BOOK/chapter06/coreutils.xml

   1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
   2 <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
   3   "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
   4   <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
   5   %general-entities;
   6 ]>
   7
   8 <sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
   9   <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
  10
  11   <sect1info condition="script">
  12     <productname>coreutils</productname>
  13     <productnumber>&coreutils-version;</productnumber>
  14     <address>&coreutils-url;</address>
  15   </sect1info>
  16
  17   <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
  18
  19   <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
  20     <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
  21   </indexterm>
  22
  23   <sect2 role="package">
  24     <title/>
  25
  26     <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
  27     basic system characteristics.</para>
  28
  29     <segmentedlist>
  30       <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
  31       <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
  32
  33       <seglistitem>
  34         <seg>&coreutils-ch6-sbu;</seg>
  35         <seg>&coreutils-ch6-du;</seg>
  36       </seglistitem>
  37     </segmentedlist>
  38
  39   </sect2>
  40
  41   <sect2 role="installation">
  42     <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
  43
  44     <para>POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character
  45     boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch fixes
  46     this non-compliance and other internationalization-related bugs.</para>
  47
  48 <screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch;</userinput></screen>
  49
  50     <note>
  51       <para>In the past, many bugs were found in this patch. When reporting new
  52       bugs to Coreutils maintainers, please check first if they are reproducible
  53       without this patch.</para>
  54     </note>
  55
  56    <!-- this has been fixed in upstream gnulib, when a new version of
  57    coreutils is released, please check #4055 to see if the change has been
  58    picked up in this package -->
  59    <para>Suppress a test which on some machines can loop forever:</para>
  60
  61 <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i '/test.lock/s/^/#/' gnulib-tests/gnulib.mk</userinput></screen>
  62
  63     <para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
  64
  65 <screen><userinput remap="configure">autoreconf -fiv
  66 FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 ./configure \
  67             --prefix=/usr            \
  68             --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</userinput></screen>
  69
  70     <variablelist>
  71       <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
  72
  73       <varlistentry>
  74         <term><command>autoreconf</command></term>
  75         <listitem>
  76           <para>This command updates generated configuration files
  77           consistent with the latest version of automake.
  78           </para>
  79         </listitem>
  80       </varlistentry>
  81
  82       <varlistentry>
  83         <term><envar>FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1</envar></term>
  84         <listitem>
  85           <para>This environment variable allows the package to be
  86           built as the root user.
  87           </para>
  88         </listitem>
  89       </varlistentry>
  90
  91       <varlistentry>
  92         <term><parameter>--enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</parameter></term>
  93         <listitem>
  94           <para>The purpose of this switch is to prevent Coreutils from
  95           installing binaries that will be installed by other packages later.
  96           </para>
  97         </listitem>
  98       </varlistentry>
  99     </variablelist>
 100
 101     <para>Compile the package:</para>
 102
 103 <screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
 104
 105     <para>Skip down to <quote>Install the
 106     package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
 107
 108     <para>Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run the tests that are
 109     meant to be run as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
 110
 111 <screen><userinput remap="test">make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=nobody check-root</userinput></screen>
 112
 113     <para>We're going to run the remainder of the tests as the
 114     <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> user. Certain tests,
 115     however, require that the user be a member of more than one group. So that
 116     these tests are not skipped we'll add a temporary group and make the
 117     user <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> a part of it:</para>
 118
 119 <screen><userinput remap="test">echo "dummy:x:1000:nobody" &gt;&gt; /etc/group</userinput></screen>
 120
 121     <para>Fix some of the permissions so that the non-root user can compile and
 122     run the tests:</para>
 123
 124 <screen><userinput remap="test">chown -Rv nobody . </userinput></screen>
 125
 126     <para>Now run the tests. Make sure the PATH in the <userinput>su</userinput>
 127     environment includes /tools/bin.</para>
 128
 129 <screen><userinput remap="test">su nobody -s /bin/bash \
 130           -c "PATH=$PATH make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
 131
 132     <para>The test program test-getlogin is known to fail in a
 133     partially built system environment like the chroot environment here, but
 134     passes if run at the end of this chapter.  The test program tty.sh is
 135     also known to fail.</para>
 136
 137     <para>Remove the temporary group:</para>
 138
 139 <screen><userinput remap="test">sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/group</userinput></screen>
 140
 141     <para>Install the package:</para>
 142
 143 <screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
 144
 145     <para>Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
 146
 147 <screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin
 148 mv -v /usr/bin/{false,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,rm} /bin
 149 mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname} /bin
 150 mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin
 151 mv -v /usr/share/man/man1/chroot.1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8
 152 sed -i s/\"1\"/\"8\"/1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8</userinput></screen>
 153
 154     <para revision="sysv">Some of the scripts in the LFS-Bootscripts package
