chapter06/coreutils.xml

   1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
   2 <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
   3   "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
   4   <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
   5   %general-entities;
   6 ]>
   7
   8 <sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
   9   <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
  10
  11   <sect1info condition="script">
  12     <productname>coreutils</productname>
  13     <productnumber>&coreutils-version;</productnumber>
  14     <address>&coreutils-url;</address>
  15   </sect1info>
  16
  17   <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
  18
  19   <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
  20     <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
  21   </indexterm>
  22
  23   <sect2 role="package">
  24     <title/>
  25
  26     <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
  27     basic system characteristics.</para>
  28
  29     <segmentedlist>
  30       <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
  31       <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
  32
  33       <seglistitem>
  34         <seg>&coreutils-ch6-sbu;</seg>
  35         <seg>&coreutils-ch6-du;</seg>
  36       </seglistitem>
  37     </segmentedlist>
  38
  39   </sect2>
  40
  41   <sect2 role="installation">
  42     <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
  43 <!--
  44     <para>First, fix a segfault in <command>shuf</command> program:</para>
  45
  46 <screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-shuf-segfault-patch;</userinput></screen>
  47 -->
  48
  49     <para>POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character
  50     boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch fixes
  51     this non-compliance and other internationalization-related bugs.
  52     <!--Afterwards make sure the timestamp for <filename>Makefile.in</filename> is
  53     later than all other files to prevent a <command>make</command>
  54     error:</para>-->
  55     Afterwards disable a test that fails with the current version of perl.</para>
  56
  57 <screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch;
  58 sed -i '/tests\/misc\/sort.pl/ d' Makefile.in</userinput></screen>
  59
  60 <!--touch Makefile.in</userinput></screen>-->
  61
  62     <note>
  63       <para>In the past, many bugs were found in this patch. When reporting new
  64       bugs to Coreutils maintainers, please check first if they are reproducible
  65       without this patch.</para>
  66     </note>
  67
  68     <para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
  69
  70 <screen><userinput remap="configure">FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 ./configure \
  71             --prefix=/usr            \
  72             --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</userinput></screen>
  73
  74     <variablelist>
  75       <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
  76
  77       <varlistentry>
  78         <term><envar>FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1</envar></term>
  79         <listitem>
  80           <para>This environment variable allows the package to be
  81           built as the root user.
  82           </para>
  83         </listitem>
  84       </varlistentry>
  85
  86       <varlistentry>
  87         <term><parameter>--enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</parameter></term>
  88         <listitem>
  89           <para>The purpose of this switch is to prevent Coreutils from
  90           installing binaries that will be installed by other packages later.
  91           </para>
  92         </listitem>
  93       </varlistentry>
  94     </variablelist>
  95
  96     <para>Compile the package:</para>
  97
  98 <screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
  99
 100     <para>Skip down to <quote>Install the
 101     package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
 102
 103     <para>Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run the tests that are
 104     meant to be run as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
 105
 106 <screen><userinput remap="test">make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=nobody check-root</userinput></screen>
 107
 108     <para>We're going to run the remainder of the tests as the
 109     <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> user. Certain tests,
 110     however, require that the user be a member of more than one group. So that
 111     these tests are not skipped we'll add a temporary group and make the
 112     user <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> a part of it:</para>
 113
 114 <screen><userinput remap="test">echo "dummy:x:1000:nobody" &gt;&gt; /etc/group</userinput></screen>
 115
 116     <para>Fix some of the permissions so that the non-root user can compile and
 117     run the tests:</para>
 118
 119 <screen><userinput remap="test">chown -Rv nobody . </userinput></screen>
 120
 121     <para>Now run the tests. Make sure the PATH in the <userinput>su</userinput>
 122     environment includes /tools/bin.</para>
 123
 124 <screen><userinput remap="test">su nobody -s /bin/bash \
 125           -c "PATH=$PATH make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
 126
 127     <para>The stty-pairs test is known to fail on a virtual console, but
 128     passes if run in a X terminal.</para>
 129
 130     <para>Remove the temporary group:</para>
 131
 132 <screen><userinput remap="test">sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/group</userinput></screen>
 133
 134     <para>Install the package:</para>
 135
 136 <screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
 137
 138     <para>Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
 139
 140 <screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin
 141 mv -v /usr/bin/{false,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,rm} /bin
 142 mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname} /bin
 143 mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin
 144 mv -v /usr/share/man/man1/chroot.1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8
 145 sed -i s/\"1\"/\"8\"/1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8</userinput></screen>
 146
 147     <para>Some packages in BLFS and beyond expect the following
 148     programs in <filename class="directory">/bin</filename>, so
 149     make sure they are placed there:</para>
 150
 151 <screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{head,sleep,nice,test,[} /bin</userinput></screen>
 152
 153   </sect2>
 154
 155   <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
 156     <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
 157
 158     <segmentedlist>
 159       <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
 160       <segtitle>Installed library</segtitle>
 161       <segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle>
 162
 163       <seglistitem>
 164         <seg>[, base64, basename, cat, chcon, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, cksum,
 165         comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du, echo,
 166         env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head, hostid,
 167         id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum, mkdir, mkfifo, mknod,
