append
+ idx
, buf
+ cnt
, count
- cnt
);
166 void *const addr
= malloc(size
);
168 fprintf(stderr
, "malloc failed: %zu bytes\n", size
);
174 static unsigned char ideal_nop5_x86_64
[5] = { 0x0f, 0x1f, 0x44, 0x00, 0x00 };
175 static unsigned char ideal_nop5_x86_32
[5] = { 0x3e, 0x8d, 0x74, 0x26, 0x00 };
176 static unsigned char *ideal_nop
;
178 static char rel_type_nop
;
180 static int (*make_nop
)(void *map
, size_t const offset
);
182 static int make_nop_x86(void *map
, size_t const offset
)
187 /* Confirm we have 0xe8 0x0 0x0 0x0 0x0 */
192 op
= map
+ offset
- 1;
197 ulseek(fd_map
, offset
- 1, SEEK_SET
);
198 uwrite(fd_map
, ideal_nop
, 5);
202 static unsigned char ideal_nop4_arm_le
[4] = { 0x00, 0x00, 0xa0, 0xe1 }; /* mov r0, r0 */
203 static unsigned char ideal_nop4_arm_be
[4] = { 0xe1, 0xa0, 0x00, 0x00 }; /* mov r0, r0 */
204 static unsigned char *ideal_nop4_arm
;
206 static unsigned char bl_mcount_arm_le
[4] = { 0xfe, 0xff, 0xff, 0xeb }; /* bl */
207 static unsigned char bl_mcount_arm_be
[4] = { 0xeb, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfe }; /* bl */
208 static unsigned char *bl_mcount_arm
;
210 static unsigned char push_arm_le
[4] = { 0x04, 0xe0, 0x2d, 0xe5 }; /* push {lr} */
211 static unsigned char push_arm_be
[4] = { 0xe5, 0x2d, 0xe0, 0x04 }; /* push {lr} */
212 static unsigned char *push_arm
;
214 static unsigned char ideal_nop2_thumb_le
[2] = { 0x00, 0xbf }; /* nop */
215 static unsigned char ideal_nop2_thumb_be
[2] = { 0xbf, 0x00 }; /* nop */
216 static unsigned char *ideal_nop2_thumb
;
218 static unsigned char push_bl_mcount_thumb_le
[6] = { 0x00, 0xb5, 0xff, 0xf7, 0xfe, 0xff }; /* push {lr}, bl */
219 static unsigned char push_bl_mcount_thumb_be
[6] = { 0xb5, 0x00, 0xf7, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfe }; /* push {lr}, bl */
220 static unsigned char *push_bl_mcount_thumb
;
222 static int make_nop_arm(void *map
, size_t const offset
)
230 if (memcmp(ptr
, bl_mcount_arm
, 4) == 0) {
231 if (memcmp(ptr
- 4, push_arm
, 4) == 0) {
235 ideal_nop
= ideal_nop4_arm
;
237 } else if (memcmp(ptr
- 2, push_bl_mcount_thumb
, 6) == 0) {
241 ideal_nop
= ideal_nop2_thumb
;
246 ulseek(fd_map
, off
, SEEK_SET
);
249 uwrite(fd_map
, ideal_nop
, nop_size
);
255 static unsigned char ideal_nop4_arm64
[4] = {0x1f, 0x20, 0x03, 0xd5};
256 static int make_nop_arm64(void *map
, size_t const offset
)
261 /* bl <_mcount> is 0x94000000 before relocation */
262 if (*ptr
!= 0x94000000)
266 ulseek(fd_map
, offset
, SEEK_SET
);
267 uwrite(fd_map
, ideal_nop
, 4);
272 * Get the whole file as a programming convenience in order to avoid
273 * malloc+lseek+read+free of many pieces. If successful, then mmap
274 * avoids copying unused pieces; else just read the whole file.
275 * Open for both read and write; new info will be appended to the file.
276 * Use MAP_PRIVATE so that a few changes to the in-memory ElfXX_Ehdr
277 * do not propagate to the file until an explicit overwrite at the last.
