ALSA: usb-audio: fix sign unintended sign extension on left shifts

[linux/fpc-iii.git] / fs / xfs / xfs_buf_item.c

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
/*
 * Copyright (c) 2000-2005 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
 * All Rights Reserved.
 */
#include "xfs.h"
#include "xfs_fs.h"
#include "xfs_format.h"
#include "xfs_log_format.h"
#include "xfs_trans_resv.h"
#include "xfs_bit.h"
#include "xfs_sb.h"
#include "xfs_mount.h"
#include "xfs_trans.h"
#include "xfs_buf_item.h"
#include "xfs_trans_priv.h"
#include "xfs_error.h"
#include "xfs_trace.h"
#include "xfs_log.h"
#include "xfs_inode.h"


kmem_zone_t     *xfs_buf_item_zone;

static inline struct xfs_buf_log_item *BUF_ITEM(struct xfs_log_item *lip)
{
        return container_of(lip, struct xfs_buf_log_item, bli_item);
}

STATIC void     xfs_buf_do_callbacks(struct xfs_buf *bp);

static inline int
xfs_buf_log_format_size(
        struct xfs_buf_log_format *blfp)
{
        return offsetof(struct xfs_buf_log_format, blf_data_map) +
                        (blfp->blf_map_size * sizeof(blfp->blf_data_map[0]));
}

/*
 * This returns the number of log iovecs needed to log the
 * given buf log item.
 *
 * It calculates this as 1 iovec for the buf log format structure
 * and 1 for each stretch of non-contiguous chunks to be logged.
 * Contiguous chunks are logged in a single iovec.
 *
 * If the XFS_BLI_STALE flag has been set, then log nothing.
 */
STATIC void
xfs_buf_item_size_segment(
        struct xfs_buf_log_item         *bip,
        struct xfs_buf_log_format       *blfp,
        int                             *nvecs,
        int                             *nbytes)
{
        struct xfs_buf                  *bp = bip->bli_buf;
        int                             next_bit;
        int                             last_bit;

        last_bit = xfs_next_bit(blfp->blf_data_map, blfp->blf_map_size, 0);
        if (last_bit == -1)
                return;

        /*
         * initial count for a dirty buffer is 2 vectors - the format structure
         * and the first dirty region.
         */
        *nvecs += 2;
        *nbytes += xfs_buf_log_format_size(blfp) + XFS_BLF_CHUNK;

        while (last_bit != -1) {
                /*
                 * This takes the bit number to start looking from and
                 * returns the next set bit from there.  It returns -1
                 * if there are no more bits set or the start bit is
                 * beyond the end of the bitmap.
                 */
                next_bit = xfs_next_bit(blfp->blf_data_map, blfp->blf_map_size,
                                        last_bit + 1);
                /*
                 * If we run out of bits, leave the loop,
                 * else if we find a new set of bits bump the number of vecs,
                 * else keep scanning the current set of bits.
                 */
                if (next_bit == -1) {
                        break;
                } else if (next_bit != last_bit + 1) {
                        last_bit = next_bit;
                        (*nvecs)++;
                } else if (xfs_buf_offset(bp, next_bit * XFS_BLF_CHUNK) !=
                           (xfs_buf_offset(bp, last_bit * XFS_BLF_CHUNK) +
                            XFS_BLF_CHUNK)) {
                        last_bit = next_bit;
                        (*nvecs)++;
                } else {
                        last_bit++;
                }
                *nbytes += XFS_BLF_CHUNK;
        }
}

/*
 * This returns the number of log iovecs needed to log the given buf log item.
 *
 * It calculates this as 1 iovec for the buf log format structure and 1 for each
 * stretch of non-contiguous chunks to be logged.  Contiguous chunks are logged
 * in a single iovec.
 *
 * Discontiguous buffers need a format structure per region that that is being
 * logged. This makes the changes in the buffer appear to log recovery as though
 * they came from separate buffers, just like would occur if multiple buffers
 * were used instead of a single discontiguous buffer. This enables
 * discontiguous buffers to be in-memory constructs, completely transparent to
 * what ends up on disk.
 *
 * If the XFS_BLI_STALE flag has been set, then log nothing but the buf log
 * format structures.
 */
STATIC void
xfs_buf_item_size(
        struct xfs_log_item     *lip,
        int                     *nvecs,
        int                     *nbytes)
{
        struct xfs_buf_log_item *bip = BUF_ITEM(lip);
        int                     i;

        ASSERT(atomic_read(&bip->bli_refcount) > 0);
        if (bip->bli_flags & XFS_BLI_STALE) {
                /*
                 * The buffer is stale, so all we need to log
                 * is the buf log format structure with the
                 * cancel flag in it.
                 */
                trace_xfs_buf_item_size_stale(bip);
                ASSERT(bip->__bli_format.blf_flags & XFS_BLF_CANCEL);
                *nvecs += bip->bli_format_count;
                for (i = 0; i < bip->bli_format_count; i++) {
                        *nbytes += xfs_buf_log_format_size(&bip->bli_formats[i]);
                }
                return;
        }

        ASSERT(bip->bli_flags & XFS_BLI_LOGGED);

        if (bip->bli_flags & XFS_BLI_ORDERED) {
                /*
                 * The buffer has been logged just to order it.
                 * It is not being included in the transaction
                 * commit, so no vectors are used at all.
                 */
                trace_xfs_buf_item_size_ordered(bip);
                *nvecs = XFS_LOG_VEC_ORDERED;
                return;
        }