 168         mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, nproc, numfmt, od, paste, pathchk, pinky, pr,
 169         printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, realpath, rm, rmdir, runcon, seq,
 170         sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum, sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep,
 171         sort, split, stat, stdbuf, stty, sum, sync, tac, tail, tee, test,
 172         timeout, touch, tr, true, truncate, tsort, tty, uname, unexpand, uniq,
 173         unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and yes</seg>
 174         <seg>libstdbuf.so</seg>
 175         <seg>/usr/libexec/coreutils</seg>
 176       </seglistitem>
 177     </segmentedlist>
 178
 179     <variablelist>
 180       <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
 181       <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
 182       <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 183
 184       <varlistentry id="base64">
 185         <term><command>base64</command></term>
 186         <listitem>
 187           <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base64 (RFC 3548)
 188             specification</para>
 189           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
 190             <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
 191           </indexterm>
 192         </listitem>
 193       </varlistentry>
 194
 195       <varlistentry id="basename">
 196         <term><command>basename</command></term>
 197         <listitem>
 198           <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
 199           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
 200             <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
 201           </indexterm>
 202         </listitem>
 203       </varlistentry>
 204
 205       <varlistentry id="cat">
 206         <term><command>cat</command></term>
 207         <listitem>
 208           <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
 209           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
 210             <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
 211           </indexterm>
 212         </listitem>
 213       </varlistentry>
 214
 215       <varlistentry id="chcon">
 216         <term><command>chcon</command></term>
 217         <listitem>
 218           <para>Changes security context for files and directories</para>
 219           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chcon">
 220             <primary sortas="b-chcon">chcon</primary>
 221           </indexterm>
 222         </listitem>
 223       </varlistentry>
 224
 225       <varlistentry id="chgrp">
 226         <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
 227         <listitem>
 228           <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
 229           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
 230             <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
 231           </indexterm>
 232         </listitem>
 233       </varlistentry>
 234
 235       <varlistentry id="chmod">
 236         <term><command>chmod</command></term>
 237         <listitem>
 238           <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
 239           can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
 240           octal number representing the new permissions</para>
 241           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
 242             <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
 243           </indexterm>
 244         </listitem>
 245       </varlistentry>
 246
 247       <varlistentry id="chown">
 248         <term><command>chown</command></term>
 249         <listitem>
 250           <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
 251           directories</para>
 252           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
 253             <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
 254           </indexterm>
 255         </listitem>
 256       </varlistentry>
 257
 258       <varlistentry id="chroot">
 259         <term><command>chroot</command></term>
 260         <listitem>
 261           <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
 262           <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
 263           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
 264             <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
 265           </indexterm>
 266         </listitem>
 267       </varlistentry>
 268
 269       <varlistentry id="cksum">
 270         <term><command>cksum</command></term>
 271         <listitem>
 272           <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
 273           counts of each specified file</para>
 274           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
 275             <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
 276           </indexterm>
 277         </listitem>
 278       </varlistentry>
 279
 280       <varlistentry id="comm">
 281         <term><command>comm</command></term>
 282         <listitem>
 283           <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
 284           that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
 285           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
 286             <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
 287           </indexterm>
 288         </listitem>
 289       </varlistentry>
 290
 291       <varlistentry id="cp">
 292         <term><command>cp</command></term>
 293         <listitem>
 294           <para>Copies files</para>
 295           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
 296             <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
 297           </indexterm>
 298         </listitem>
 299       </varlistentry>
 300
 301       <varlistentry id="csplit">
 302         <term><command>csplit</command></term>
 303         <listitem>
 304           <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
 305           according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
 306           count of each new file</para>
 307           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
 308             <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
 309           </indexterm>
 310         </listitem>
 311       </varlistentry>
 312
 313       <varlistentry id="cut">
 314         <term><command>cut</command></term>
 315         <listitem>
 316           <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
 317           fields or positions</para>
 318           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
 319             <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
 320           </indexterm>
 321         </listitem>
 322       </varlistentry>
 323
 324       <varlistentry id="date">
 325         <term><command>date</command></term>
 326         <listitem>
 327           <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
 328           system date</para>
 329           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
 330             <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
 331           </indexterm>
 332         </listitem>
 333       </varlistentry>
 334
 335       <varlistentry id="dd">
 336         <term><command>dd</command> </term>
 337         <listitem>
 338           <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
 339           optionally performing conversions on it</para>
 340           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
