3 AUTHOR: Max Schattauer <smax@smaximum.de>
6 What to do next when you finished the LFS-Book
9 HINT ver 1.3 13/02/2001
11 THIS HINT IS IN THE PROCESS OF BEING WRITTEN. IT IS NOT COMPLETE.
12 IF YOU HAVE ANY SUGGESTIONS, CORRECTIONS AND OTHER COMMENTS FEEL FREE
22 3. Setting up a workstation
23 4. Setting up a server
31 Here we are in confusion, your LFS system is booting and you see the login
32 prompt (if not, you maybe should consult some other docs ;) ). Now you are
33 probably asking what to do next. If this is your first contact with linux, you
34 should read the newbie hint. It covers the absolute linux basics, so I skip them
35 here. What we will cover here are general hints on what is needed to actually
36 GET WORK DONE with your system.
40 The next steps depend on what you plan to do with your new system. Depending on
41 wether you intend your system to act as a server or a workstation, you'll
42 probably want to install X or not, or you want to install additional hardware.
43 Maybe you wanted to switch from Windows to Linux and don't know which software
44 is needed to work on the same way.
49 For general Linux-related material there are a lot of good information sites,
50 http://www.linuxdoc.org being the first. For more LFS-specific help there are
51 the sources described here.
55 The hints are probably the best starting point for a certain problem. Since
56 they deal with problems on LFS-machines, you might have a good chance that
57 exactly your problem is described here. By the way, if you solve a problem
58 on your own, feel free to write one, too 8).
60 2.2 Searching Mailinglist
62 Next there is the Mailinglist. It is full with problems and solutions on
63 even the oddest topic, but, by its nature, not sorted. The best thing to is
64 to use the search-engine on the LFS-site. I myself solved many problems that
65 way, so give it a shot.
67 2.3 Filling the Mailinglist
69 If you don't find anything, write a mail to the mailinglist. There are a
70 lot of people who most certainly can help you with your troubles, but please
71 remember that these people do not want to answer the same questions all the
72 time, so please have a look if your problem has not been discussed before.
76 There is an irc-server running at irc.linuxfromscratch.org, channel #lfs.
77 Feel free to join. Well, lfs is not the topic all the time, but you might
78 want to give it a try.
81 3. Setting up a workstation
82 ===========================
87 Some people are in dFire need of the mouse, even before they run X. "Real men
88 use the keyboard!" (Just read somewhere in a mailinglist =) ). The tool you want
89 to go for is called gpm and is described in the gpm-hint.
94 If you want to use your box as workstation for tasks like reading/writing mail,
95 chatting, playing mp3s you probably want to get a graphical user interface, gui.
96 The gui is an add-on for the console, but it doesn't replace it, keep that in
97 mind. On Unix systems, there is the X-Window-system. Here is a difference to
98 what you might be used from windows. The Unix gui consists of two parts, the
99 X-server itself and some sort of Window-manager/Desktop-Environment.
101 3.3 Window managers / Desktop Environments
102 ==========================================
104 Follow the X11 hint on how to compile the X server on your system. Then deceide
105 which window-manager you want to use. X11 comes with twm, which is probably not
106 what you think a gui was ;). So you probably want a windowmanager that offers a
107 little more options. KDE2 and Gnome are pretty popular desktop environments, or,
108 if you are low on system resources, you might want want to try xfce or
109 Window Maker, which are smaller but yet useful and fast.
110 Finally, if you want the multimedia overkill, try out enlightenment which makes
111 the whole screen dance, but consumes more system resources and needs several
113 There a whole lot more, and it's merely a matter of what suits you better.
115 All those can be found at the respective .org or at freshmeat.net
120 So now whe have that done, we have a fully functional gui. Nice, isn't it? Next
121 we need some Applications. The Desktop Environments already come with a bunch of
122 those along the way, but lets have a look at it anyway.
127 vi gets REAL fast when you know more than 50 commands. If that's nothing for you
128 try out, FTE, joe or ZED. There are countless others.
