2 * linux/arch/arm/kernel/traps.c
4 * Copyright (C) 1995-2009 Russell King
5 * Fragments that appear the same as linux/arch/i386/kernel/traps.c (C) Linus Torvalds
7 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
8 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
9 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
11 * 'traps.c' handles hardware exceptions after we have saved some state in
12 * 'linux/arch/arm/lib/traps.S'. Mostly a debugging aid, but will probably
13 * kill the offending process.
15 #include <linux/signal.h>
16 #include <linux/personality.h>
17 #include <linux/kallsyms.h>
18 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
19 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
20 #include <linux/hardirq.h>
21 #include <linux/kdebug.h>
22 #include <linux/module.h>
23 #include <linux/kexec.h>
24 #include <linux/bug.h>
25 #include <linux/delay.h>
26 #include <linux/init.h>
27 #include <linux/sched.h>
29 #include <linux/atomic.h>
30 #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
31 #include <asm/exception.h>
32 #include <asm/unistd.h>
33 #include <asm/traps.h>
34 #include <asm/unwind.h>
36 #include <asm/system_misc.h>
40 static const char *handler
[]= { "prefetch abort", "data abort", "address exception", "interrupt" };
44 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_USER
45 unsigned int user_debug
;
47 static int __init
user_debug_setup(char *str
)
49 get_option(&str
, &user_debug
);
52 __setup("user_debug=", user_debug_setup
);
55 static void dump_mem(const char *, const char *, unsigned long, unsigned long);
57 void dump_backtrace_entry(unsigned long where
, unsigned long from
, unsigned long frame
)
59 #ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS
60 printk("[<%08lx>] (%pS) from [<%08lx>] (%pS)\n", where
, (void *)where
, from
, (void *)from
);
62 printk("Function entered at [<%08lx>] from [<%08lx>]\n", where
, from
);
65 if (in_exception_text(where
))
66 dump_mem("", "Exception stack", frame
+ 4, frame
+ 4 + sizeof(struct pt_regs
));
69 #ifndef CONFIG_ARM_UNWIND
71 * Stack pointers should always be within the kernels view of
72 * physical memory. If it is not there, then we can't dump
73 * out any information relating to the stack.
75 static int verify_stack(unsigned long sp
)
77 if (sp
< PAGE_OFFSET
||
78 (sp
> (unsigned long)high_memory
&& high_memory
!= NULL
))
86 * Dump out the contents of some memory nicely...
88 static void dump_mem(const char *lvl
, const char *str
, unsigned long bottom
,
96 * We need to switch to kernel mode so that we can use __get_user
97 * to safely read from kernel space. Note that we now dump the
98 * code first, just in case the backtrace kills us.
103 printk("%s%s(0x%08lx to 0x%08lx)\n", lvl
, str
, bottom
, top
);
105 for (first
= bottom
& ~31; first
< top
; first
+= 32) {
107 char str
[sizeof(" 12345678") * 8 + 1];
109 memset(str
, ' ', sizeof(str
));
110 str
[sizeof(str
) - 1] = '\0';
112 for (p
= first
, i
= 0; i
< 8 && p
< top
; i
++, p
+= 4) {
113 if (p
>= bottom
&& p
< top
) {
115 if (__get_user(val
, (unsigned long *)p
) == 0)
116 sprintf(str
+ i
* 9, " %08lx", val
);
118 sprintf(str
+ i
* 9, " ????????");
121 printk("%s%04lx:%s\n", lvl
, first
& 0xffff, str
);
127 static void dump_instr(const char *lvl
, struct pt_regs
*regs
)
129 unsigned long addr
= instruction_pointer(regs
);
130 const int thumb
= thumb_mode(regs
);
131 const int width
= thumb
? 4 : 8;
133 char str
[sizeof("00000000 ") * 5 + 2 + 1], *p
= str
;
137 * We need to switch to kernel mode so that we can use __get_user
138 * to safely read from kernel space. Note that we now dump the
139 * code first, just in case the backtrace kills us.