 341             <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
 342           </indexterm>
 343         </listitem>
 344       </varlistentry>
 345
 346       <varlistentry id="df">
 347         <term><command>df</command></term>
 348         <listitem>
 349           <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
 350           mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
 351           files</para>
 352           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
 353             <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
 354           </indexterm>
 355         </listitem>
 356       </varlistentry>
 357
 358       <varlistentry id="dir">
 359         <term><command>dir</command></term>
 360         <listitem>
 361           <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
 362           the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
 363           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
 364             <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
 365           </indexterm>
 366         </listitem>
 367       </varlistentry>
 368
 369       <varlistentry id="dircolors">
 370         <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
 371         <listitem>
 372           <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
 373           environment variable to change the color scheme used by
 374           <command>ls</command></para>
 375           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
 376             <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
 377           </indexterm>
 378         </listitem>
 379       </varlistentry>
 380
 381       <varlistentry id="dirname">
 382         <term><command>dirname</command></term>
 383         <listitem>
 384           <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
 385           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
 386             <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
 387           </indexterm>
 388         </listitem>
 389       </varlistentry>
 390
 391       <varlistentry id="du">
 392         <term><command>du</command></term>
 393         <listitem>
 394           <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
 395           by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
 396           each of the given files</para>
 397           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
 398             <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
 399           </indexterm>
 400         </listitem>
 401       </varlistentry>
 402
 403       <varlistentry id="echo">
 404         <term><command>echo</command></term>
 405         <listitem>
 406           <para>Displays the given strings</para>
 407           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
 408             <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
 409           </indexterm>
 410         </listitem>
 411       </varlistentry>
 412
 413       <varlistentry id="env">
 414         <term><command>env</command></term>
 415         <listitem>
 416           <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
 417           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
 418             <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
 419           </indexterm>
 420         </listitem>
 421       </varlistentry>
 422
 423       <varlistentry id="expand">
 424         <term><command>expand</command></term>
 425         <listitem>
 426           <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
 427           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
 428             <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
 429           </indexterm>
 430         </listitem>
 431       </varlistentry>
 432
 433       <varlistentry id="expr">
 434         <term><command>expr</command></term>
 435         <listitem>
 436           <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
 437           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
 438             <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
 439           </indexterm>
 440         </listitem>
 441       </varlistentry>
 442
 443       <varlistentry id="factor">
 444         <term><command>factor</command></term>
 445         <listitem>
 446           <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
 447           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
 448             <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
 449           </indexterm>
 450         </listitem>
 451       </varlistentry>
 452
 453       <varlistentry id="false">
 454         <term><command>false</command></term>
 455         <listitem>
 456           <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
 457           indicating failure</para>
 458           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
 459             <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
 460           </indexterm>
 461         </listitem>
 462       </varlistentry>
 463
 464       <varlistentry id="fmt">
 465         <term><command>fmt</command></term>
 466         <listitem>
 467           <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
 468           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
 469             <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
 470           </indexterm>
 471         </listitem>
 472       </varlistentry>
 473
 474       <varlistentry id="fold">
 475         <term><command>fold</command></term>
 476         <listitem>
 477           <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
 478           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
 479             <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
 480           </indexterm>
 481         </listitem>
 482       </varlistentry>
 483
 484       <varlistentry id="groups">
 485         <term><command>groups</command></term>
 486         <listitem>
 487           <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
 488           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
 489             <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
 490           </indexterm>
 491         </listitem>
 492       </varlistentry>
 493
 494       <varlistentry id="head">
 495         <term><command>head</command></term>
 496         <listitem>
 497           <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
 498           of each given file</para>
 499           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
 500             <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
 501           </indexterm>
 502         </listitem>
 503       </varlistentry>
 504
 505       <varlistentry id="hostid">
 506         <term><command>hostid</command></term>
 507         <listitem>
 508           <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
 509           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
 510             <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
 511           </indexterm>
 512         </listitem>
 513       </varlistentry>
 514
 515       <varlistentry id="id">
 516         <term><command>id</command></term>
 517         <listitem>
 518           <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
 519           of the current user or specified user</para>
 520           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
 521             <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