 155     depend on <command>head</command>, <command>nice</command>,
 156     <command>sleep</command>, and <command>touch</command>.  As <filename
 157     class="directory">/usr</filename> may not be available during the early and
 158     late stages of booting, those binaries need to be on the root partition to
 159     maintain FHS compliance:</para>
 160
 161 <screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{head,nice,sleep,touch} /bin</userinput></screen>
 162
 163   </sect2>
 164
 165   <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
 166     <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
 167
 168     <segmentedlist>
 169       <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
 170       <segtitle>Installed library</segtitle>
 171       <segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle>
 172
 173       <seglistitem>
 174         <seg>[, b2sum, base32, base64, basename, basenc, cat, chcon, chgrp, chmod, chown,
 175         chroot, cksum, comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors,
 176         dirname, du, echo, env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups,
 177         head, hostid, id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum, mkdir,
 178         mkfifo, mknod, mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, nproc, numfmt, od, paste,
 179         pathchk, pinky, pr, printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, realpath, rm,
 180         rmdir, runcon, seq, sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum,
 181         sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep, sort, split, stat, stdbuf, stty, sum,
 182         sync, tac, tail, tee, test, timeout, touch, tr, true, truncate, tsort,
 183         tty, uname, unexpand, uniq, unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and
 184         yes</seg>
 185         <seg>libstdbuf.so (in /usr/libexec/coreutils)</seg>
 186         <seg>/usr/libexec/coreutils</seg>
 187       </seglistitem>
 188     </segmentedlist>
 189
 190     <variablelist>
 191       <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
 192       <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
 193       <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 194
 195       <varlistentry id="base32">
 196         <term><command>base32</command></term>
 197         <listitem>
 198           <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base32 specification
 199           (RFC 4648)</para>
 200           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
 201             <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
 202           </indexterm>
 203         </listitem>
 204       </varlistentry>
 205
 206       <varlistentry id="base64">
 207         <term><command>base64</command></term>
 208         <listitem>
 209           <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base64 specification
 210           (RFC 4648)</para>
 211           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
 212             <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
 213           </indexterm>
 214         </listitem>
 215       </varlistentry>
 216
 217       <varlistentry id="b2sum">
 218         <term><command>b2sum</command></term>
 219         <listitem>
 220           <para>Prints or checks BLAKE2 (512-bit) checksums</para>
 221           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils b2sum">
 222             <primary sortas="b-b2sum">b2sum</primary>
 223           </indexterm>
 224         </listitem>
 225       </varlistentry>
 226
 227       <varlistentry id="basename">
 228         <term><command>basename</command></term>
 229         <listitem>
 230           <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
 231           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
 232             <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
 233           </indexterm>
 234         </listitem>
 235       </varlistentry>
 236
 237       <varlistentry id="basenc">
 238         <term><command>basenc</command></term>
 239         <listitem>
 240           <para>Encodes or decodes data using various algorithms</para>
 241           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basenc">
 242             <primary sortas="b-basenc">basenc</primary>
 243           </indexterm>
 244         </listitem>
 245       </varlistentry>
 246
 247       <varlistentry id="cat">
 248         <term><command>cat</command></term>
 249         <listitem>
 250           <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
 251           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
 252             <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
 253           </indexterm>
 254         </listitem>
 255       </varlistentry>
 256
 257       <varlistentry id="chcon">
 258         <term><command>chcon</command></term>
 259         <listitem>
 260           <para>Changes security context for files and directories</para>
 261           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chcon">
 262             <primary sortas="b-chcon">chcon</primary>
 263           </indexterm>
 264         </listitem>
 265       </varlistentry>
 266
 267       <varlistentry id="chgrp">
 268         <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
 269         <listitem>
 270           <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
 271           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
 272             <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
 273           </indexterm>
 274         </listitem>
 275       </varlistentry>
 276
 277       <varlistentry id="chmod">
 278         <term><command>chmod</command></term>
 279         <listitem>
 280           <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
 281           can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
 282           octal number representing the new permissions</para>
 283           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
 284             <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
 285           </indexterm>
 286         </listitem>
 287       </varlistentry>
 288
 289       <varlistentry id="chown">
 290         <term><command>chown</command></term>
 291         <listitem>
 292           <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
 293           directories</para>
 294           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
 295             <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
 296           </indexterm>
 297         </listitem>
 298       </varlistentry>
 299
 300       <varlistentry id="chroot">
 301         <term><command>chroot</command></term>
 302         <listitem>
 303           <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