144 for (i
= -4; i
< 1 + !!thumb
; i
++) {
145 unsigned int val
, bad
;
148 bad
= __get_user(val
, &((u16
*)addr
)[i
]);
150 bad
= __get_user(val
, &((u32
*)addr
)[i
]);
153 p
+= sprintf(p
, i
== 0 ? "(%0*x) " : "%0*x ",
156 p
+= sprintf(p
, "bad PC value");
160 printk("%sCode: %s\n", lvl
, str
);
165 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM_UNWIND
166 static inline void dump_backtrace(struct pt_regs
*regs
, struct task_struct
*tsk
)
168 unwind_backtrace(regs
, tsk
);
171 static void dump_backtrace(struct pt_regs
*regs
, struct task_struct
*tsk
)
173 unsigned int fp
, mode
;
176 printk("Backtrace: ");
183 mode
= processor_mode(regs
);
184 } else if (tsk
!= current
) {
185 fp
= thread_saved_fp(tsk
);
188 asm("mov %0, fp" : "=r" (fp
) : : "cc");
193 printk("no frame pointer");
195 } else if (verify_stack(fp
)) {
196 printk("invalid frame pointer 0x%08x", fp
);
198 } else if (fp
< (unsigned long)end_of_stack(tsk
))
199 printk("frame pointer underflow");
203 c_backtrace(fp
, mode
);
207 void show_stack(struct task_struct
*tsk
, unsigned long *sp
)
209 dump_backtrace(NULL
, tsk
);
213 #ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT
214 #define S_PREEMPT " PREEMPT"
223 #ifdef CONFIG_THUMB2_KERNEL
224 #define S_ISA " THUMB2"
229 static int __die(const char *str
, int err
, struct pt_regs
*regs
)
231 struct task_struct
*tsk
= current
;
232 static int die_counter
;
235 printk(KERN_EMERG
"Internal error: %s: %x [#%d]" S_PREEMPT S_SMP
236 S_ISA
"\n", str
, err
, ++die_counter
);
238 /* trap and error numbers are mostly meaningless on ARM */
239 ret
= notify_die(DIE_OOPS
, str
, regs
, err
, tsk
->thread
.trap_no
, SIGSEGV
);
240 if (ret
== NOTIFY_STOP
)
245 printk(KERN_EMERG
"Process %.*s (pid: %d, stack limit = 0x%p)\n",
246 TASK_COMM_LEN
, tsk
->comm
, task_pid_nr(tsk
), end_of_stack(tsk
));
248 if (!user_mode(regs
) || in_interrupt()) {
249 dump_mem(KERN_EMERG
, "Stack: ", regs
->ARM_sp
,
250 THREAD_SIZE
+ (unsigned long)task_stack_page(tsk
));
251 dump_backtrace(regs
, tsk
);
252 dump_instr(KERN_EMERG
, regs
);
258 static arch_spinlock_t die_lock
= __ARCH_SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED
;
259 static int die_owner
= -1;
260 static unsigned int die_nest_count
;
262 static unsigned long oops_begin(void)
269 /* racy, but better than risking deadlock. */
270 raw_local_irq_save(flags
);
271 cpu
= smp_processor_id();
272 if (!arch_spin_trylock(&die_lock
)) {
273 if (cpu
== die_owner
)
274 /* nested oops. should stop eventually */;
276 arch_spin_lock(&die_lock
);
285 static void oops_end(unsigned long flags
, struct pt_regs
*regs
, int signr
)
287 if (regs
&& kexec_should_crash(current
))
292 add_taint(TAINT_DIE
, LOCKDEP_NOW_UNRELIABLE
);
295 /* Nest count reaches zero, release the lock. */
296 arch_spin_unlock(&die_lock
);
297 raw_local_irq_restore(flags
);
301 panic("Fatal exception in interrupt");
303 panic("Fatal exception");
309 * This function is protected against re-entrancy.