        /*
         * the vector count is based on the number of buffer vectors we have
         * dirty bits in. This will only be greater than one when we have a
         * compound buffer with more than one segment dirty. Hence for compound
         * buffers we need to track which segment the dirty bits correspond to,
         * and when we move from one segment to the next increment the vector
         * count for the extra buf log format structure that will need to be
         * written.
         */
        for (i = 0; i < bip->bli_format_count; i++) {
                xfs_buf_item_size_segment(bip, &bip->bli_formats[i],
                                          nvecs, nbytes);
        }
        trace_xfs_buf_item_size(bip);
}

static inline void
xfs_buf_item_copy_iovec(
        struct xfs_log_vec      *lv,
        struct xfs_log_iovec    **vecp,
        struct xfs_buf          *bp,
        uint                    offset,
        int                     first_bit,
        uint                    nbits)
{
        offset += first_bit * XFS_BLF_CHUNK;
        xlog_copy_iovec(lv, vecp, XLOG_REG_TYPE_BCHUNK,
                        xfs_buf_offset(bp, offset),
                        nbits * XFS_BLF_CHUNK);
}

static inline bool
xfs_buf_item_straddle(
        struct xfs_buf          *bp,
        uint                    offset,
        int                     next_bit,
        int                     last_bit)
{
        return xfs_buf_offset(bp, offset + (next_bit << XFS_BLF_SHIFT)) !=
                (xfs_buf_offset(bp, offset + (last_bit << XFS_BLF_SHIFT)) +
                 XFS_BLF_CHUNK);
}

static void
xfs_buf_item_format_segment(
        struct xfs_buf_log_item *bip,
        struct xfs_log_vec      *lv,
        struct xfs_log_iovec    **vecp,
        uint                    offset,
        struct xfs_buf_log_format *blfp)
{
        struct xfs_buf          *bp = bip->bli_buf;
        uint                    base_size;
        int                     first_bit;
        int                     last_bit;
        int                     next_bit;
        uint                    nbits;

        /* copy the flags across from the base format item */
        blfp->blf_flags = bip->__bli_format.blf_flags;

        /*
         * Base size is the actual size of the ondisk structure - it reflects
         * the actual size of the dirty bitmap rather than the size of the in
         * memory structure.
         */
        base_size = xfs_buf_log_format_size(blfp);

        first_bit = xfs_next_bit(blfp->blf_data_map, blfp->blf_map_size, 0);
        if (!(bip->bli_flags & XFS_BLI_STALE) && first_bit == -1) {
                /*
                 * If the map is not be dirty in the transaction, mark
                 * the size as zero and do not advance the vector pointer.
                 */
                return;
        }

        blfp = xlog_copy_iovec(lv, vecp, XLOG_REG_TYPE_BFORMAT, blfp, base_size);
        blfp->blf_size = 1;

        if (bip->bli_flags & XFS_BLI_STALE) {
                /*
                 * The buffer is stale, so all we need to log
                 * is the buf log format structure with the
                 * cancel flag in it.
                 */
                trace_xfs_buf_item_format_stale(bip);
                ASSERT(blfp->blf_flags & XFS_BLF_CANCEL);
                return;
        }


        /*
         * Fill in an iovec for each set of contiguous chunks.
         */
        last_bit = first_bit;
        nbits = 1;
        for (;;) {
                /*
                 * This takes the bit number to start looking from and
                 * returns the next set bit from there.  It returns -1
                 * if there are no more bits set or the start bit is
                 * beyond the end of the bitmap.
                 */
                next_bit = xfs_next_bit(blfp->blf_data_map, blfp->blf_map_size,
                                        (uint)last_bit + 1);
                /*
                 * If we run out of bits fill in the last iovec and get out of
                 * the loop.  Else if we start a new set of bits then fill in
                 * the iovec for the series we were looking at and start
                 * counting the bits in the new one.  Else we're still in the
                 * same set of bits so just keep counting and scanning.
                 */
                if (next_bit == -1) {
                        xfs_buf_item_copy_iovec(lv, vecp, bp, offset,
                                                first_bit, nbits);
                        blfp->blf_size++;
                        break;
                } else if (next_bit != last_bit + 1 ||
                           xfs_buf_item_straddle(bp, offset, next_bit, last_bit)) {
                        xfs_buf_item_copy_iovec(lv, vecp, bp, offset,
                                                first_bit, nbits);
                        blfp->blf_size++;
                        first_bit = next_bit;
                        last_bit = next_bit;
                        nbits = 1;
                } else {
                        last_bit++;
                        nbits++;
                }
        }
}

/*
 * This is called to fill in the vector of log iovecs for the
 * given log buf item.  It fills the first entry with a buf log
 * format structure, and the rest point to contiguous chunks
 * within the buffer.
 */
STATIC void
xfs_buf_item_format(
        struct xfs_log_item     *lip,
        struct xfs_log_vec      *lv)
{
        struct xfs_buf_log_item *bip = BUF_ITEM(lip);
        struct xfs_buf          *bp = bip->bli_buf;
        struct xfs_log_iovec    *vecp = NULL;
        uint                    offset = 0;
        int                     i;

        ASSERT(atomic_read(&bip->bli_refcount) > 0);
        ASSERT((bip->bli_flags & XFS_BLI_LOGGED) ||
               (bip->bli_flags & XFS_BLI_STALE));
        ASSERT((bip->bli_flags & XFS_BLI_STALE) ||
               (xfs_blft_from_flags(&bip->__bli_format) > XFS_BLFT_UNKNOWN_BUF
                && xfs_blft_from_flags(&bip->__bli_format) < XFS_BLFT_MAX_BUF));
        ASSERT(!(bip->bli_flags & XFS_BLI_ORDERED) ||
               (bip->bli_flags & XFS_BLI_STALE));