 304           <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
 305           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
 306             <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
 307           </indexterm>
 308         </listitem>
 309       </varlistentry>
 310
 311       <varlistentry id="cksum">
 312         <term><command>cksum</command></term>
 313         <listitem>
 314           <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
 315           counts of each specified file</para>
 316           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
 317             <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
 318           </indexterm>
 319         </listitem>
 320       </varlistentry>
 321
 322       <varlistentry id="comm">
 323         <term><command>comm</command></term>
 324         <listitem>
 325           <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
 326           that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
 327           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
 328             <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
 329           </indexterm>
 330         </listitem>
 331       </varlistentry>
 332
 333       <varlistentry id="cp">
 334         <term><command>cp</command></term>
 335         <listitem>
 336           <para>Copies files</para>
 337           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
 338             <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
 339           </indexterm>
 340         </listitem>
 341       </varlistentry>
 342
 343       <varlistentry id="csplit">
 344         <term><command>csplit</command></term>
 345         <listitem>
 346           <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
 347           according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
 348           count of each new file</para>
 349           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
 350             <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
 351           </indexterm>
 352         </listitem>
 353       </varlistentry>
 354
 355       <varlistentry id="cut">
 356         <term><command>cut</command></term>
 357         <listitem>
 358           <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
 359           fields or positions</para>
 360           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
 361             <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
 362           </indexterm>
 363         </listitem>
 364       </varlistentry>
 365
 366       <varlistentry id="date">
 367         <term><command>date</command></term>
 368         <listitem>
 369           <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
 370           system date</para>
 371           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
 372             <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
 373           </indexterm>
 374         </listitem>
 375       </varlistentry>
 376
 377       <varlistentry id="dd">
 378         <term><command>dd</command> </term>
 379         <listitem>
 380           <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
 381           optionally performing conversions on it</para>
 382           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
 383             <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
 384           </indexterm>
 385         </listitem>
 386       </varlistentry>
 387
 388       <varlistentry id="df">
 389         <term><command>df</command></term>
 390         <listitem>
 391           <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
 392           mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
 393           files</para>
 394           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
 395             <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
 396           </indexterm>
 397         </listitem>
 398       </varlistentry>
 399
 400       <varlistentry id="dir">
 401         <term><command>dir</command></term>
 402         <listitem>
 403           <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
 404           the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
 405           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
 406             <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
 407           </indexterm>
 408         </listitem>
 409       </varlistentry>
 410
 411       <varlistentry id="dircolors">
 412         <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
 413         <listitem>
 414           <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
 415           environment variable to change the color scheme used by
 416           <command>ls</command></para>
 417           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
 418             <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
 419           </indexterm>
 420         </listitem>
 421       </varlistentry>
 422
 423       <varlistentry id="dirname">
 424         <term><command>dirname</command></term>
 425         <listitem>
 426           <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
 427           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
 428             <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
 429           </indexterm>
 430         </listitem>
 431       </varlistentry>
 432
 433       <varlistentry id="du">
 434         <term><command>du</command></term>
 435         <listitem>
 436           <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
 437           by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
 438           each of the given files</para>
 439           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
 440             <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
 441           </indexterm>
 442         </listitem>
 443       </varlistentry>
 444
 445       <varlistentry id="echo">
 446         <term><command>echo</command></term>
 447         <listitem>
 448           <para>Displays the given strings</para>
 449           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
 450             <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
 451           </indexterm>
 452         </listitem>
 453       </varlistentry>
 454
 455       <varlistentry id="env">
 456         <term><command>env</command></term>
 457         <listitem>
 458           <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
 459           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
 460             <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
 461           </indexterm>
 462         </listitem>
 463       </varlistentry>
 464
 465       <varlistentry id="expand">
 466         <term><command>expand</command></term>