 522           </indexterm>
 523         </listitem>
 524       </varlistentry>
 525
 526       <varlistentry id="install">
 527         <term><command>install</command> </term>
 528         <listitem>
 529           <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
 530           possible, their owner and group</para>
 531           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
 532             <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
 533           </indexterm>
 534         </listitem>
 535       </varlistentry>
 536
 537       <varlistentry id="join">
 538         <term><command>join</command></term>
 539         <listitem>
 540           <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
 541           separate files</para>
 542           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
 543             <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
 544           </indexterm>
 545         </listitem>
 546       </varlistentry>
 547
 548       <varlistentry id="link">
 549         <term><command>link</command></term>
 550         <listitem>
 551           <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
 552           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
 553             <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
 554           </indexterm>
 555         </listitem>
 556       </varlistentry>
 557
 558       <varlistentry id="ln">
 559         <term><command>ln</command></term>
 560         <listitem>
 561           <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
 562           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
 563             <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
 564           </indexterm>
 565         </listitem>
 566       </varlistentry>
 567
 568       <varlistentry id="logname">
 569         <term><command>logname</command></term>
 570         <listitem>
 571           <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
 572           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
 573             <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
 574           </indexterm>
 575         </listitem>
 576       </varlistentry>
 577
 578       <varlistentry id="ls">
 579         <term><command>ls</command></term>
 580         <listitem>
 581           <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
 582           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
 583             <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
 584           </indexterm>
 585         </listitem>
 586       </varlistentry>
 587
 588       <varlistentry id="md5sum">
 589         <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
 590         <listitem>
 591           <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
 592           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
 593             <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
 594           </indexterm>
 595         </listitem>
 596       </varlistentry>
 597
 598       <varlistentry id="mkdir">
 599         <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
 600         <listitem>
 601           <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
 602           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
 603             <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
 604           </indexterm>
 605         </listitem>
 606       </varlistentry>
 607
 608       <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
 609         <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
 610         <listitem>
 611           <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a "named
 612           pipe" in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
 613           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
 614             <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
 615           </indexterm>
 616         </listitem>
 617       </varlistentry>
 618
 619       <varlistentry id="mknod">
 620         <term><command>mknod</command></term>
 621         <listitem>
 622           <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
 623           character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
 624           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
 625             <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
 626           </indexterm>
 627         </listitem>
 628       </varlistentry>
 629
 630       <varlistentry id="mktemp">
 631         <term><command>mktemp</command></term>
 632         <listitem>
 633           <para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in scripts</para>
 634         <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp">
 635           <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary>
 636         </indexterm>
 637        </listitem>
 638      </varlistentry>
 639
 640       <varlistentry id="mv">
 641         <term><command>mv</command></term>
 642         <listitem>
 643           <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
 644           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
 645             <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
 646           </indexterm>
 647         </listitem>
 648       </varlistentry>
 649
 650       <varlistentry id="nice">
 651         <term><command>nice</command></term>
 652         <listitem>
 653           <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
 654           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
 655             <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
 656           </indexterm>
 657         </listitem>
 658       </varlistentry>
 659
 660       <varlistentry id="nl">
 661         <term><command>nl</command></term>
 662         <listitem>
 663           <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
 664           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
 665             <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
 666           </indexterm>
 667         </listitem>
 668       </varlistentry>
 669
 670       <varlistentry id="nohup">
 671         <term><command>nohup</command></term>
 672         <listitem>
 673           <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
 674           a log file</para>
 675           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
 676             <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
 677           </indexterm>
 678         </listitem>
 679       </varlistentry>
 680
 681       <varlistentry id="nproc">
 682         <term><command>nproc</command></term>
 683         <listitem>
 684           <para>Prints the number of processing units available to a
 685           process</para>
 686           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nproc">
 687             <primary sortas="b-nproc">nproc</primary>
 688           </indexterm>
 689         </listitem>
 690       </varlistentry>
 691
 692       <varlistentry id="numfmt">
 693         <term><command>numfmt</command></term>
 694         <listitem>
 695           <para>Converts numbers to or from human-readable strings</para>
 696           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils numfmt">
 697             <primary sortas="b-numfmt">numfmt</primary>
 698           </indexterm>
 699         </listitem>
 700       </varlistentry>
 701
 702       <varlistentry id="od">
 703         <term><command>od</command></term>