        /*
         * If it is an inode buffer, transfer the in-memory state to the
         * format flags and clear the in-memory state.
         *
         * For buffer based inode allocation, we do not transfer
         * this state if the inode buffer allocation has not yet been committed
         * to the log as setting the XFS_BLI_INODE_BUF flag will prevent
         * correct replay of the inode allocation.
         *
         * For icreate item based inode allocation, the buffers aren't written
         * to the journal during allocation, and hence we should always tag the
         * buffer as an inode buffer so that the correct unlinked list replay
         * occurs during recovery.
         */
        if (bip->bli_flags & XFS_BLI_INODE_BUF) {
                if (xfs_sb_version_hascrc(&lip->li_mountp->m_sb) ||
                    !((bip->bli_flags & XFS_BLI_INODE_ALLOC_BUF) &&
                      xfs_log_item_in_current_chkpt(lip)))
                        bip->__bli_format.blf_flags |= XFS_BLF_INODE_BUF;
                bip->bli_flags &= ~XFS_BLI_INODE_BUF;
        }

        for (i = 0; i < bip->bli_format_count; i++) {
                xfs_buf_item_format_segment(bip, lv, &vecp, offset,
                                            &bip->bli_formats[i]);
                offset += BBTOB(bp->b_maps[i].bm_len);
        }

        /*
         * Check to make sure everything is consistent.
         */
        trace_xfs_buf_item_format(bip);
}

/*
 * This is called to pin the buffer associated with the buf log item in memory
 * so it cannot be written out.
 *
 * We also always take a reference to the buffer log item here so that the bli
 * is held while the item is pinned in memory. This means that we can
 * unconditionally drop the reference count a transaction holds when the
 * transaction is completed.
 */
STATIC void
xfs_buf_item_pin(
        struct xfs_log_item     *lip)
{
        struct xfs_buf_log_item *bip = BUF_ITEM(lip);

        ASSERT(atomic_read(&bip->bli_refcount) > 0);
        ASSERT((bip->bli_flags & XFS_BLI_LOGGED) ||
               (bip->bli_flags & XFS_BLI_ORDERED) ||
               (bip->bli_flags & XFS_BLI_STALE));

        trace_xfs_buf_item_pin(bip);

        atomic_inc(&bip->bli_refcount);
        atomic_inc(&bip->bli_buf->b_pin_count);
}

/*
 * This is called to unpin the buffer associated with the buf log
 * item which was previously pinned with a call to xfs_buf_item_pin().
 *
 * Also drop the reference to the buf item for the current transaction.
 * If the XFS_BLI_STALE flag is set and we are the last reference,
 * then free up the buf log item and unlock the buffer.
 *
 * If the remove flag is set we are called from uncommit in the
 * forced-shutdown path.  If that is true and the reference count on
 * the log item is going to drop to zero we need to free the item's
 * descriptor in the transaction.
 */
STATIC void
xfs_buf_item_unpin(
        struct xfs_log_item     *lip,
        int                     remove)
{
        struct xfs_buf_log_item *bip = BUF_ITEM(lip);
        xfs_buf_t               *bp = bip->bli_buf;
        struct xfs_ail          *ailp = lip->li_ailp;
        int                     stale = bip->bli_flags & XFS_BLI_STALE;
        int                     freed;

        ASSERT(bp->b_log_item == bip);
        ASSERT(atomic_read(&bip->bli_refcount) > 0);

        trace_xfs_buf_item_unpin(bip);

        freed = atomic_dec_and_test(&bip->bli_refcount);

        if (atomic_dec_and_test(&bp->b_pin_count))
                wake_up_all(&bp->b_waiters);

        if (freed && stale) {
                ASSERT(bip->bli_flags & XFS_BLI_STALE);
                ASSERT(xfs_buf_islocked(bp));
                ASSERT(bp->b_flags & XBF_STALE);
                ASSERT(bip->__bli_format.blf_flags & XFS_BLF_CANCEL);

                trace_xfs_buf_item_unpin_stale(bip);

                if (remove) {
                        /*
                         * If we are in a transaction context, we have to
                         * remove the log item from the transaction as we are
                         * about to release our reference to the buffer.  If we
                         * don't, the unlock that occurs later in
                         * xfs_trans_uncommit() will try to reference the
                         * buffer which we no longer have a hold on.
                         */
                        if (!list_empty(&lip->li_trans))
                                xfs_trans_del_item(lip);

                        /*
                         * Since the transaction no longer refers to the buffer,
                         * the buffer should no longer refer to the transaction.
                         */
                        bp->b_transp = NULL;
                }