 467         <listitem>
 468           <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
 469           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
 470             <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
 471           </indexterm>
 472         </listitem>
 473       </varlistentry>
 474
 475       <varlistentry id="expr">
 476         <term><command>expr</command></term>
 477         <listitem>
 478           <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
 479           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
 480             <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
 481           </indexterm>
 482         </listitem>
 483       </varlistentry>
 484
 485       <varlistentry id="factor">
 486         <term><command>factor</command></term>
 487         <listitem>
 488           <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
 489           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
 490             <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
 491           </indexterm>
 492         </listitem>
 493       </varlistentry>
 494
 495       <varlistentry id="false">
 496         <term><command>false</command></term>
 497         <listitem>
 498           <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
 499           indicating failure</para>
 500           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
 501             <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
 502           </indexterm>
 503         </listitem>
 504       </varlistentry>
 505
 506       <varlistentry id="fmt">
 507         <term><command>fmt</command></term>
 508         <listitem>
 509           <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
 510           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
 511             <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
 512           </indexterm>
 513         </listitem>
 514       </varlistentry>
 515
 516       <varlistentry id="fold">
 517         <term><command>fold</command></term>
 518         <listitem>
 519           <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
 520           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
 521             <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
 522           </indexterm>
 523         </listitem>
 524       </varlistentry>
 525
 526       <varlistentry id="groups">
 527         <term><command>groups</command></term>
 528         <listitem>
 529           <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
 530           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
 531             <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
 532           </indexterm>
 533         </listitem>
 534       </varlistentry>
 535
 536       <varlistentry id="head">
 537         <term><command>head</command></term>
 538         <listitem>
 539           <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
 540           of each given file</para>
 541           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
 542             <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
 543           </indexterm>
 544         </listitem>
 545       </varlistentry>
 546
 547       <varlistentry id="hostid">
 548         <term><command>hostid</command></term>
 549         <listitem>
 550           <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
 551           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
 552             <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
 553           </indexterm>
 554         </listitem>
 555       </varlistentry>
 556
 557       <varlistentry id="id">
 558         <term><command>id</command></term>
 559         <listitem>
 560           <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
 561           of the current user or specified user</para>
 562           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
 563             <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
 564           </indexterm>
 565         </listitem>
 566       </varlistentry>
 567
 568       <varlistentry id="install">
 569         <term><command>install</command> </term>
 570         <listitem>
 571           <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
 572           possible, their owner and group</para>
 573           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
 574             <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
 575           </indexterm>
 576         </listitem>
 577       </varlistentry>
 578
 579       <varlistentry id="join">
 580         <term><command>join</command></term>
 581         <listitem>
 582           <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
 583           separate files</para>
 584           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
 585             <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
 586           </indexterm>
 587         </listitem>
 588       </varlistentry>
 589
 590       <varlistentry id="link">
 591         <term><command>link</command></term>
 592         <listitem>
 593           <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
 594           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
 595             <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
 596           </indexterm>
 597         </listitem>
 598       </varlistentry>
 599
 600       <varlistentry id="ln">
 601         <term><command>ln</command></term>
 602         <listitem>
 603           <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
 604           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
 605             <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
 606           </indexterm>
 607         </listitem>
 608       </varlistentry>
 609
 610       <varlistentry id="logname">
 611         <term><command>logname</command></term>
 612         <listitem>
 613           <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
 614           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
 615             <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
 616           </indexterm>
 617         </listitem>
 618       </varlistentry>
 619
 620       <varlistentry id="ls">
 621         <term><command>ls</command></term>
 622         <listitem>
 623           <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
 624           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
 625             <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
 626           </indexterm>
 627         </listitem>
 628       </varlistentry>
 629
 630       <varlistentry id="md5sum">
 631         <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
 632         <listitem>
 633           <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