311 void die(const char *str
, struct pt_regs
*regs
, int err
)
313 enum bug_trap_type bug_type
= BUG_TRAP_TYPE_NONE
;
314 unsigned long flags
= oops_begin();
317 if (!user_mode(regs
))
318 bug_type
= report_bug(regs
->ARM_pc
, regs
);
319 if (bug_type
!= BUG_TRAP_TYPE_NONE
)
322 if (__die(str
, err
, regs
))
325 oops_end(flags
, regs
, sig
);
328 void arm_notify_die(const char *str
, struct pt_regs
*regs
,
329 struct siginfo
*info
, unsigned long err
, unsigned long trap
)
331 if (user_mode(regs
)) {
332 current
->thread
.error_code
= err
;
333 current
->thread
.trap_no
= trap
;
335 force_sig_info(info
->si_signo
, info
, current
);
341 #ifdef CONFIG_GENERIC_BUG
343 int is_valid_bugaddr(unsigned long pc
)
345 #ifdef CONFIG_THUMB2_KERNEL
351 if (probe_kernel_address((unsigned *)pc
, bkpt
))
354 return bkpt
== BUG_INSTR_VALUE
;
359 static LIST_HEAD(undef_hook
);
360 static DEFINE_RAW_SPINLOCK(undef_lock
);
362 void register_undef_hook(struct undef_hook
*hook
)
366 raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&undef_lock
, flags
);
367 list_add(&hook
->node
, &undef_hook
);
368 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&undef_lock
, flags
);
371 void unregister_undef_hook(struct undef_hook
*hook
)
375 raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&undef_lock
, flags
);
376 list_del(&hook
->node
);
377 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&undef_lock
, flags
);
380 static int call_undef_hook(struct pt_regs
*regs
, unsigned int instr
)
382 struct undef_hook
*hook
;
384 int (*fn
)(struct pt_regs
*regs
, unsigned int instr
) = NULL
;
386 raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&undef_lock
, flags
);
387 list_for_each_entry(hook
, &undef_hook
, node
)
388 if ((instr
& hook
->instr_mask
) == hook
->instr_val
&&
389 (regs
->ARM_cpsr
& hook
->cpsr_mask
) == hook
->cpsr_val
)
391 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&undef_lock
, flags
);
393 return fn
? fn(regs
, instr
) : 1;
396 asmlinkage
void __exception
do_undefinstr(struct pt_regs
*regs
)
402 pc
= (void __user
*)instruction_pointer(regs
);
404 if (processor_mode(regs
) == SVC_MODE
) {
405 #ifdef CONFIG_THUMB2_KERNEL
406 if (thumb_mode(regs
)) {
407 instr
= ((u16
*)pc
)[0];
408 if (is_wide_instruction(instr
)) {
410 instr
|= ((u16
*)pc
)[1];
415 } else if (thumb_mode(regs
)) {
416 if (get_user(instr
, (u16 __user
*)pc
))
418 if (is_wide_instruction(instr
)) {
420 if (get_user(instr2
, (u16 __user
*)pc
+1))
425 } else if (get_user(instr
, (u32 __user
*)pc
)) {
429 if (call_undef_hook(regs
, instr
) == 0)
433 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_USER
434 if (user_debug
& UDBG_UNDEFINED
) {
435 printk(KERN_INFO
"%s (%d): undefined instruction: pc=%p\n",
436 current
->comm
, task_pid_nr(current
), pc
);
437 dump_instr(KERN_INFO
, regs
);
441 info
.si_signo
= SIGILL
;
443 info
.si_code
= ILL_ILLOPC
;
446 arm_notify_die("Oops - undefined instruction", regs
, &info
, 0, 6);
449 asmlinkage
void do_unexp_fiq (struct pt_regs
*regs
)
451 printk("Hmm. Unexpected FIQ received, but trying to continue\n");
452 printk("You may have a hardware problem...\n");
456 * bad_mode handles the impossible case in the vectors. If you see one of
457 * these, then it's extremely serious, and could mean you have buggy hardware.
458 * It never returns, and never tries to sync. We hope that we can at least
459 * dump out some state information...