                /*
                 * If we get called here because of an IO error, we may
                 * or may not have the item on the AIL. xfs_trans_ail_delete()
                 * will take care of that situation.
                 * xfs_trans_ail_delete() drops the AIL lock.
                 */
                if (bip->bli_flags & XFS_BLI_STALE_INODE) {
                        xfs_buf_do_callbacks(bp);
                        bp->b_log_item = NULL;
                        list_del_init(&bp->b_li_list);
                        bp->b_iodone = NULL;
                } else {
                        spin_lock(&ailp->ail_lock);
                        xfs_trans_ail_delete(ailp, lip, SHUTDOWN_LOG_IO_ERROR);
                        xfs_buf_item_relse(bp);
                        ASSERT(bp->b_log_item == NULL);
                }
                xfs_buf_relse(bp);
        } else if (freed && remove) {
                /*
                 * There are currently two references to the buffer - the active
                 * LRU reference and the buf log item. What we are about to do
                 * here - simulate a failed IO completion - requires 3
                 * references.
                 *
                 * The LRU reference is removed by the xfs_buf_stale() call. The
                 * buf item reference is removed by the xfs_buf_iodone()
                 * callback that is run by xfs_buf_do_callbacks() during ioend
                 * processing (via the bp->b_iodone callback), and then finally
                 * the ioend processing will drop the IO reference if the buffer
                 * is marked XBF_ASYNC.
                 *
                 * Hence we need to take an additional reference here so that IO
                 * completion processing doesn't free the buffer prematurely.
                 */
                xfs_buf_lock(bp);
                xfs_buf_hold(bp);
                bp->b_flags |= XBF_ASYNC;
                xfs_buf_ioerror(bp, -EIO);
                bp->b_flags &= ~XBF_DONE;
                xfs_buf_stale(bp);
                xfs_buf_ioend(bp);
        }
}

/*
 * Buffer IO error rate limiting. Limit it to no more than 10 messages per 30
 * seconds so as to not spam logs too much on repeated detection of the same
 * buffer being bad..
 */

static DEFINE_RATELIMIT_STATE(xfs_buf_write_fail_rl_state, 30 * HZ, 10);

STATIC uint
xfs_buf_item_push(
        struct xfs_log_item     *lip,
        struct list_head        *buffer_list)
{
        struct xfs_buf_log_item *bip = BUF_ITEM(lip);
        struct xfs_buf          *bp = bip->bli_buf;
        uint                    rval = XFS_ITEM_SUCCESS;

        if (xfs_buf_ispinned(bp))
                return XFS_ITEM_PINNED;
        if (!xfs_buf_trylock(bp)) {
                /*
                 * If we have just raced with a buffer being pinned and it has
                 * been marked stale, we could end up stalling until someone else
                 * issues a log force to unpin the stale buffer. Check for the
                 * race condition here so xfsaild recognizes the buffer is pinned
                 * and queues a log force to move it along.
                 */
                if (xfs_buf_ispinned(bp))
                        return XFS_ITEM_PINNED;
                return XFS_ITEM_LOCKED;
        }

        ASSERT(!(bip->bli_flags & XFS_BLI_STALE));

        trace_xfs_buf_item_push(bip);

        /* has a previous flush failed due to IO errors? */
        if ((bp->b_flags & XBF_WRITE_FAIL) &&
            ___ratelimit(&xfs_buf_write_fail_rl_state, "XFS: Failing async write")) {
                xfs_warn(bp->b_target->bt_mount,
"Failing async write on buffer block 0x%llx. Retrying async write.",
                         (long long)bp->b_bn);
        }

        if (!xfs_buf_delwri_queue(bp, buffer_list))
                rval = XFS_ITEM_FLUSHING;
        xfs_buf_unlock(bp);
        return rval;
}

/*
 * Drop the buffer log item refcount and take appropriate action. This helper
 * determines whether the bli must be freed or not, since a decrement to zero
 * does not necessarily mean the bli is unused.
 *
 * Return true if the bli is freed, false otherwise.
 */
bool
xfs_buf_item_put(
        struct xfs_buf_log_item *bip)
{
        struct xfs_log_item     *lip = &bip->bli_item;
        bool                    aborted;
        bool                    dirty;

        /* drop the bli ref and return if it wasn't the last one */
        if (!atomic_dec_and_test(&bip->bli_refcount))
                return false;

        /*
         * We dropped the last ref and must free the item if clean or aborted.
         * If the bli is dirty and non-aborted, the buffer was clean in the
         * transaction but still awaiting writeback from previous changes. In
         * that case, the bli is freed on buffer writeback completion.
         */
        aborted = test_bit(XFS_LI_ABORTED, &lip->li_flags) ||
                  XFS_FORCED_SHUTDOWN(lip->li_mountp);
        dirty = bip->bli_flags & XFS_BLI_DIRTY;
        if (dirty && !aborted)
                return false;

        /*
         * The bli is aborted or clean. An aborted item may be in the AIL
         * regardless of dirty state.  For example, consider an aborted
         * transaction that invalidated a dirty bli and cleared the dirty
         * state.
         */
        if (aborted)
                xfs_trans_ail_remove(lip, SHUTDOWN_LOG_IO_ERROR);
        xfs_buf_item_relse(bip->bli_buf);
        return true;
}

/*
 * Release the buffer associated with the buf log item.  If there is no dirty
 * logged data associated with the buffer recorded in the buf log item, then
 * free the buf log item and remove the reference to it in the buffer.
 *
 * This call ignores the recursion count.  It is only called when the buffer
 * should REALLY be unlocked, regardless of the recursion count.
 *
 * We unconditionally drop the transaction's reference to the log item. If the
 * item was logged, then another reference was taken when it was pinned, so we
 * can safely drop the transaction reference now.  This also allows us to avoid
 * potential races with the unpin code freeing the bli by not referencing the
 * bli after we've dropped the reference count.
 *
 * If the XFS_BLI_HOLD flag is set in the buf log item, then free the log item
 * if necessary but do not unlock the buffer.  This is for support of
 * xfs_trans_bhold(). Make sure the XFS_BLI_HOLD field is cleared if we don't
 * free the item.
 */
STATIC void
xfs_buf_item_unlock(
        struct xfs_log_item     *lip)
{
        struct xfs_buf_log_item *bip = BUF_ITEM(lip);
        struct xfs_buf          *bp = bip->bli_buf;
        bool                    released;
        bool                    hold = bip->bli_flags & XFS_BLI_HOLD;
        bool                    stale = bip->bli_flags & XFS_BLI_STALE;
#if defined(DEBUG) || defined(XFS_WARN)
        bool                    ordered = bip->bli_flags & XFS_BLI_ORDERED;
        bool                    dirty = bip->bli_flags & XFS_BLI_DIRTY;
#endif

        trace_xfs_buf_item_unlock(bip);