 634           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
 635             <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
 636           </indexterm>
 637         </listitem>
 638       </varlistentry>
 639
 640       <varlistentry id="mkdir">
 641         <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
 642         <listitem>
 643           <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
 644           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
 645             <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
 646           </indexterm>
 647         </listitem>
 648       </varlistentry>
 649
 650       <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
 651         <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
 652         <listitem>
 653           <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a "named
 654           pipe" in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
 655           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
 656             <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
 657           </indexterm>
 658         </listitem>
 659       </varlistentry>
 660
 661       <varlistentry id="mknod">
 662         <term><command>mknod</command></term>
 663         <listitem>
 664           <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
 665           character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
 666           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
 667             <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
 668           </indexterm>
 669         </listitem>
 670       </varlistentry>
 671
 672       <varlistentry id="mktemp">
 673         <term><command>mktemp</command></term>
 674         <listitem>
 675           <para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in scripts</para>
 676         <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp">
 677           <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary>
 678         </indexterm>
 679        </listitem>
 680      </varlistentry>
 681
 682       <varlistentry id="mv">
 683         <term><command>mv</command></term>
 684         <listitem>
 685           <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
 686           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
 687             <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
 688           </indexterm>
 689         </listitem>
 690       </varlistentry>
 691
 692       <varlistentry id="nice">
 693         <term><command>nice</command></term>
 694         <listitem>
 695           <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
 696           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
 697             <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
 698           </indexterm>
 699         </listitem>
 700       </varlistentry>
 701
 702       <varlistentry id="nl">
 703         <term><command>nl</command></term>
 704         <listitem>
 705           <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
 706           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
 707             <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
 708           </indexterm>
 709         </listitem>
 710       </varlistentry>
 711
 712       <varlistentry id="nohup">
 713         <term><command>nohup</command></term>
 714         <listitem>
 715           <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
 716           a log file</para>
 717           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
 718             <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
 719           </indexterm>
 720         </listitem>
 721       </varlistentry>
 722
 723       <varlistentry id="nproc">
 724         <term><command>nproc</command></term>
 725         <listitem>
 726           <para>Prints the number of processing units available to a
 727           process</para>
 728           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nproc">
 729             <primary sortas="b-nproc">nproc</primary>
 730           </indexterm>
 731         </listitem>
 732       </varlistentry>
 733
 734       <varlistentry id="numfmt">
 735         <term><command>numfmt</command></term>
 736         <listitem>
 737           <para>Converts numbers to or from human-readable strings</para>
 738           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils numfmt">
 739             <primary sortas="b-numfmt">numfmt</primary>
 740           </indexterm>
 741         </listitem>
 742       </varlistentry>
 743
 744       <varlistentry id="od">
 745         <term><command>od</command></term>
 746         <listitem>
 747           <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
 748           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
 749             <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
 750           </indexterm>
 751         </listitem>
 752       </varlistentry>
 753
 754       <varlistentry id="paste">
 755         <term><command>paste</command></term>
 756         <listitem>
 757           <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
 758           side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
 759           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
 760             <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
 761           </indexterm>
 762         </listitem>
 763       </varlistentry>
 764
 765       <varlistentry id="pathchk">
 766         <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
 767         <listitem>
 768           <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
 769           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
 770             <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
 771           </indexterm>
 772         </listitem>
 773       </varlistentry>
 774
 775       <varlistentry id="pinky">
 776         <term><command>pinky</command></term>
 777         <listitem>
 778           <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
 779           about the given users</para>
 780           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
 781             <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
 782           </indexterm>
 783         </listitem>
 784       </varlistentry>
 785
 786       <varlistentry id="pr">
 787         <term><command>pr</command></term>
 788         <listitem>
 789           <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
 790           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
 791             <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
 792           </indexterm>
 793         </listitem>
 794       </varlistentry>
 795
