4 This document explains how GPIOs can be assigned to given devices and functions.
5 Note that it only applies to the new descriptor-based interface. For a
6 description of the deprecated integer-based GPIO interface please refer to
7 gpio-legacy.txt (actually, there is no real mapping possible with the old
8 interface; you just fetch an integer from somewhere and request the
11 Platforms that make use of GPIOs must select ARCH_REQUIRE_GPIOLIB (if GPIO usage
12 is mandatory) or ARCH_WANT_OPTIONAL_GPIOLIB (if GPIO support can be omitted) in
13 their Kconfig. Then, how GPIOs are mapped depends on what the platform uses to
14 describe its hardware layout. Currently, mappings can be defined through device
15 tree, ACPI, and platform data.
19 GPIOs can easily be mapped to devices and functions in the device tree. The
20 exact way to do it depends on the GPIO controller providing the GPIOs, see the
21 device tree bindings for your controller.
23 GPIOs mappings are defined in the consumer device's node, in a property named
24 <function>-gpios, where <function> is the function the driver will request
25 through gpiod_get(). For example:
28 compatible = "acme,foo";
30 led-gpios = <&gpio 15 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>, /* red */
31 <&gpio 16 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>, /* green */
32 <&gpio 17 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>; /* blue */
34 power-gpios = <&gpio 1 GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW>;
37 Properties named <function>-gpio are also considered valid and old bindings use
38 it but are only supported for compatibility reasons and should not be used for
39 newer bindings since it has been deprecated.
41 This property will make GPIOs 15, 16 and 17 available to the driver under the
42 "led" function, and GPIO 1 as the "power" GPIO:
44 struct gpio_desc *red, *green, *blue, *power;
46 red = gpiod_get_index(dev, "led", 0, GPIOD_OUT_HIGH);
47 green = gpiod_get_index(dev, "led", 1, GPIOD_OUT_HIGH);
48 blue = gpiod_get_index(dev, "led", 2, GPIOD_OUT_HIGH);
50 power = gpiod_get(dev, "power", GPIOD_OUT_HIGH);
52 The led GPIOs will be active-high, while the power GPIO will be active-low (i.e.
53 gpiod_is_active_low(power) will be true).
55 The second parameter of the gpiod_get() functions, the con_id string, has to be
56 the <function>-prefix of the GPIO suffixes ("gpios" or "gpio", automatically
57 looked up by the gpiod functions internally) used in the device tree. With above
58 "led-gpios" example, use the prefix without the "-" as con_id parameter: "led".
60 Internally, the GPIO subsystem prefixes the GPIO suffix ("gpios" or "gpio")
61 with the string passed in con_id to get the resulting string
62 (snprintf(... "%s-%s", con_id, gpio_suffixes[]).
66 ACPI also supports function names for GPIOs in a similar fashion to DT.
67 The above DT example can be converted to an equivalent ACPI description
68 with the help of _DSD (Device Specific Data), introduced in ACPI 5.1:
71 Name (_CRS, ResourceTemplate () {
72 GpioIo (Exclusive, ..., IoRestrictionOutputOnly,
73 "\\_SB.GPI0") {15} // red
74 GpioIo (Exclusive, ..., IoRestrictionOutputOnly,
75 "\\_SB.GPI0") {16} // green
76 GpioIo (Exclusive, ..., IoRestrictionOutputOnly,
77 "\\_SB.GPI0") {17} // blue
78 GpioIo (Exclusive, ..., IoRestrictionOutputOnly,
79 "\\_SB.GPI0") {1} // power
82 Name (_DSD, Package () {
83 ToUUID("daffd814-6eba-4d8c-8a91-bc9bbf4aa301"),
95 Package () {^FOO, 3, 0, 0},
101 For more information about the ACPI GPIO bindings see
102 Documentation/acpi/gpio-properties.txt.
106 Finally, GPIOs can be bound to devices and functions using platform data. Board
107 files that desire to do so need to include the following header:
109 #include <linux/gpio/machine.h>
111 GPIOs are mapped by the means of tables of lookups, containing instances of the
112 gpiod_lookup structure. Two macros are defined to help declaring such mappings:
114 GPIO_LOOKUP(chip_label, chip_hwnum, dev_id, con_id, flags)
115 GPIO_LOOKUP_IDX(chip_label, chip_hwnum, dev_id, con_id, idx, flags)
119 - chip_label is the label of the gpiod_chip instance providing the GPIO
120 - chip_hwnum is the hardware number of the GPIO within the chip
121 - dev_id is the identifier of the device that will make use of this GPIO. It
122 can be NULL, in which case it will be matched for calls to gpiod_get()
124 - con_id is the name of the GPIO function from the device point of view. It
125 can be NULL, in which case it will match any function.
126 - idx is the index of the GPIO within the function.
127 - flags is defined to specify the following properties:
128 * GPIOF_ACTIVE_LOW - to configure the GPIO as active-low
129 * GPIOF_OPEN_DRAIN - GPIO pin is open drain type.
130 * GPIOF_OPEN_SOURCE - GPIO pin is open source type.
132 In the future, these flags might be extended to support more properties.
134 Note that GPIO_LOOKUP() is just a shortcut to GPIO_LOOKUP_IDX() where idx = 0.
136 A lookup table can then be defined as follows, with an empty entry defining its
139 struct gpiod_lookup_table gpios_table = {
142 GPIO_LOOKUP_IDX("gpio.0", 15, "led", 0, GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH),
143 GPIO_LOOKUP_IDX("gpio.0", 16, "led", 1, GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH),
144 GPIO_LOOKUP_IDX("gpio.0", 17, "led", 2, GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH),
145 GPIO_LOOKUP("gpio.0", 1, "power", GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW),
150 And the table can be added by the board code as follows:
152 gpiod_add_lookup_table(&gpios_table);
154 The driver controlling "foo.0" will then be able to obtain its GPIOs as follows:
156 struct gpio_desc *red, *green, *blue, *power;
158 red = gpiod_get_index(dev, "led", 0, GPIOD_OUT_HIGH);
159 green = gpiod_get_index(dev, "led", 1, GPIOD_OUT_HIGH);
160 blue = gpiod_get_index(dev, "led", 2, GPIOD_OUT_HIGH);
162 power = gpiod_get(dev, "power", GPIOD_OUT_HIGH);
164 Since the "led" GPIOs are mapped as active-high, this example will switch their
165 signals to 1, i.e. enabling the LEDs. And for the "power" GPIO, which is mapped
166 as active-low, its actual signal will be 0 after this code. Contrary to the legacy
167 integer GPIO interface, the active-low property is handled during mapping and is
168 thus transparent to GPIO consumers.