133 That might be a major issue. In my opinion, Microsoft has a an advantage
134 here, Linux is somewhat lacking a killer-browser, but let's discuss that at
135 http://freshmeat.net/articles/view/199/. So let's go with Netscape for the
136 moment, since Mozilla is really too bloated right now. I'll stick to the
137 4.74 version, still available at www.netscape.com. Watch the netscape-hint, and
138 you shouldn't have troubles. When you come from windows, it will probably be
144 Netscape comes with a mail-client, but there are better methods of managing mail
145 out there. Pine widely used console driven mailer, for X there is balsa for
146 example. See the Mail-hint for further information.
151 Yeah, we need some sort of playback device, don't we? Luckily there is a clone
152 to a program you will most certainly be familiar with, the X-Multimedia system.
153 Get it from www.xmms.org. It works pretty much like it's windows-pendant, you
154 can even use the windows-skins.
159 Chatting, hum?. No problem. There are two popular IRC-clients, xchat
160 (www.xchat.org) and bitchX (www.bitchx.org). Also, if you like the command line,
161 try irssi (irssi.org). ircII is there too, but that's a bit more complicated
167 For CD-Toasting look for cdrtools and its frontend, gcombust. These are
168 probably the best tools.
173 Here comes the pain. Setting up libraries and programs depending on these is a
174 major worry for people who come from windows. Especially those graphic utilities
175 need a lot of libs that have to be installed and set up correctly or they
176 cowardly refuse to compile. Even more, those major graphic libs (imlib, for
177 instance) depend on a bunch of others. You could go for binaries if nothing else
178 helps, but that's not the LFS-spirit ;).
180 When adding new libs to your system you probably have to edit a lot of
181 makefiles, adjust symlinks etc. What makes it even more difficult ist the fact
182 that every lib is installed differently.
184 One good advice might be to set up your include directories correctly. If some
185 package complains about a missing file, just try to go searching for it and
186 adjust your include paths.
188 For example, take X11. Since there was a namechange from X11 to X11R6, you might
189 have to set up the symlink
191 ln -s /usr/src/X11R6/include/X11 /usr/src/include/X11
195 Also, for some apps you have to edit the Makefile and add
199 to the compiler-flags (CFLAGS). This really depends.
201 Other libs need the --enable-shared flag added to the ./configure, so that the
202 shared part of them is also build correctly (libjpeg, for instance)
204 >> Anybody got some comments on this? I'm having trouble here and there myself.
207 4. Setting up a server
208 ======================
210 So you want your system to act as a server. When saying server here I'm
211 referring not to those software server tasks but to those machines that are not
212 intended to have people actually working on them. (cruel phrase, I know, my
213 english is a bit rusty ;) )
215 So your server should probably be connected to some sort of network, otherwise
216 it would make little sense setting up one. Basic networking is set up in the
217 LFS-Book, so we can skip that here. What we need next is Internet-Connection.
222 >> Don't wanna brag 'bout my isdn hint :). is there a modem hint? Never had one
223 >> so I don't know if one is needed =)
225 Maybe you want to set up your box in a way that it forwards packages to servers
226 running on other servers in your LAN. Basically, go for the Masquerading hint.
227 The PPP hint might also be of interest.
232 Very common mail servers include Sendmail, but this one is a little heavy in
233 configuration. Maybe POSTFIX is a little easier to configure. See the Mail-Hint
234 for further information.
239 Apache is pretty popular. Read the Apache hint.
249 Ssh is used to remotely log into your server. Useful when you ant to administer
250 your server from another box. See Openssh hint.
255 Networking file systems are used to use remote file-systems as if they were on
256 your machine. Read NFS-server-hint.
258 >> I'm gonna finish this what-server-to-use-for-what-task when I get my exams
261 Well, this is just a quick overview of what you might want to do when you got
262 your box running. There's a whole lot more out there, and really goes beyond
263 the scope of this hint. I hope you found this little hint useful, if you have
264 any comments, additions, corrections please mail them to me.
270 Thanks on creating this hint apply to the following people
273 Shine <shine@shinewelt.de>
274 Zertox <zertox@zertox.com>
277 The people from #LFS and #Unix
278 The people supporting the mailinglist