 704         <listitem>
 705           <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
 706           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
 707             <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
 708           </indexterm>
 709         </listitem>
 710       </varlistentry>
 711
 712       <varlistentry id="paste">
 713         <term><command>paste</command></term>
 714         <listitem>
 715           <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
 716           side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
 717           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
 718             <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
 719           </indexterm>
 720         </listitem>
 721       </varlistentry>
 722
 723       <varlistentry id="pathchk">
 724         <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
 725         <listitem>
 726           <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
 727           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
 728             <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
 729           </indexterm>
 730         </listitem>
 731       </varlistentry>
 732
 733       <varlistentry id="pinky">
 734         <term><command>pinky</command></term>
 735         <listitem>
 736           <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
 737           about the given users</para>
 738           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
 739             <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
 740           </indexterm>
 741         </listitem>
 742       </varlistentry>
 743
 744       <varlistentry id="pr">
 745         <term><command>pr</command></term>
 746         <listitem>
 747           <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
 748           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
 749             <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
 750           </indexterm>
 751         </listitem>
 752       </varlistentry>
 753
 754       <varlistentry id="printenv">
 755         <term><command>printenv</command></term>
 756         <listitem>
 757           <para>Prints the environment</para>
 758           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
 759             <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
 760           </indexterm>
 761         </listitem>
 762       </varlistentry>
 763
 764       <varlistentry id="printf">
 765         <term><command>printf</command></term>
 766         <listitem>
 767           <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
 768           like the C printf function</para>
 769           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
 770             <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
 771           </indexterm>
 772         </listitem>
 773       </varlistentry>
 774
 775       <varlistentry id="ptx">
 776         <term><command>ptx</command></term>
 777         <listitem>
 778           <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
 779           with each keyword in its context</para>
 780           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
 781             <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
 782           </indexterm>
 783         </listitem>
 784       </varlistentry>
 785
 786       <varlistentry id="pwd">
 787         <term><command>pwd</command></term>
 788         <listitem>
 789           <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
 790           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
 791             <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
 792           </indexterm>
 793         </listitem>
 794       </varlistentry>
 795
 796       <varlistentry id="readlink">
 797         <term><command>readlink</command></term>
 798         <listitem>
 799           <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
 800           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
 801             <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
 802           </indexterm>
 803         </listitem>
 804       </varlistentry>
 805
 806       <varlistentry id="realpath">
 807         <term><command>realpath</command></term>
 808         <listitem>
 809           <para>Prints the resolved path</para>
 810           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils realpath">
 811             <primary sortas="b-realpath">realpath</primary>
 812           </indexterm>
 813         </listitem>
 814       </varlistentry>
 815
 816       <varlistentry id="rm">
 817         <term><command>rm</command></term>
 818         <listitem>
 819           <para>Removes files or directories</para>
 820           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
 821             <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
 822           </indexterm>
 823         </listitem>
 824       </varlistentry>
 825
 826       <varlistentry id="rmdir">
 827         <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
 828         <listitem>
 829           <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
 830           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
 831             <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
 832           </indexterm>
 833         </listitem>
 834       </varlistentry>
 835
 836       <varlistentry id="runcon">
 837         <term><command>runcon</command></term>
 838         <listitem>
 839           <para>Runs a command with specified security context</para>
 840           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils runcon">
 841             <primary sortas="b-runcon">runcon</primary>
 842           </indexterm>
 843         </listitem>
 844       </varlistentry>
 845
 846       <varlistentry id="seq">
 847         <term><command>seq</command></term>
 848         <listitem>
 849           <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
 850           given increment</para>
 851           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
 852             <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
 853           </indexterm>
 854         </listitem>
 855       </varlistentry>
 856
 857       <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
 858         <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
 859         <listitem>
 860           <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
 861           checksums</para>
 862           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
 863             <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
 864           </indexterm>
 865         </listitem>
 866       </varlistentry>
 867
 868       <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
 869         <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
 870         <listitem>
 871           <para>Prints or checks 224-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
 872           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
 873             <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
 874           </indexterm>
 875         </listitem>
 876       </varlistentry>
 877
 878       <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
 879         <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
 880         <listitem>
 881           <para>Prints or checks 256-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