 796       <varlistentry id="printenv">
 797         <term><command>printenv</command></term>
 798         <listitem>
 799           <para>Prints the environment</para>
 800           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
 801             <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
 802           </indexterm>
 803         </listitem>
 804       </varlistentry>
 805
 806       <varlistentry id="printf">
 807         <term><command>printf</command></term>
 808         <listitem>
 809           <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
 810           like the C printf function</para>
 811           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
 812             <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
 813           </indexterm>
 814         </listitem>
 815       </varlistentry>
 816
 817       <varlistentry id="ptx">
 818         <term><command>ptx</command></term>
 819         <listitem>
 820           <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
 821           with each keyword in its context</para>
 822           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
 823             <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
 824           </indexterm>
 825         </listitem>
 826       </varlistentry>
 827
 828       <varlistentry id="pwd">
 829         <term><command>pwd</command></term>
 830         <listitem>
 831           <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
 832           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
 833             <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
 834           </indexterm>
 835         </listitem>
 836       </varlistentry>
 837
 838       <varlistentry id="readlink">
 839         <term><command>readlink</command></term>
 840         <listitem>
 841           <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
 842           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
 843             <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
 844           </indexterm>
 845         </listitem>
 846       </varlistentry>
 847
 848       <varlistentry id="realpath">
 849         <term><command>realpath</command></term>
 850         <listitem>
 851           <para>Prints the resolved path</para>
 852           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils realpath">
 853             <primary sortas="b-realpath">realpath</primary>
 854           </indexterm>
 855         </listitem>
 856       </varlistentry>
 857
 858       <varlistentry id="rm">
 859         <term><command>rm</command></term>
 860         <listitem>
 861           <para>Removes files or directories</para>
 862           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
 863             <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
 864           </indexterm>
 865         </listitem>
 866       </varlistentry>
 867
 868       <varlistentry id="rmdir">
 869         <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
 870         <listitem>
 871           <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
 872           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
 873             <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
 874           </indexterm>
 875         </listitem>
 876       </varlistentry>
 877
 878       <varlistentry id="runcon">
 879         <term><command>runcon</command></term>
 880         <listitem>
 881           <para>Runs a command with specified security context</para>
 882           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils runcon">
 883             <primary sortas="b-runcon">runcon</primary>
 884           </indexterm>
 885         </listitem>
 886       </varlistentry>
 887
 888       <varlistentry id="seq">
 889         <term><command>seq</command></term>
 890         <listitem>
 891           <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
 892           given increment</para>
 893           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
 894             <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
 895           </indexterm>
 896         </listitem>
 897       </varlistentry>
 898
 899       <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
 900         <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
 901         <listitem>
 902           <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
 903           checksums</para>
 904           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
 905             <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
 906           </indexterm>
 907         </listitem>
 908       </varlistentry>
 909
 910       <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
 911         <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
 912         <listitem>
 913           <para>Prints or checks 224-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
 914           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
 915             <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
 916           </indexterm>
 917         </listitem>
 918       </varlistentry>
 919
 920       <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
 921         <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
 922         <listitem>
 923           <para>Prints or checks 256-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
 924           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
 925             <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
 926           </indexterm>
 927         </listitem>
 928       </varlistentry>
 929
 930       <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
 931         <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
 932         <listitem>
 933           <para>Prints or checks 384-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
 934           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
 935             <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
 936           </indexterm>
 937         </listitem>
 938       </varlistentry>
 939
 940       <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
 941         <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
 942         <listitem>
 943           <para>Prints or checks 512-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
 944           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
 945             <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
 946           </indexterm>
 947         </listitem>
 948       </varlistentry>
 949
 950       <varlistentry id="shred">
 951         <term><command>shred</command></term>
 952         <listitem>
 953           <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
 954           making it difficult to recover the data</para>