461 asmlinkage
void bad_mode(struct pt_regs
*regs
, int reason
)
465 printk(KERN_CRIT
"Bad mode in %s handler detected\n", handler
[reason
]);
467 die("Oops - bad mode", regs
, 0);
472 static int bad_syscall(int n
, struct pt_regs
*regs
)
474 struct thread_info
*thread
= current_thread_info();
477 if ((current
->personality
& PER_MASK
) != PER_LINUX
&&
478 thread
->exec_domain
->handler
) {
479 thread
->exec_domain
->handler(n
, regs
);
483 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_USER
484 if (user_debug
& UDBG_SYSCALL
) {
485 printk(KERN_ERR
"[%d] %s: obsolete system call %08x.\n",
486 task_pid_nr(current
), current
->comm
, n
);
487 dump_instr(KERN_ERR
, regs
);
491 info
.si_signo
= SIGILL
;
493 info
.si_code
= ILL_ILLTRP
;
494 info
.si_addr
= (void __user
*)instruction_pointer(regs
) -
495 (thumb_mode(regs
) ? 2 : 4);
497 arm_notify_die("Oops - bad syscall", regs
, &info
, n
, 0);
503 do_cache_op(unsigned long start
, unsigned long end
, int flags
)
505 struct mm_struct
*mm
= current
->active_mm
;
506 struct vm_area_struct
*vma
;
508 if (end
< start
|| flags
)
511 down_read(&mm
->mmap_sem
);
512 vma
= find_vma(mm
, start
);
513 if (vma
&& vma
->vm_start
< end
) {
514 if (start
< vma
->vm_start
)
515 start
= vma
->vm_start
;
516 if (end
> vma
->vm_end
)
519 up_read(&mm
->mmap_sem
);
520 return flush_cache_user_range(start
, end
);
522 up_read(&mm
->mmap_sem
);
527 * Handle all unrecognised system calls.
528 * 0x9f0000 - 0x9fffff are some more esoteric system calls
530 #define NR(x) ((__ARM_NR_##x) - __ARM_NR_BASE)
531 asmlinkage
int arm_syscall(int no
, struct pt_regs
*regs
)
533 struct thread_info
*thread
= current_thread_info();
536 if ((no
>> 16) != (__ARM_NR_BASE
>> 16))
537 return bad_syscall(no
, regs
);
539 switch (no
& 0xffff) {
540 case 0: /* branch through 0 */
541 info
.si_signo
= SIGSEGV
;
543 info
.si_code
= SEGV_MAPERR
;
546 arm_notify_die("branch through zero", regs
, &info
, 0, 0);
549 case NR(breakpoint
): /* SWI BREAK_POINT */
550 regs
->ARM_pc
-= thumb_mode(regs
) ? 2 : 4;
551 ptrace_break(current
, regs
);
555 * Flush a region from virtual address 'r0' to virtual address 'r1'
556 * _exclusive_. There is no alignment requirement on either address;
557 * user space does not need to know the hardware cache layout.
559 * r2 contains flags. It should ALWAYS be passed as ZERO until it
560 * is defined to be something else. For now we ignore it, but may
561 * the fires of hell burn in your belly if you break this rule. ;)
563 * (at a later date, we may want to allow this call to not flush
564 * various aspects of the cache. Passing '0' will guarantee that
565 * everything necessary gets flushed to maintain consistency in
566 * the specified region).
569 return do_cache_op(regs
->ARM_r0
, regs
->ARM_r1
, regs
->ARM_r2
);
572 if (!(elf_hwcap
& HWCAP_26BIT
))
574 regs
->ARM_cpsr
&= ~MODE32_BIT
;
578 if (!(elf_hwcap
& HWCAP_26BIT
))
580 regs
->ARM_cpsr
|= MODE32_BIT
;
584 thread
->tp_value
= regs
->ARM_r0
;
588 asm ("mcr p15, 0, %0, c13, c0, 3"
589 : : "r" (regs
->ARM_r0
));
592 * User space must never try to access this directly.
593 * Expect your app to break eventually if you do so.
594 * The user helper at 0xffff0fe0 must be used instead.