 882           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
 883             <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
 884           </indexterm>
 885         </listitem>
 886       </varlistentry>
 887
 888       <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
 889         <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
 890         <listitem>
 891           <para>Prints or checks 384-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
 892           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
 893             <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
 894           </indexterm>
 895         </listitem>
 896       </varlistentry>
 897
 898       <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
 899         <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
 900         <listitem>
 901           <para>Prints or checks 512-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
 902           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
 903             <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
 904           </indexterm>
 905         </listitem>
 906       </varlistentry>
 907
 908       <varlistentry id="shred">
 909         <term><command>shred</command></term>
 910         <listitem>
 911           <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
 912           making it difficult to recover the data</para>
 913           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
 914             <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
 915           </indexterm>
 916         </listitem>
 917       </varlistentry>
 918
 919       <varlistentry id="shuf">
 920         <term><command>shuf</command></term>
 921         <listitem>
 922           <para>Shuffles lines of text</para>
 923           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
 924             <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
 925           </indexterm>
 926         </listitem>
 927       </varlistentry>
 928
 929       <varlistentry id="sleep">
 930         <term><command>sleep</command></term>
 931         <listitem>
 932           <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
 933           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
 934             <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
 935           </indexterm>
 936         </listitem>
 937       </varlistentry>
 938
 939       <varlistentry id="sort">
 940         <term><command>sort</command></term>
 941         <listitem>
 942           <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
 943           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
 944             <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
 945           </indexterm>
 946         </listitem>
 947       </varlistentry>
 948
 949       <varlistentry id="split">
 950         <term><command>split</command></term>
 951         <listitem>
 952           <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
 953           lines</para>
 954           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
 955             <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
 956           </indexterm>
 957         </listitem>
 958       </varlistentry>
 959
 960       <varlistentry id="stat">
 961         <term><command>stat</command></term>
 962         <listitem>
 963           <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
 964           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
 965             <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
 966           </indexterm>
 967         </listitem>
 968       </varlistentry>
 969
 970       <varlistentry id="stdbuf">
 971         <term><command>stdbuf</command></term>
 972         <listitem>
 973           <para>Runs commands with altered buffering operations for its standard
 974           streams</para>
 975           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stdbuf">
 976             <primary sortas="b-stdbuf">stdbuf</primary>
 977           </indexterm>
 978         </listitem>
 979       </varlistentry>
 980
 981       <varlistentry id="stty">
 982         <term><command>stty</command></term>
 983         <listitem>
 984           <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
 985           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
 986             <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
 987           </indexterm>
 988         </listitem>
 989       </varlistentry>
 990
 991       <varlistentry id="sum">
 992         <term><command>sum</command></term>
 993         <listitem>
 994           <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
 995           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
 996             <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
 997           </indexterm>
 998         </listitem>
 999       </varlistentry>
1000
1001       <varlistentry id="sync">
1002         <term><command>sync</command></term>
1003         <listitem>
1004           <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
1005           and updates the super block</para>
1006           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
1007             <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
1008           </indexterm>
1009         </listitem>
1010       </varlistentry>
1011
1012       <varlistentry id="tac">
1013         <term><command>tac</command></term>
1014         <listitem>
1015           <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
1016           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
1017             <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
1018           </indexterm>
1019         </listitem>
1020       </varlistentry>
1021
1022       <varlistentry id="tail">
1023         <term><command>tail</command></term>
1024         <listitem>
1025           <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
1026           given file</para>
1027           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
1028             <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
1029           </indexterm>
1030         </listitem>
1031       </varlistentry>
1032
1033       <varlistentry id="tee">
1034         <term><command>tee</command></term>
1035         <listitem>
1036           <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
1037           and to the given files</para>
1038           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
1039             <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
1040           </indexterm>
1041         </listitem>
1042       </varlistentry>
1043
1044       <varlistentry id="test">
1045         <term><command>test</command></term>
1046         <listitem>
1047           <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
1048           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
1049             <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
1050           </indexterm>
1051         </listitem>
1052       </varlistentry>
1053
1054       <varlistentry id="timeout">
1055         <term><command>timeout</command></term>
1056         <listitem>
1057           <para>Runs a command with a time limit</para>
1058           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils timeout">
1059             <primary sortas="b-timeout">timeout</primary>
1060           </indexterm>
1061         </listitem>
1062       </varlistentry>
1063
