1 ==============================================
2 JSON Compilation Database Format Specification
3 ==============================================
5 This document describes a format for specifying how to replay single
6 compilations independently of the build system.
11 Tools based on the C++ Abstract Syntax Tree need full information how to
12 parse a translation unit. Usually this information is implicitly
13 available in the build system, but running tools as part of the build
14 system is not necessarily the best solution:
16 - Build systems are inherently change driven, so running multiple tools
17 over the same code base without changing the code does not fit into
18 the architecture of many build systems.
19 - Figuring out whether things have changed is often an IO bound
20 process; this makes it hard to build low latency end user tools based
22 - Build systems are inherently sequential in the build graph, for
23 example due to generated source code. While tools that run
24 independently of the build still need the generated source code to
25 exist, running tools multiple times over unchanging source does not
26 require serialization of the runs according to the build dependency
32 Clang has the ability to generate compilation database fragments via
33 the :option:`-MJ argument <clang -MJ\<arg>>`. You can concatenate those
34 fragments together between ``[`` and ``]`` to create a compilation database.
36 Currently `CMake <https://cmake.org>`_ (since 2.8.5) supports generation
37 of compilation databases for Unix Makefile builds (Ninja builds in the
38 works) with the option ``CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS``.
40 For projects on Linux, there is an alternative to intercept compiler
41 calls with a tool called `Bear <https://github.com/rizsotto/Bear>`_.
43 `Bazel <https://bazel.build>`_ can export a compilation database via
44 `this extractor extension
45 <https://github.com/hedronvision/bazel-compile-commands-extractor>`_.
46 Bazel is otherwise resistant to Bear and other compiler-intercept
49 Clang's tooling interface supports reading compilation databases; see
50 the :doc:`LibTooling documentation <LibTooling>`. libclang and its
51 python bindings also support this (since clang 3.2); see
52 `CXCompilationDatabase.h </doxygen/group__COMPILATIONDB.html>`_.
57 A compilation database is a JSON file, which consist of an array of
58 "command objects", where each command object specifies one way a
59 translation unit is compiled in the project.
61 Each command object contains the translation unit's main file, the
62 working directory of the compile run and the actual compile command.
69 { "directory": "/home/user/llvm/build",
70 "arguments": ["/usr/bin/clang++", "-Irelative", "-DSOMEDEF=With spaces, quotes and \\-es.", "-c", "-o", "file.o", "file.cc"],
73 { "directory": "/home/user/llvm/build",
74 "command": "/usr/bin/clang++ -Irelative -DSOMEDEF=\"With spaces, quotes and \\-es.\" -c -o file.o file.cc",
80 The contracts for each field in the command object are:
82 - **directory:** The working directory of the compilation. All paths
83 specified in the **command** or **file** fields must be either
84 absolute or relative to this directory.
85 - **file:** The main translation unit source processed by this
86 compilation step. This is used by tools as the key into the
87 compilation database. There can be multiple command objects for the
88 same file, for example if the same source file is compiled with
89 different configurations.
90 - **arguments:** The compile command argv as list of strings.
91 This should run the compilation step for the translation unit ``file``.
92 ``arguments[0]`` should be the executable name, such as ``clang++``.
93 Arguments should not be escaped, but ready to pass to ``execvp()``.
94 - **command:** The compile command as a single shell-escaped string.
95 Arguments may be shell quoted and escaped following platform conventions,
96 with '``"``' and '``\``' being the only special characters. Shell expansion
99 Either **arguments** or **command** is required. **arguments** is preferred,
100 as shell (un)escaping is a possible source of errors.
101 - **output:** The name of the output created by this compilation step.
102 This field is optional. It can be used to distinguish different processing
103 modes of the same input file.
105 Build System Integration
106 ========================
108 The convention is to name the file compile\_commands.json and put it at
109 the top of the build directory. Clang tools are pointed to the top of
110 the build directory to detect the file and use the compilation database
111 to parse C++ code in the source tree.
115 For simple projects, Clang tools also recognize a ``compile_flags.txt`` file.
116 This should contain one argument per line. The same flags will be used to
127 Here ``-I libwidget/include`` is two arguments, and so becomes two lines.
128 Paths are relative to the directory containing ``compile_flags.txt``.