595 * (see entry-armv.S for details)
597 *((unsigned int *)0xffff0ff0) = regs
->ARM_r0
;
601 #ifdef CONFIG_NEEDS_SYSCALL_FOR_CMPXCHG
603 * Atomically store r1 in *r2 if *r2 is equal to r0 for user space.
604 * Return zero in r0 if *MEM was changed or non-zero if no exchange
605 * happened. Also set the user C flag accordingly.
606 * If access permissions have to be fixed up then non-zero is
607 * returned and the operation has to be re-attempted.
609 * *NOTE*: This is a ghost syscall private to the kernel. Only the
610 * __kuser_cmpxchg code in entry-armv.S should be aware of its
611 * existence. Don't ever use this from user code.
615 extern void do_DataAbort(unsigned long addr
, unsigned int fsr
,
616 struct pt_regs
*regs
);
618 unsigned long addr
= regs
->ARM_r2
;
619 struct mm_struct
*mm
= current
->mm
;
620 pgd_t
*pgd
; pmd_t
*pmd
; pte_t
*pte
;
623 regs
->ARM_cpsr
&= ~PSR_C_BIT
;
624 down_read(&mm
->mmap_sem
);
625 pgd
= pgd_offset(mm
, addr
);
626 if (!pgd_present(*pgd
))
628 pmd
= pmd_offset(pgd
, addr
);
629 if (!pmd_present(*pmd
))
631 pte
= pte_offset_map_lock(mm
, pmd
, addr
, &ptl
);
632 if (!pte_present(*pte
) || !pte_write(*pte
) || !pte_dirty(*pte
)) {
633 pte_unmap_unlock(pte
, ptl
);
636 val
= *(unsigned long *)addr
;
639 *(unsigned long *)addr
= regs
->ARM_r1
;
640 regs
->ARM_cpsr
|= PSR_C_BIT
;
642 pte_unmap_unlock(pte
, ptl
);
643 up_read(&mm
->mmap_sem
);
647 up_read(&mm
->mmap_sem
);
648 /* simulate a write access fault */
649 do_DataAbort(addr
, 15 + (1 << 11), regs
);
654 /* Calls 9f00xx..9f07ff are defined to return -ENOSYS
655 if not implemented, rather than raising SIGILL. This
656 way the calling program can gracefully determine whether
657 a feature is supported. */
658 if ((no
& 0xffff) <= 0x7ff)
662 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_USER
664 * experience shows that these seem to indicate that
665 * something catastrophic has happened
667 if (user_debug
& UDBG_SYSCALL
) {
668 printk("[%d] %s: arm syscall %d\n",
669 task_pid_nr(current
), current
->comm
, no
);
670 dump_instr("", regs
);
671 if (user_mode(regs
)) {
673 c_backtrace(regs
->ARM_fp
, processor_mode(regs
));
677 info
.si_signo
= SIGILL
;
679 info
.si_code
= ILL_ILLTRP
;
680 info
.si_addr
= (void __user
*)instruction_pointer(regs
) -
681 (thumb_mode(regs
) ? 2 : 4);
683 arm_notify_die("Oops - bad syscall(2)", regs
, &info
, no
, 0);
687 #ifdef CONFIG_TLS_REG_EMUL
690 * We might be running on an ARMv6+ processor which should have the TLS
691 * register but for some reason we can't use it, or maybe an SMP system
692 * using a pre-ARMv6 processor (there are apparently a few prototypes like
693 * that in existence) and therefore access to that register must be
697 static int get_tp_trap(struct pt_regs
*regs
, unsigned int instr
)
699 int reg
= (instr
>> 12) & 15;
702 regs
->uregs
[reg
] = current_thread_info()->tp_value
;
707 static struct undef_hook arm_mrc_hook
= {
708 .instr_mask
= 0x0fff0fff,
709 .instr_val
= 0x0e1d0f70,
710 .cpsr_mask
= PSR_T_BIT
,
715 static int __init
arm_mrc_hook_init(void)
717 register_undef_hook(&arm_mrc_hook
);
721 late_initcall(arm_mrc_hook_init
);
725 void __bad_xchg(volatile void *ptr
, int size
)
727 printk("xchg: bad data size: pc 0x%p, ptr 0x%p, size %d\n",
728 __builtin_return_address(0), ptr
, size
);
731 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__bad_xchg
);
734 * A data abort trap was taken, but we did not handle the instruction.