        /*
         * The bli dirty state should match whether the blf has logged segments
         * except for ordered buffers, where only the bli should be dirty.
         */
        ASSERT((!ordered && dirty == xfs_buf_item_dirty_format(bip)) ||
               (ordered && dirty && !xfs_buf_item_dirty_format(bip)));
        ASSERT(!stale || (bip->__bli_format.blf_flags & XFS_BLF_CANCEL));

        /*
         * Clear the buffer's association with this transaction and
         * per-transaction state from the bli, which has been copied above.
         */
        bp->b_transp = NULL;
        bip->bli_flags &= ~(XFS_BLI_LOGGED | XFS_BLI_HOLD | XFS_BLI_ORDERED);

        /*
         * Unref the item and unlock the buffer unless held or stale. Stale
         * buffers remain locked until final unpin unless the bli is freed by
         * the unref call. The latter implies shutdown because buffer
         * invalidation dirties the bli and transaction.
         */
        released = xfs_buf_item_put(bip);
        if (hold || (stale && !released))
                return;
        ASSERT(!stale || test_bit(XFS_LI_ABORTED, &lip->li_flags));
        xfs_buf_relse(bp);
}

/*
 * This is called to find out where the oldest active copy of the
 * buf log item in the on disk log resides now that the last log
 * write of it completed at the given lsn.
 * We always re-log all the dirty data in a buffer, so usually the
 * latest copy in the on disk log is the only one that matters.  For
 * those cases we simply return the given lsn.
 *
 * The one exception to this is for buffers full of newly allocated
 * inodes.  These buffers are only relogged with the XFS_BLI_INODE_BUF
 * flag set, indicating that only the di_next_unlinked fields from the
 * inodes in the buffers will be replayed during recovery.  If the
 * original newly allocated inode images have not yet been flushed
 * when the buffer is so relogged, then we need to make sure that we
 * keep the old images in the 'active' portion of the log.  We do this
 * by returning the original lsn of that transaction here rather than
 * the current one.
 */
STATIC xfs_lsn_t
xfs_buf_item_committed(
        struct xfs_log_item     *lip,
        xfs_lsn_t               lsn)
{
        struct xfs_buf_log_item *bip = BUF_ITEM(lip);

        trace_xfs_buf_item_committed(bip);

        if ((bip->bli_flags & XFS_BLI_INODE_ALLOC_BUF) && lip->li_lsn != 0)
                return lip->li_lsn;
        return lsn;
}

STATIC void
xfs_buf_item_committing(
        struct xfs_log_item     *lip,
        xfs_lsn_t               commit_lsn)
{
}

/*
 * This is the ops vector shared by all buf log items.
 */
static const struct xfs_item_ops xfs_buf_item_ops = {
        .iop_size       = xfs_buf_item_size,
        .iop_format     = xfs_buf_item_format,
        .iop_pin        = xfs_buf_item_pin,
        .iop_unpin      = xfs_buf_item_unpin,
        .iop_unlock     = xfs_buf_item_unlock,
        .iop_committed  = xfs_buf_item_committed,
        .iop_push       = xfs_buf_item_push,
        .iop_committing = xfs_buf_item_committing
};

STATIC int
xfs_buf_item_get_format(
        struct xfs_buf_log_item *bip,
        int                     count)
{
        ASSERT(bip->bli_formats == NULL);
        bip->bli_format_count = count;

        if (count == 1) {
                bip->bli_formats = &bip->__bli_format;
                return 0;
        }

        bip->bli_formats = kmem_zalloc(count * sizeof(struct xfs_buf_log_format),
                                KM_SLEEP);
        if (!bip->bli_formats)
                return -ENOMEM;
        return 0;
}

STATIC void
xfs_buf_item_free_format(
        struct xfs_buf_log_item *bip)
{
        if (bip->bli_formats != &bip->__bli_format) {
                kmem_free(bip->bli_formats);
                bip->bli_formats = NULL;
        }
}

/*
 * Allocate a new buf log item to go with the given buffer.
 * Set the buffer's b_log_item field to point to the new
 * buf log item.
 */
int
xfs_buf_item_init(
        struct xfs_buf  *bp,
        struct xfs_mount *mp)
{
        struct xfs_buf_log_item *bip = bp->b_log_item;
        int                     chunks;
        int                     map_size;
        int                     error;
        int                     i;

        /*
         * Check to see if there is already a buf log item for
         * this buffer. If we do already have one, there is
         * nothing to do here so return.
         */
        ASSERT(bp->b_target->bt_mount == mp);
        if (bip) {
                ASSERT(bip->bli_item.li_type == XFS_LI_BUF);
                ASSERT(!bp->b_transp);
                ASSERT(bip->bli_buf == bp);
                return 0;
        }

        bip = kmem_zone_zalloc(xfs_buf_item_zone, KM_SLEEP);
        xfs_log_item_init(mp, &bip->bli_item, XFS_LI_BUF, &xfs_buf_item_ops);
        bip->bli_buf = bp;

