3 =============================
4 "libc++" C++ Standard Library
5 =============================
10 libc++ is a new implementation of the C++ standard library, targeting C++11 and
15 * Correctness as defined by the C++11 standard.
19 * ABI compatibility with gcc's libstdc++ for some low-level features
20 such as exception objects, rtti and memory allocation.
21 * Extensive unit tests.
23 * Design and Implementation:
25 * Extensive unit tests
26 * Internal linker model can be dumped/read to textual format
27 * Additional linking features can be plugged in as "passes"
28 * OS specific and CPU specific code factored out
31 Getting Started with libc++
32 ===========================
62 After its initial introduction, many people have asked "why start a new
63 library instead of contributing to an existing library?" (like Apache's
64 libstdcxx, GNU's libstdc++, STLport, etc). There are many contributing
65 reasons, but some of the major ones are:
67 * From years of experience (including having implemented the standard
68 library before), we've learned many things about implementing
69 the standard containers which require ABI breakage and fundamental changes
70 to how they are implemented. For example, it is generally accepted that
71 building std::string using the "short string optimization" instead of
72 using Copy On Write (COW) is a superior approach for multicore
73 machines (particularly in C++11, which has rvalue references). Breaking
74 ABI compatibility with old versions of the library was
75 determined to be critical to achieving the performance goals of
78 * Mainline libstdc++ has switched to GPL3, a license which the developers
79 of libc++ cannot use. libstdc++ 4.2 (the last GPL2 version) could be
80 independently extended to support C++11, but this would be a fork of the
81 codebase (which is often seen as worse for a project than starting a new
82 independent one). Another problem with libstdc++ is that it is tightly
83 integrated with G++ development, tending to be tied fairly closely to the
84 matching version of G++.
86 * STLport and the Apache libstdcxx library are two other popular
87 candidates, but both lack C++11 support. Our experience (and the
88 experience of libstdc++ developers) is that adding support for C++11 (in
89 particular rvalue references and move-only types) requires changes to
90 almost every class and function, essentially amounting to a rewrite.
91 Faced with a rewrite, we decided to start from scratch and evaluate every
92 design decision from first principles based on experience.
93 Further, both projects are apparently abandoned: STLport 5.2.1 was
94 released in Oct'08, and STDCXX 4.2.1 in May'08.
97 Platform and Compiler Support
98 =============================
100 Libc++ aims to support common compilers that implement the C++11 Standard. In order to strike a
101 good balance between stability for users and maintenance cost, testing coverage and development
102 velocity, libc++ drops support for older compilers as newer ones are released.
104 ============ =============== ========================== =====================
105 Compiler Versions Restrictions Support policy
106 ============ =============== ========================== =====================
107 Clang 13, 14 latest two stable releases per `LLVM's release page <https://releases.llvm.org>`_
108 AppleClang 13 latest stable release per `Xcode's release page <https://developer.apple.com/documentation/xcode-release-notes>`_
109 Open XL 17.1 (AIX) latest stable release per `Open XL's documentation page <https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/openxl-c-and-cpp-aix>`_
110 GCC 11 In C++11 or later only latest stable release per `GCC's release page <https://gcc.gnu.org/releases.html>`_
111 ============ =============== ========================== =====================
113 Libc++ also supports common platforms and architectures:
115 =============== ========================= ============================
116 Target platform Target architecture Notes
117 =============== ========================= ============================
118 macOS 10.9+ i386, x86_64, arm64 Building the shared library itself requires targetting macOS 10.11+
119 FreeBSD 10+ i386, x86_64, arm
120 Linux i386, x86_64, arm, arm64
121 Windows i386, x86_64 Both MSVC and MinGW style environments
122 AIX powerpc, powerpc64
123 =============== ========================= ============================
125 Generally speaking, libc++ should work on any platform that provides a fairly complete
126 C Standard Library. It is also possible to turn off parts of the library for use on
127 systems that provide incomplete support.
129 However, libc++ aims to provide a high-quality implementation of the C++ Standard
130 Library, especially when it comes to correctness. As such, we aim to have test coverage
131 for all the platforms and compilers that we claim to support. If a platform or compiler
132 is not listed here, it is not officially supported. It may happen to work, and
133 in practice the library is known to work on some platforms not listed here, but
134 we don't make any guarantees. If you would like your compiler and/or platform
135 to be formally supported and listed here, please work with the libc++ team to set
136 up testing for your configuration.
143 * :ref:`C++14 - Complete <cxx14-status>`
144 * :ref:`C++17 - In Progress <cxx17-status>`
145 * :ref:`C++20 - In Progress <cxx20-status>`
146 * :ref:`C++2b - In Progress <cxx2b-status>`
147 * :ref:`C++ Feature Test Macro Status <feature-status>`
150 Notes and Known Issues
151 ======================
153 This list contains known issues with libc++
155 * Building libc++ with ``-fno-rtti`` is not supported. However
156 linking against it with ``-fno-rtti`` is supported.
159 A full list of currently open libc++ bugs can be `found here`__.
161 .. __: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/labels/libc%2B%2B
170 DesignDocs/ABIVersioning
171 DesignDocs/AtomicDesign
172 DesignDocs/CapturingConfigInfo
174 DesignDocs/ExperimentalFeatures
175 DesignDocs/ExtendedCXX03Support
176 DesignDocs/FeatureTestMacros
177 DesignDocs/FileTimeType
178 DesignDocs/NoexceptPolicy
179 DesignDocs/ThreadingSupportAPI
180 DesignDocs/UniquePtrTrivialAbi
181 DesignDocs/UnspecifiedBehaviorRandomization
182 DesignDocs/VisibilityMacros
185 Build Bots and Test Coverage
186 ============================
188 * `Buildkite CI pipeline <https://buildkite.com/llvm-project/libcxx-ci>`_
189 * `LLVM Buildbot Builders <http://lab.llvm.org:8011>`_
190 * :ref:`Adding New CI Jobs <AddingNewCIJobs>`
196 First please review our `Developer's Policy <https://llvm.org/docs/DeveloperPolicy.html>`__
197 and `Getting started with LLVM <https://llvm.org/docs/GettingStarted.html>`__.
201 If you think you've found a bug in libc++, please report it using
202 the `LLVM bug tracker`_. If you're not sure, you
203 can ask for support on the `libcxx forum`_ or on IRC.
207 If you want to contribute a patch to libc++, the best place for that is
208 `Phabricator <https://llvm.org/docs/Phabricator.html>`_. Please add `libcxx-commits` as a subscriber.
209 Also make sure you are subscribed to the `libcxx-commits mailing list`_.
211 **Discussion and Questions**
213 Send discussions and questions to the `libcxx forum`_.
218 * `LLVM Homepage <https://llvm.org/>`_
219 * `libc++abi Homepage <http://libcxxabi.llvm.org/>`_
220 * `LLVM Bug Tracker <https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/labels/libc++/>`_
221 * `libcxx-commits Mailing List <http://lists.llvm.org/mailman/listinfo/libcxx-commits>`_
222 * `libcxx Forum <https://discourse.llvm.org/c/runtimes/libcxx/>`_
223 * `Browse libc++ Sources <https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/tree/main/libcxx/>`_