278 * This preserves most aspects of consistency (all except .st_size)
279 * for simultaneous readers of the file while we are appending to it.
280 * However, multiple writers still are bad. We choose not to use
281 * locking because it is expensive and the use case of kernel build
282 * makes multiple writers unlikely.
284 static void *mmap_file(char const *fname
)
286 fd_map
= open(fname
, O_RDONLY
);
287 if (fd_map
< 0 || fstat(fd_map
, &sb
) < 0) {
291 if (!S_ISREG(sb
.st_mode
)) {
292 fprintf(stderr
, "not a regular file: %s\n", fname
);
295 file_map
= mmap(0, sb
.st_size
, PROT_READ
|PROT_WRITE
, MAP_PRIVATE
,
298 if (file_map
== MAP_FAILED
) {
300 file_map
= umalloc(sb
.st_size
);
301 uread(fd_map
, file_map
, sb
.st_size
);
305 file_end
= file_map
+ sb
.st_size
;
310 static void write_file(const char *fname
)
312 char tmp_file
[strlen(fname
) + 4];
318 sprintf(tmp_file
, "%s.rc", fname
);
321 * After reading the entire file into memory, delete it
322 * and write it back, to prevent weird side effects of modifying
323 * an object file in place.
325 fd_map
= open(tmp_file
, O_WRONLY
| O_TRUNC
| O_CREAT
, sb
.st_mode
);
330 n
= write(fd_map
, file_map
, sb
.st_size
);
331 if (n
!= sb
.st_size
) {
335 if (file_append_size
) {
336 n
= write(fd_map
, file_append
, file_append_size
);
337 if (n
!= file_append_size
) {
343 if (rename(tmp_file
, fname
) < 0) {
349 /* w8rev, w8nat, ...: Handle endianness. */
351 static uint64_t w8rev(uint64_t const x
)
353 return ((0xff & (x
>> (0 * 8))) << (7 * 8))
354 | ((0xff & (x
>> (1 * 8))) << (6 * 8))
355 | ((0xff & (x
>> (2 * 8))) << (5 * 8))
356 | ((0xff & (x
>> (3 * 8))) << (4 * 8))
357 | ((0xff & (x
>> (4 * 8))) << (3 * 8))
358 | ((0xff & (x
>> (5 * 8))) << (2 * 8))
359 | ((0xff & (x
>> (6 * 8))) << (1 * 8))
360 | ((0xff & (x
>> (7 * 8))) << (0 * 8));
363 static uint32_t w4rev(uint32_t const x
)
365 return ((0xff & (x
>> (0 * 8))) << (3 * 8))
366 | ((0xff & (x
>> (1 * 8))) << (2 * 8))
367 | ((0xff & (x
>> (2 * 8))) << (1 * 8))
368 | ((0xff & (x
>> (3 * 8))) << (0 * 8));
371 static uint32_t w2rev(uint16_t const x
)
373 return ((0xff & (x
>> (0 * 8))) << (1 * 8))
374 | ((0xff & (x
>> (1 * 8))) << (0 * 8));
377 static uint64_t w8nat(uint64_t const x
)
382 static uint32_t w4nat(uint32_t const x
)
387 static uint32_t w2nat(uint16_t const x
)
392 static uint64_t (*w8
)(uint64_t);
393 static uint32_t (*w
)(uint32_t);
394 static uint32_t (*w2
)(uint16_t);
396 /* Names of the sections that could contain calls to mcount. */
398 is_mcounted_section_name(char const *const txtname
)
400 return strcmp(".text", txtname
) == 0 ||
401 strcmp(".init.text", txtname
) == 0 ||
402 strcmp(".ref.text", txtname
) == 0 ||
403 strcmp(".sched.text", txtname
) == 0 ||
404 strcmp(".spinlock.text", txtname
) == 0 ||
405 strcmp(".irqentry.text", txtname
) == 0 ||
406 strcmp(".softirqentry.text", txtname
) == 0 ||
407 strcmp(".kprobes.text", txtname
) == 0 ||
408 strcmp(".cpuidle.text", txtname
) == 0 ||
409 strcmp(".text.unlikely", txtname
) == 0;
412 /* 32 bit and 64 bit are very similar */
413 #include "recordmcount.h"
414 #define RECORD_MCOUNT_64
415 #include "recordmcount.h"
417 /* 64-bit EM_MIPS has weird ELF64_Rela.r_info.