 955           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
 956             <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
 957           </indexterm>
 958         </listitem>
 959       </varlistentry>
 960
 961       <varlistentry id="shuf">
 962         <term><command>shuf</command></term>
 963         <listitem>
 964           <para>Shuffles lines of text</para>
 965           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
 966             <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
 967           </indexterm>
 968         </listitem>
 969       </varlistentry>
 970
 971       <varlistentry id="sleep">
 972         <term><command>sleep</command></term>
 973         <listitem>
 974           <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
 975           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
 976             <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
 977           </indexterm>
 978         </listitem>
 979       </varlistentry>
 980
 981       <varlistentry id="sort">
 982         <term><command>sort</command></term>
 983         <listitem>
 984           <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
 985           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
 986             <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
 987           </indexterm>
 988         </listitem>
 989       </varlistentry>
 990
 991       <varlistentry id="split">
 992         <term><command>split</command></term>
 993         <listitem>
 994           <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
 995           lines</para>
 996           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
 997             <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
 998           </indexterm>
 999         </listitem>
1000       </varlistentry>
1001
1002       <varlistentry id="stat">
1003         <term><command>stat</command></term>
1004         <listitem>
1005           <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
1006           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
1007             <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
1008           </indexterm>
1009         </listitem>
1010       </varlistentry>
1011
1012       <varlistentry id="stdbuf">
1013         <term><command>stdbuf</command></term>
1014         <listitem>
1015           <para>Runs commands with altered buffering operations for its standard
1016           streams</para>
1017           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stdbuf">
1018             <primary sortas="b-stdbuf">stdbuf</primary>
1019           </indexterm>
1020         </listitem>
1021       </varlistentry>
1022
1023       <varlistentry id="stty">
1024         <term><command>stty</command></term>
1025         <listitem>
1026           <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
1027           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
1028             <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
1029           </indexterm>
1030         </listitem>
1031       </varlistentry>
1032
1033       <varlistentry id="sum">
1034         <term><command>sum</command></term>
1035         <listitem>
1036           <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
1037           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
1038             <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
1039           </indexterm>
1040         </listitem>
1041       </varlistentry>
1042
1043       <varlistentry id="sync">
1044         <term><command>sync</command></term>
1045         <listitem>
1046           <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
1047           and updates the super block</para>
1048           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
1049             <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
1050           </indexterm>
1051         </listitem>
1052       </varlistentry>
1053
1054       <varlistentry id="tac">
1055         <term><command>tac</command></term>
1056         <listitem>
1057           <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
1058           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
1059             <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
1060           </indexterm>
1061         </listitem>
1062       </varlistentry>
1063
1064       <varlistentry id="tail">
1065         <term><command>tail</command></term>
1066         <listitem>
1067           <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
1068           given file</para>
1069           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
1070             <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
1071           </indexterm>
1072         </listitem>
1073       </varlistentry>
1074
1075       <varlistentry id="tee">
1076         <term><command>tee</command></term>
1077         <listitem>
1078           <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
1079           and to the given files</para>
1080           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
1081             <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
1082           </indexterm>
1083         </listitem>
1084       </varlistentry>
1085
1086       <varlistentry id="test">
1087         <term><command>test</command></term>
1088         <listitem>
1089           <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
1090           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
1091             <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
1092           </indexterm>
1093         </listitem>
1094       </varlistentry>
1095
1096       <varlistentry id="timeout">
1097         <term><command>timeout</command></term>
1098         <listitem>
1099           <para>Runs a command with a time limit</para>
1100           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils timeout">
1101             <primary sortas="b-timeout">timeout</primary>
1102           </indexterm>
1103         </listitem>
1104       </varlistentry>
1105
1106       <varlistentry id="touch">
1107         <term><command>touch</command></term>
1108         <listitem>
1109           <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
1110           times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
1111           are created with zero length</para>
1112           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
1113             <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
1114           </indexterm>
1115         </listitem>
1116       </varlistentry>
1117
1118       <varlistentry id="tr">
1119         <term><command>tr</command></term>
1120         <listitem>
1121           <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