1064       <varlistentry id="touch">
1065         <term><command>touch</command></term>
1066         <listitem>
1067           <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
1068           times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
1069           are created with zero length</para>
1070           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
1071             <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
1072           </indexterm>
1073         </listitem>
1074       </varlistentry>
1075
1076       <varlistentry id="tr">
1077         <term><command>tr</command></term>
1078         <listitem>
1079           <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
1080           standard input</para>
1081           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
1082             <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
1083           </indexterm>
1084         </listitem>
1085       </varlistentry>
1086
1087       <varlistentry id="true">
1088         <term><command>true</command></term>
1089         <listitem>
1090           <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
1091           indicating success</para>
1092           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
1093             <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
1094           </indexterm>
1095         </listitem>
1096       </varlistentry>
1097
1098       <varlistentry id="truncate">
1099         <term><command>truncate</command></term>
1100         <listitem>
1101           <para>Shrinks or expands a file to the specified size</para>
1102           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils truncate">
1103             <primary sortas="b-truncate">truncate</primary>
1104           </indexterm>
1105         </listitem>
1106       </varlistentry>
1107
1108       <varlistentry id="tsort">
1109         <term><command>tsort</command></term>
1110         <listitem>
1111           <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
1112           according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
1113           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
1114             <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
1115           </indexterm>
1116         </listitem>
1117       </varlistentry>
1118
1119       <varlistentry id="tty">
1120         <term><command>tty</command></term>
1121         <listitem>
1122           <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
1123           input</para>
1124           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
1125             <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
1126           </indexterm>
1127         </listitem>
1128       </varlistentry>
1129
1130       <varlistentry id="uname">
1131         <term><command>uname</command></term>
1132         <listitem>
1133           <para>Reports system information</para>
1134           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
1135             <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
1136           </indexterm>
1137         </listitem>
1138       </varlistentry>
1139
1140       <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1141         <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1142         <listitem>
1143           <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1144           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1145             <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1146           </indexterm>
1147         </listitem>
1148       </varlistentry>
1149
1150       <varlistentry id="uniq">
1151         <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1152         <listitem>
1153           <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1154           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1155             <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1156           </indexterm>
1157         </listitem>
1158       </varlistentry>
1159
1160       <varlistentry id="unlink">
1161         <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1162         <listitem>
1163           <para>Removes the given file</para>
1164           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1165             <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1166           </indexterm>
1167         </listitem>
1168       </varlistentry>
1169
1170       <varlistentry id="users">
1171         <term><command>users</command></term>
1172         <listitem>
1173           <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1174           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1175             <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1176           </indexterm>
1177         </listitem>
1178       </varlistentry>
1179
1180       <varlistentry id="vdir">
1181         <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1182         <listitem>
1183           <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1184           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1185             <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1186           </indexterm>
1187         </listitem>
1188       </varlistentry>
1189
1190       <varlistentry id="wc">
1191         <term><command>wc</command></term>
1192         <listitem>
1193           <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1194           file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1195           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1196             <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1197           </indexterm>
1198         </listitem>
1199       </varlistentry>
1200
1201       <varlistentry id="who">
1202         <term><command>who</command></term>
1203         <listitem>
1204           <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1205           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1206             <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1207           </indexterm>
1208         </listitem>
1209       </varlistentry>
1210
1211       <varlistentry id="whoami">
1212         <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1213         <listitem>
1214           <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1215           user ID</para>
1216           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1217             <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1218           </indexterm>
1219         </listitem>
1220       </varlistentry>
1221
1222       <varlistentry id="yes">
1223         <term><command>yes</command></term>
1224         <listitem>
1225           <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1226           killed</para>
1227           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1228             <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1229           </indexterm>
1230         </listitem>
1231       </varlistentry>
1232
1233       <varlistentry id="libstdbuf">
1234         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdbuf</filename></term>
1235         <listitem>
1236           <para>Library used by <command>stdbuf</command></para>
1237           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils libstdbuf">
1238             <primary sortas="c-libstdbuf">libstdbuf</primary>
1239           </indexterm>
1240         </listitem>
1241       </varlistentry>
1242
1243     </variablelist>
1244
1245   </sect2>
1246
1247 </sect1>