735 * Try to abort the user program, or panic if it was the kernel.
738 baddataabort(int code
, unsigned long instr
, struct pt_regs
*regs
)
740 unsigned long addr
= instruction_pointer(regs
);
743 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_USER
744 if (user_debug
& UDBG_BADABORT
) {
745 printk(KERN_ERR
"[%d] %s: bad data abort: code %d instr 0x%08lx\n",
746 task_pid_nr(current
), current
->comm
, code
, instr
);
747 dump_instr(KERN_ERR
, regs
);
748 show_pte(current
->mm
, addr
);
752 info
.si_signo
= SIGILL
;
754 info
.si_code
= ILL_ILLOPC
;
755 info
.si_addr
= (void __user
*)addr
;
757 arm_notify_die("unknown data abort code", regs
, &info
, instr
, 0);
760 void __readwrite_bug(const char *fn
)
762 printk("%s called, but not implemented\n", fn
);
765 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__readwrite_bug
);
767 void __pte_error(const char *file
, int line
, pte_t pte
)
769 printk("%s:%d: bad pte %08llx.\n", file
, line
, (long long)pte_val(pte
));
772 void __pmd_error(const char *file
, int line
, pmd_t pmd
)
774 printk("%s:%d: bad pmd %08llx.\n", file
, line
, (long long)pmd_val(pmd
));
777 void __pgd_error(const char *file
, int line
, pgd_t pgd
)
779 printk("%s:%d: bad pgd %08llx.\n", file
, line
, (long long)pgd_val(pgd
));
782 asmlinkage
void __div0(void)
784 printk("Division by zero in kernel.\n");
787 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__div0
);
793 /* if that doesn't kill us, halt */
794 panic("Oops failed to kill thread");
796 EXPORT_SYMBOL(abort
);
798 void __init
trap_init(void)
803 static void __init
kuser_get_tls_init(unsigned long vectors
)
806 * vectors + 0xfe0 = __kuser_get_tls
807 * vectors + 0xfe8 = hardware TLS instruction at 0xffff0fe8
809 if (tls_emu
|| has_tls_reg
)
810 memcpy((void *)vectors
+ 0xfe0, (void *)vectors
+ 0xfe8, 4);
813 void __init
early_trap_init(void *vectors_base
)
815 unsigned long vectors
= (unsigned long)vectors_base
;
816 extern char __stubs_start
[], __stubs_end
[];
817 extern char __vectors_start
[], __vectors_end
[];
818 extern char __kuser_helper_start
[], __kuser_helper_end
[];
819 int kuser_sz
= __kuser_helper_end
- __kuser_helper_start
;
821 vectors_page
= vectors_base
;
824 * Copy the vectors, stubs and kuser helpers (in entry-armv.S)
825 * into the vector page, mapped at 0xffff0000, and ensure these
826 * are visible to the instruction stream.
828 memcpy((void *)vectors
, __vectors_start
, __vectors_end
- __vectors_start
);
829 memcpy((void *)vectors
+ 0x200, __stubs_start
, __stubs_end
- __stubs_start
);
830 memcpy((void *)vectors
+ 0x1000 - kuser_sz
, __kuser_helper_start
, kuser_sz
);
833 * Do processor specific fixups for the kuser helpers
835 kuser_get_tls_init(vectors
);
838 * Copy signal return handlers into the vector page, and
839 * set sigreturn to be a pointer to these.
841 memcpy((void *)(vectors
+ KERN_SIGRETURN_CODE
- CONFIG_VECTORS_BASE
),
842 sigreturn_codes
, sizeof(sigreturn_codes
));
844 flush_icache_range(vectors
, vectors
+ PAGE_SIZE
);
845 modify_domain(DOMAIN_USER
, DOMAIN_CLIENT
);