418 * http://techpubs.sgi.com/library/manuals/4000/007-4658-001/pdf/007-4658-001.pdf
419 * We interpret Table 29 Relocation Operation (Elf64_Rel, Elf64_Rela) [p.40]
420 * to imply the order of the members; the spec does not say so.
421 * typedef unsigned char Elf64_Byte;
422 * fails on MIPS64 because their <elf.h> already has it!
425 typedef uint8_t myElf64_Byte
; /* Type for a 8-bit quantity. */
430 Elf64_Word r_sym
; /* Symbol index. */
431 myElf64_Byte r_ssym
; /* Special symbol. */
432 myElf64_Byte r_type3
; /* Third relocation. */
433 myElf64_Byte r_type2
; /* Second relocation. */
434 myElf64_Byte r_type
; /* First relocation. */
438 static uint64_t MIPS64_r_sym(Elf64_Rel
const *rp
)
440 return w(((union mips_r_info
){ .r_info
= rp
->r_info
}).r_mips
.r_sym
);
443 static void MIPS64_r_info(Elf64_Rel
*const rp
, unsigned sym
, unsigned type
)
445 rp
->r_info
= ((union mips_r_info
){
446 .r_mips
= { .r_sym
= w(sym
), .r_type
= type
}
451 do_file(char const *const fname
)
453 Elf32_Ehdr
*const ehdr
= mmap_file(fname
);
454 unsigned int reltype
= 0;
459 switch (ehdr
->e_ident
[EI_DATA
]) {
460 static unsigned int const endian
= 1;
462 fprintf(stderr
, "unrecognized ELF data encoding %d: %s\n",
463 ehdr
->e_ident
[EI_DATA
], fname
);
467 if (*(unsigned char const *)&endian
!= 1) {
468 /* main() is big endian, file.o is little endian. */
473 ideal_nop4_arm
= ideal_nop4_arm_le
;
474 bl_mcount_arm
= bl_mcount_arm_le
;
475 push_arm
= push_arm_le
;
476 ideal_nop2_thumb
= ideal_nop2_thumb_le
;
477 push_bl_mcount_thumb
= push_bl_mcount_thumb_le
;
480 if (*(unsigned char const *)&endian
!= 0) {
481 /* main() is little endian, file.o is big endian. */
486 ideal_nop4_arm
= ideal_nop4_arm_be
;
487 bl_mcount_arm
= bl_mcount_arm_be
;
488 push_arm
= push_arm_be
;
489 ideal_nop2_thumb
= ideal_nop2_thumb_be
;
490 push_bl_mcount_thumb
= push_bl_mcount_thumb_be
;
493 if (memcmp(ELFMAG
, ehdr
->e_ident
, SELFMAG
) != 0
494 || w2(ehdr
->e_type
) != ET_REL
495 || ehdr
->e_ident
[EI_VERSION
] != EV_CURRENT
) {
496 fprintf(stderr
, "unrecognized ET_REL file %s\n", fname
);
501 switch (w2(ehdr
->e_machine
)) {
503 fprintf(stderr
, "unrecognized e_machine %d %s\n",
504 w2(ehdr
->e_machine
), fname
);
509 rel_type_nop
= R_386_NONE
;
510 make_nop
= make_nop_x86
;
511 ideal_nop
= ideal_nop5_x86_32
;
512 mcount_adjust_32
= -1;
514 case EM_ARM
: reltype
= R_ARM_ABS32
;
515 altmcount
= "__gnu_mcount_nc";
516 make_nop
= make_nop_arm
;
517 rel_type_nop
= R_ARM_NONE
;
520 reltype
= R_AARCH64_ABS64
;
521 make_nop
= make_nop_arm64
;
522 rel_type_nop
= R_AARCH64_NONE
;
523 ideal_nop