        /*
         * chunks is the number of XFS_BLF_CHUNK size pieces the buffer
         * can be divided into. Make sure not to truncate any pieces.
         * map_size is the size of the bitmap needed to describe the
         * chunks of the buffer.
         *
         * Discontiguous buffer support follows the layout of the underlying
         * buffer. This makes the implementation as simple as possible.
         */
        error = xfs_buf_item_get_format(bip, bp->b_map_count);
        ASSERT(error == 0);
        if (error) {    /* to stop gcc throwing set-but-unused warnings */
                kmem_zone_free(xfs_buf_item_zone, bip);
                return error;
        }


        for (i = 0; i < bip->bli_format_count; i++) {
                chunks = DIV_ROUND_UP(BBTOB(bp->b_maps[i].bm_len),
                                      XFS_BLF_CHUNK);
                map_size = DIV_ROUND_UP(chunks, NBWORD);

                bip->bli_formats[i].blf_type = XFS_LI_BUF;
                bip->bli_formats[i].blf_blkno = bp->b_maps[i].bm_bn;
                bip->bli_formats[i].blf_len = bp->b_maps[i].bm_len;
                bip->bli_formats[i].blf_map_size = map_size;
        }

        bp->b_log_item = bip;
        xfs_buf_hold(bp);
        return 0;
}


/*
 * Mark bytes first through last inclusive as dirty in the buf
 * item's bitmap.
 */
static void
xfs_buf_item_log_segment(
        uint                    first,
        uint                    last,
        uint                    *map)
{
        uint            first_bit;
        uint            last_bit;
        uint            bits_to_set;
        uint            bits_set;
        uint            word_num;
        uint            *wordp;
        uint            bit;
        uint            end_bit;
        uint            mask;

        /*
         * Convert byte offsets to bit numbers.
         */
        first_bit = first >> XFS_BLF_SHIFT;
        last_bit = last >> XFS_BLF_SHIFT;

        /*
         * Calculate the total number of bits to be set.
         */
        bits_to_set = last_bit - first_bit + 1;

        /*
         * Get a pointer to the first word in the bitmap
         * to set a bit in.
         */
        word_num = first_bit >> BIT_TO_WORD_SHIFT;
        wordp = &map[word_num];

        /*
         * Calculate the starting bit in the first word.
         */
        bit = first_bit & (uint)(NBWORD - 1);

        /*
         * First set any bits in the first word of our range.
         * If it starts at bit 0 of the word, it will be
         * set below rather than here.  That is what the variable
         * bit tells us. The variable bits_set tracks the number
         * of bits that have been set so far.  End_bit is the number
         * of the last bit to be set in this word plus one.
         */
        if (bit) {
                end_bit = min(bit + bits_to_set, (uint)NBWORD);
                mask = ((1U << (end_bit - bit)) - 1) << bit;
                *wordp |= mask;
                wordp++;
                bits_set = end_bit - bit;
        } else {
                bits_set = 0;
        }

        /*
         * Now set bits a whole word at a time that are between
         * first_bit and last_bit.
         */
        while ((bits_to_set - bits_set) >= NBWORD) {
                *wordp |= 0xffffffff;
                bits_set += NBWORD;
                wordp++;
        }

        /*
         * Finally, set any bits left to be set in one last partial word.
         */
        end_bit = bits_to_set - bits_set;
        if (end_bit) {
                mask = (1U << end_bit) - 1;
                *wordp |= mask;
        }
}

/*
 * Mark bytes first through last inclusive as dirty in the buf
 * item's bitmap.
 */
void
xfs_buf_item_log(
        struct xfs_buf_log_item *bip,
        uint                    first,
        uint                    last)
{
        int                     i;
        uint                    start;
        uint                    end;
        struct xfs_buf          *bp = bip->bli_buf;

        /*
         * walk each buffer segment and mark them dirty appropriately.
         */
        start = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < bip->bli_format_count; i++) {
                if (start > last)
                        break;
                end = start + BBTOB(bp->b_maps[i].bm_len) - 1;

                /* skip to the map that includes the first byte to log */
                if (first > end) {
                        start += BBTOB(bp->b_maps[i].bm_len);
                        continue;
                }

                /*
                 * Trim the range to this segment and mark it in the bitmap.
                 * Note that we must convert buffer offsets to segment relative
                 * offsets (e.g., the first byte of each segment is byte 0 of
                 * that segment).
                 */
                if (first < start)
                        first = start;
                if (end > last)
                        end = last;
                xfs_buf_item_log_segment(first - start, end - start,
                                         &bip->bli_formats[i].blf_data_map[0]);

                start += BBTOB(bp->b_maps[i].bm_len);
        }
}


/*
 * Return true if the buffer has any ranges logged/dirtied by a transaction,
 * false otherwise.
 */
bool
xfs_buf_item_dirty_format(
        struct xfs_buf_log_item *bip)
{
        int                     i;

        for (i = 0; i < bip->bli_format_count; i++) {
                if (!xfs_bitmap_empty(bip->bli_formats[i].blf_data_map,
                             bip->bli_formats[i].blf_map_size))
                        return true;
        }

        return false;
}

STATIC void
xfs_buf_item_free(
        struct xfs_buf_log_item *bip)
{
        xfs_buf_item_free_format(bip);
        kmem_free(bip->bli_item.li_lv_shadow);
        kmem_zone_free(xfs_buf_item_zone, bip);
}