1122           standard input</para>
1123           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
1124             <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
1125           </indexterm>
1126         </listitem>
1127       </varlistentry>
1128
1129       <varlistentry id="true">
1130         <term><command>true</command></term>
1131         <listitem>
1132           <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
1133           indicating success</para>
1134           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
1135             <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
1136           </indexterm>
1137         </listitem>
1138       </varlistentry>
1139
1140       <varlistentry id="truncate">
1141         <term><command>truncate</command></term>
1142         <listitem>
1143           <para>Shrinks or expands a file to the specified size</para>
1144           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils truncate">
1145             <primary sortas="b-truncate">truncate</primary>
1146           </indexterm>
1147         </listitem>
1148       </varlistentry>
1149
1150       <varlistentry id="tsort">
1151         <term><command>tsort</command></term>
1152         <listitem>
1153           <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
1154           according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
1155           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
1156             <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
1157           </indexterm>
1158         </listitem>
1159       </varlistentry>
1160
1161       <varlistentry id="tty">
1162         <term><command>tty</command></term>
1163         <listitem>
1164           <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
1165           input</para>
1166           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
1167             <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
1168           </indexterm>
1169         </listitem>
1170       </varlistentry>
1171
1172       <varlistentry id="uname">
1173         <term><command>uname</command></term>
1174         <listitem>
1175           <para>Reports system information</para>
1176           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
1177             <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
1178           </indexterm>
1179         </listitem>
1180       </varlistentry>
1181
1182       <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1183         <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1184         <listitem>
1185           <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1186           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1187             <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1188           </indexterm>
1189         </listitem>
1190       </varlistentry>
1191
1192       <varlistentry id="uniq">
1193         <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1194         <listitem>
1195           <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1196           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1197             <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1198           </indexterm>
1199         </listitem>
1200       </varlistentry>
1201
1202       <varlistentry id="unlink">
1203         <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1204         <listitem>
1205           <para>Removes the given file</para>
1206           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1207             <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1208           </indexterm>
1209         </listitem>
1210       </varlistentry>
1211
1212       <varlistentry id="users">
1213         <term><command>users</command></term>
1214         <listitem>
1215           <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1216           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1217             <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1218           </indexterm>
1219         </listitem>
1220       </varlistentry>
1221
1222       <varlistentry id="vdir">
1223         <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1224         <listitem>
1225           <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1226           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1227             <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1228           </indexterm>
1229         </listitem>
1230       </varlistentry>
1231
1232       <varlistentry id="wc">
1233         <term><command>wc</command></term>
1234         <listitem>
1235           <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1236           file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1237           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1238             <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1239           </indexterm>
1240         </listitem>
1241       </varlistentry>
1242
1243       <varlistentry id="who">
1244         <term><command>who</command></term>
1245         <listitem>
1246           <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1247           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1248             <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1249           </indexterm>
1250         </listitem>
1251       </varlistentry>
1252
1253       <varlistentry id="whoami">
1254         <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1255         <listitem>
1256           <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1257           user ID</para>
1258           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1259             <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1260           </indexterm>
1261         </listitem>
1262       </varlistentry>
1263
1264       <varlistentry id="yes">
1265         <term><command>yes</command></term>
1266         <listitem>
1267           <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1268           killed</para>
1269           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1270             <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1271           </indexterm>
1272         </listitem>
1273       </varlistentry>
1274
1275       <varlistentry id="libstdbuf">
1276         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdbuf</filename></term>
1277         <listitem>
1278           <para>Library used by <command>stdbuf</command></para>
1279           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils libstdbuf">
1280             <primary sortas="c-libstdbuf">libstdbuf</primary>
1281           </indexterm>
1282         </listitem>
1283       </varlistentry>
1284
1285     </variablelist>
1286
1287   </sect2>
1288
1289 </sect1>