= ideal_nop4_arm64
;
526 case EM_IA_64
: reltype
= R_IA64_IMM64
; gpfx
= '_'; break;
527 case EM_MIPS
: /* reltype: e_class */ gpfx
= '_'; break;
528 case EM_PPC
: reltype
= R_PPC_ADDR32
; gpfx
= '_'; break;
529 case EM_PPC64
: reltype
= R_PPC64_ADDR64
; gpfx
= '_'; break;
530 case EM_S390
: /* reltype: e_class */ gpfx
= '_'; break;
531 case EM_SH
: reltype
= R_SH_DIR32
; break;
532 case EM_SPARCV9
: reltype
= R_SPARC_64
; gpfx
= '_'; break;
534 make_nop
= make_nop_x86
;
535 ideal_nop
= ideal_nop5_x86_64
;
536 reltype
= R_X86_64_64
;
537 rel_type_nop
= R_X86_64_NONE
;
538 mcount_adjust_64
= -1;
542 switch (ehdr
->e_ident
[EI_CLASS
]) {
544 fprintf(stderr
, "unrecognized ELF class %d %s\n",
545 ehdr
->e_ident
[EI_CLASS
], fname
);
549 if (w2(ehdr
->e_ehsize
) != sizeof(Elf32_Ehdr
)
550 || w2(ehdr
->e_shentsize
) != sizeof(Elf32_Shdr
)) {
552 "unrecognized ET_REL file: %s\n", fname
);
555 if (w2(ehdr
->e_machine
) == EM_MIPS
) {
557 is_fake_mcount32
= MIPS32_is_fake_mcount
;
559 do32(ehdr
, fname
, reltype
);
562 Elf64_Ehdr
*const ghdr
= (Elf64_Ehdr
*)ehdr
;
563 if (w2(ghdr
->e_ehsize
) != sizeof(Elf64_Ehdr
)
564 || w2(ghdr
->e_shentsize
) != sizeof(Elf64_Shdr
)) {
566 "unrecognized ET_REL file: %s\n", fname
);
569 if (w2(ghdr
->e_machine
) == EM_S390
) {
571 mcount_adjust_64
= -14;
573 if (w2(ghdr
->e_machine
) == EM_MIPS
) {
575 Elf64_r_sym
= MIPS64_r_sym
;
576 Elf64_r_info
= MIPS64_r_info
;
577 is_fake_mcount64
= MIPS64_is_fake_mcount
;
579 do64(ghdr
, fname
, reltype
);
589 main(int argc
, char *argv
[])
591 const char ftrace
[] = "/ftrace.o";
592 int ftrace_size
= sizeof(ftrace
) - 1;
593 int n_error
= 0; /* gcc-4.3.0 false positive complaint */
597 while ((c
= getopt(argc
, argv
, "w")) >= 0) {
600 warn_on_notrace_sect
= 1;
603 fprintf(stderr
, "usage: recordmcount [-w] file.o...\n");
608 if ((argc
- optind
) < 1) {
609 fprintf(stderr
, "usage: recordmcount [-w] file.o...\n");
613 /* Process each file in turn, allowing deep failure. */
614 for (i
= optind
; i
< argc
; i
++) {
615 char *file
= argv
[i
];
616 int const sjval
= setjmp(jmpenv
);
620 * The file kernel/trace/ftrace.o references the mcount
621 * function but does not call it. Since ftrace.o should
622 * not be traced anyway, we just skip it.
625 if (len
>= ftrace_size
&&
626 strcmp(file
+ (len
- ftrace_size
), ftrace
) == 0)
631 fprintf(stderr
, "internal error: %s\n", file
);
634 case SJ_SETJMP
: /* normal sequence */
635 /* Avoid problems if early cleanup() */
643 case SJ_FAIL
: /* error in do_file or below */
644 fprintf(stderr
, "%s: failed\n", file
);
647 case SJ_SUCCEED
: /* premature success */