/*
 * This is called when the buf log item is no longer needed.  It should
 * free the buf log item associated with the given buffer and clear
 * the buffer's pointer to the buf log item.  If there are no more
 * items in the list, clear the b_iodone field of the buffer (see
 * xfs_buf_attach_iodone() below).
 */
void
xfs_buf_item_relse(
        xfs_buf_t       *bp)
{
        struct xfs_buf_log_item *bip = bp->b_log_item;

        trace_xfs_buf_item_relse(bp, _RET_IP_);
        ASSERT(!(bip->bli_item.li_flags & XFS_LI_IN_AIL));

        bp->b_log_item = NULL;
        if (list_empty(&bp->b_li_list))
                bp->b_iodone = NULL;

        xfs_buf_rele(bp);
        xfs_buf_item_free(bip);
}


/*
 * Add the given log item with its callback to the list of callbacks
 * to be called when the buffer's I/O completes.  If it is not set
 * already, set the buffer's b_iodone() routine to be
 * xfs_buf_iodone_callbacks() and link the log item into the list of
 * items rooted at b_li_list.
 */
void
xfs_buf_attach_iodone(
        xfs_buf_t       *bp,
        void            (*cb)(xfs_buf_t *, xfs_log_item_t *),
        xfs_log_item_t  *lip)
{
        ASSERT(xfs_buf_islocked(bp));

        lip->li_cb = cb;
        list_add_tail(&lip->li_bio_list, &bp->b_li_list);

        ASSERT(bp->b_iodone == NULL ||
               bp->b_iodone == xfs_buf_iodone_callbacks);
        bp->b_iodone = xfs_buf_iodone_callbacks;
}

/*
 * We can have many callbacks on a buffer. Running the callbacks individually
 * can cause a lot of contention on the AIL lock, so we allow for a single
 * callback to be able to scan the remaining items in bp->b_li_list for other
 * items of the same type and callback to be processed in the first call.
 *
 * As a result, the loop walking the callback list below will also modify the
 * list. it removes the first item from the list and then runs the callback.
 * The loop then restarts from the new first item int the list. This allows the
 * callback to scan and modify the list attached to the buffer and we don't
 * have to care about maintaining a next item pointer.
 */
STATIC void
xfs_buf_do_callbacks(
        struct xfs_buf          *bp)
{
        struct xfs_buf_log_item *blip = bp->b_log_item;
        struct xfs_log_item     *lip;

        /* If there is a buf_log_item attached, run its callback */
        if (blip) {
                lip = &blip->bli_item;
                lip->li_cb(bp, lip);
        }

        while (!list_empty(&bp->b_li_list)) {
                lip = list_first_entry(&bp->b_li_list, struct xfs_log_item,
                                       li_bio_list);

                /*
                 * Remove the item from the list, so we don't have any
                 * confusion if the item is added to another buf.
                 * Don't touch the log item after calling its
                 * callback, because it could have freed itself.
                 */
                list_del_init(&lip->li_bio_list);
                lip->li_cb(bp, lip);
        }
}

/*
 * Invoke the error state callback for each log item affected by the failed I/O.
 *
 * If a metadata buffer write fails with a non-permanent error, the buffer is
 * eventually resubmitted and so the completion callbacks are not run. The error
 * state may need to be propagated to the log items attached to the buffer,
 * however, so the next AIL push of the item knows hot to handle it correctly.
 */
STATIC void
xfs_buf_do_callbacks_fail(
        struct xfs_buf          *bp)
{
        struct xfs_log_item     *lip;
        struct xfs_ail          *ailp;

        /*
         * Buffer log item errors are handled directly by xfs_buf_item_push()
         * and xfs_buf_iodone_callback_error, and they have no IO error
         * callbacks. Check only for items in b_li_list.
         */
        if (list_empty(&bp->b_li_list))
                return;

        lip = list_first_entry(&bp->b_li_list, struct xfs_log_item,
                        li_bio_list);
        ailp = lip->li_ailp;
        spin_lock(&ailp->ail_lock);
        list_for_each_entry(lip, &bp->b_li_list, li_bio_list) {
                if (lip->li_ops->iop_error)
                        lip->li_ops->iop_error(lip, bp);
        }
        spin_unlock(&ailp->ail_lock);
}

static bool
xfs_buf_iodone_callback_error(
        struct xfs_buf          *bp)
{
        struct xfs_buf_log_item *bip = bp->b_log_item;
        struct xfs_log_item     *lip;
        struct xfs_mount        *mp;
        static ulong            lasttime;
        static xfs_buftarg_t    *lasttarg;
        struct xfs_error_cfg    *cfg;

        /*
         * The failed buffer might not have a buf_log_item attached or the
         * log_item list might be empty. Get the mp from the available
         * xfs_log_item
         */
        lip = list_first_entry_or_null(&bp->b_li_list, struct xfs_log_item,
                                       li_bio_list);
        mp = lip ? lip->li_mountp : bip->bli_item.li_mountp;

        /*
         * If we've already decided to shutdown the filesystem because of
         * I/O errors, there's no point in giving this a retry.
         */
        if (XFS_FORCED_SHUTDOWN(mp))
                goto out_stale;

        if (bp->b_target != lasttarg ||
            time_after(jiffies, (lasttime + 5*HZ))) {
                lasttime = jiffies;
                xfs_buf_ioerror_alert(bp, __func__);
        }
        lasttarg = bp->b_target;

        /* synchronous writes will have callers process the error */
        if (!(bp->b_flags & XBF_ASYNC))
                goto out_stale;

        trace_xfs_buf_item_iodone_async(bp, _RET_IP_);
        ASSERT(bp->b_iodone != NULL);

        cfg = xfs_error_get_cfg(mp, XFS_ERR_METADATA, bp->b_error);

        /*
         * If the write was asynchronous then no one will be looking for the
         * error.  If this is the first failure of this type, clear the error
         * state and write the buffer out again. This means we always retry an
         * async write failure at least once, but we also need to set the buffer
         * up to behave correctly now for repeated failures.
         */
        if (!(bp->b_flags & (XBF_STALE | XBF_WRITE_FAIL)) ||
             bp->b_last_error != bp->b_error) {
                bp->b_flags |= (XBF_WRITE | XBF_DONE | XBF_WRITE_FAIL);
                bp->b_last_error = bp->b_error;
                if (cfg->retry_timeout != XFS_ERR_RETRY_FOREVER &&
                    !bp->b_first_retry_time)
                        bp->b_first_retry_time = jiffies;

                xfs_buf_ioerror(bp, 0);
                xfs_buf_submit(bp);
                return true;
        }

        /*
         * Repeated failure on an async write. Take action according to the
         * error configuration we have been set up to use.
         */

        if (cfg->max_retries != XFS_ERR_RETRY_FOREVER &&
            ++bp->b_retries > cfg->max_retries)
                        goto permanent_error;
        if (cfg->retry_timeout != XFS_ERR_RETRY_FOREVER &&
            time_after(jiffies, cfg->retry_timeout + bp->b_first_retry_time))
                        goto permanent_error;

        /* At unmount we may treat errors differently */
        if ((mp->m_flags & XFS_MOUNT_UNMOUNTING) && mp->m_fail_unmount)
                goto permanent_error;

        /*
         * Still a transient error, run IO completion failure callbacks and let
         * the higher layers retry the buffer.
         */
        xfs_buf_do_callbacks_fail(bp);
        xfs_buf_ioerror(bp, 0);
        xfs_buf_relse(bp);
        return true;

        /*
         * Permanent error - we need to trigger a shutdown if we haven't already
         * to indicate that inconsistency will result from this action.
         */
permanent_error:
        xfs_force_shutdown(mp, SHUTDOWN_META_IO_ERROR);
out_stale:
        xfs_buf_stale(bp);
        bp->b_flags |= XBF_DONE;
        trace_xfs_buf_error_relse(bp, _RET_IP_);
        return false;
}

/*
 * This is the iodone() function for buffers which have had callbacks attached
 * to them by xfs_buf_attach_iodone(). We need to iterate the items on the
 * callback list, mark the buffer as having no more callbacks and then push the
 * buffer through IO completion processing.
 */
void
xfs_buf_iodone_callbacks(
        struct xfs_buf          *bp)
{
        /*
         * If there is an error, process it. Some errors require us
         * to run callbacks after failure processing is done so we
         * detect that and take appropriate action.
         */
        if (bp->b_error && xfs_buf_iodone_callback_error(bp))
                return;

        /*
         * Successful IO or permanent error. Either way, we can clear the
         * retry state here in preparation for the next error that may occur.
         */
        bp->b_last_error = 0;
        bp->b_retries = 0;
        bp->b_first_retry_time = 0;

        xfs_buf_do_callbacks(bp);
        bp->b_log_item = NULL;
        list_del_init(&bp->b_li_list);
        bp->b_iodone = NULL;
        xfs_buf_ioend(bp);
}

/*
 * This is the iodone() function for buffers which have been
 * logged.  It is called when they are eventually flushed out.
 * It should remove the buf item from the AIL, and free the buf item.
 * It is called by xfs_buf_iodone_callbacks() above which will take
 * care of cleaning up the buffer itself.
 */
void
xfs_buf_iodone(
        struct xfs_buf          *bp,
        struct xfs_log_item     *lip)
{
        struct xfs_ail          *ailp = lip->li_ailp;

        ASSERT(BUF_ITEM(lip)->bli_buf == bp);

        xfs_buf_rele(bp);

        /*
         * If we are forcibly shutting down, this may well be
         * off the AIL already. That's because we simulate the
         * log-committed callbacks to unpin these buffers. Or we may never
         * have put this item on AIL because of the transaction was
         * aborted forcibly. xfs_trans_ail_delete() takes care of these.
         *
         * Either way, AIL is useless if we're forcing a shutdown.
         */
        spin_lock(&ailp->ail_lock);
        xfs_trans_ail_delete(ailp, lip, SHUTDOWN_CORRUPT_INCORE);
        xfs_buf_item_free(BUF_ITEM(lip));
}

/*
 * Requeue a failed buffer for writeback.
 *
 * We clear the log item failed state here as well, but we have to be careful
 * about reference counts because the only active reference counts on the buffer
 * may be the failed log items. Hence if we clear the log item failed state
 * before queuing the buffer for IO we can release all active references to
 * the buffer and free it, leading to use after free problems in
 * xfs_buf_delwri_queue. It makes no difference to the buffer or log items which
 * order we process them in - the buffer is locked, and we own the buffer list
 * so nothing on them is going to change while we are performing this action.
 *
 * Hence we can safely queue the buffer for IO before we clear the failed log
 * item state, therefore  always having an active reference to the buffer and
 * avoiding the transient zero-reference state that leads to use-after-free.
 *
 * Return true if the buffer was added to the buffer list, false if it was
 * already on the buffer list.
 */
bool
xfs_buf_resubmit_failed_buffers(
        struct xfs_buf          *bp,
        struct list_head        *buffer_list)
{
        struct xfs_log_item     *lip;
        bool                    ret;

        ret = xfs_buf_delwri_queue(bp, buffer_list);

        /*
         * XFS_LI_FAILED set/clear is protected by ail_lock, caller of this
         * function already have it acquired
         */
        list_for_each_entry(lip, &bp->b_li_list, li_bio_list)
                xfs_clear_li_failed(lip);

        return ret;
}