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2 How to Cross Compile Compiler-rt Builtins For Arm
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8 This document contains information about building and testing the builtins part
9 of compiler-rt for an Arm target, from an x86_64 Linux machine.
11 While this document concentrates on Arm and Linux the general principles should
12 apply to other targets supported by compiler-rt. Further contributions for other
15 The instructions in this document depend on libraries and programs external to
16 LLVM, there are many ways to install and configure these dependencies so you
17 may need to adapt the instructions here to fit your own local situation.
22 In this use case we'll be using cmake on a Debian-based Linux system,
23 cross-compiling from an x86_64 host to a hard-float Armv7-A target. We'll be
24 using as many of the LLVM tools as we can, but it is possible to use GNU
27 * ``A build of LLVM/clang for the llvm-tools and llvm-config``
28 * ``A clang executable with support for the ARM target``
29 * ``compiler-rt sources``
30 * ``The qemu-arm user mode emulator``
31 * ``An arm-linux-gnueabihf sysroot``
33 In this example we will be using ninja.
35 See https://compiler-rt.llvm.org/ for more information about the dependencies
38 See https://llvm.org/docs/GettingStarted.html for information about obtaining
39 the source for LLVM and compiler-rt. Note that the getting started guide
40 places compiler-rt in the projects subdirectory, but this is not essential and
41 if you are using the BaremetalARM.cmake cache for v6-M, v7-M and v7-EM then
42 compiler-rt must be placed in the runtimes directory.
44 ``qemu-arm`` should be available as a package for your Linux distribution.
46 The most complicated of the prerequisites to satisfy is the arm-linux-gnueabihf
47 sysroot. In theory it is possible to use the Linux distributions multiarch
48 support to fulfill the dependencies for building but unfortunately due to
49 /usr/local/include being added some host includes are selected. The easiest way
50 to supply a sysroot is to download the arm-linux-gnueabihf toolchain. This can
52 * https://developer.arm.com/open-source/gnu-toolchain/gnu-a/downloads for gcc 8 and above
53 * https://releases.linaro.org/components/toolchain/binaries/ for gcc 4.9 to 7.3
55 Building compiler-rt builtins for Arm
56 =====================================
57 We will be doing a standalone build of compiler-rt using the following cmake
60 * ``path/to/compiler-rt``
62 * ``-DCMAKE_AR=/path/to/llvm-ar``
63 * ``-DCMAKE_ASM_COMPILER_TARGET="arm-linux-gnueabihf"``
64 * ``-DCMAKE_ASM_FLAGS="build-c-flags"``
65 * ``-DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=/path/to/clang``
66 * ``-DCMAKE_C_COMPILER_TARGET="arm-linux-gnueabihf"``
67 * ``-DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="build-c-flags"``
68 * ``-DCMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS="-fuse-ld=lld"``
69 * ``-DCMAKE_NM=/path/to/llvm-nm``
70 * ``-DCMAKE_RANLIB=/path/to/llvm-ranlib``
71 * ``-DCOMPILER_RT_BUILD_BUILTINS=ON``
72 * ``-DCOMPILER_RT_BUILD_LIBFUZZER=OFF``
73 * ``-DCOMPILER_RT_BUILD_MEMPROF=OFF``
74 * ``-DCOMPILER_RT_BUILD_PROFILE=OFF``
75 * ``-DCOMPILER_RT_BUILD_SANITIZERS=OFF``
76 * ``-DCOMPILER_RT_BUILD_XRAY=OFF``
77 * ``-DCOMPILER_RT_DEFAULT_TARGET_ONLY=ON``
78 * ``-DLLVM_CONFIG_PATH=/path/to/llvm-config``
80 The ``build-c-flags`` need to be sufficient to pass the C-make compiler check,
81 compile compiler-rt, and if you are running the tests, compile and link the
82 tests. When cross-compiling with clang we will need to pass sufficient
83 information to generate code for the Arm architecture we are targeting. We will
84 need to select the Arm target, select the Armv7-A architecture and choose
85 between using Arm or Thumb.
86 instructions. For example:
88 * ``--target=arm-linux-gnueabihf``
92 When using a GCC arm-linux-gnueabihf toolchain the following flags are
93 needed to pick up the includes and libraries:
95 * ``--gcc-toolchain=/path/to/dir/toolchain``
96 * ``--sysroot=/path/to/toolchain/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc``
98 In this example we will be adding all of the command line options to both
99 ``CMAKE_C_FLAGS`` and ``CMAKE_ASM_FLAGS``. There are cmake flags to pass some of
100 these options individually which can be used to simplify the ``build-c-flags``:
102 * ``-DCMAKE_C_COMPILER_TARGET="arm-linux-gnueabihf"``
103 * ``-DCMAKE_ASM_COMPILER_TARGET="arm-linux-gnueabihf"``
104 * ``-DCMAKE_C_COMPILER_EXTERNAL_TOOLCHAIN=/path/to/dir/toolchain``
105 * ``-DCMAKE_SYSROOT=/path/to/dir/toolchain/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc``
107 Once cmake has completed the builtins can be built with ``ninja builtins``
109 Testing compiler-rt builtins using qemu-arm
110 ===========================================
111 To test the builtins library we need to add a few more cmake flags to enable
112 testing and set up the compiler and flags for test case. We must also tell
113 cmake that we wish to run the tests on ``qemu-arm``.
115 * ``-DCOMPILER_RT_EMULATOR="qemu-arm -L /path/to/armhf/sysroot``
116 * ``-DCOMPILER_RT_INCLUDE_TESTS=ON``
117 * ``-DCOMPILER_RT_TEST_COMPILER="/path/to/clang"``
118 * ``-DCOMPILER_RT_TEST_COMPILER_CFLAGS="test-c-flags"``
120 The ``/path/to/armhf/sysroot`` should be the same as the one passed to
121 ``--sysroot`` in the "build-c-flags".
123 The "test-c-flags" need to include the target, architecture, gcc-toolchain,
124 sysroot and arm/thumb state. The additional cmake defines such as
125 ``CMAKE_C_COMPILER_EXTERNAL_TOOLCHAIN`` do not apply when building the tests. If
126 you have put all of these in "build-c-flags" then these can be repeated. If you
127 wish to use lld to link the tests then add ``"-fuse-ld=lld``.
129 Once cmake has completed the tests can be built and run using
130 ``ninja check-builtins``
135 The cmake try compile stage fails
136 ---------------------------------
137 At an early stage cmake will attempt to compile and link a simple C program to
138 test if the toolchain is working.
140 This stage can often fail at link time if the ``--sysroot=`` and
141 ``--gcc-toolchain=`` options are not passed to the compiler. Check the
142 ``CMAKE_C_FLAGS`` and ``CMAKE_C_COMPILER_TARGET`` flags.
144 It can be useful to build a simple example outside of cmake with your toolchain
145 to make sure it is working. For example: ``clang --target=arm-linux-gnueabi -march=armv7a --gcc-toolchain=/path/to/gcc-toolchain --sysroot=/path/to/gcc-toolchain/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc helloworld.c``
147 Clang uses the host header files
148 --------------------------------
149 On debian based systems it is possible to install multiarch support for
150 arm-linux-gnueabi and arm-linux-gnueabihf. In many cases clang can successfully
151 use this multiarch support when ``--gcc-toolchain=`` and ``--sysroot=`` are not supplied.
152 Unfortunately clang adds ``/usr/local/include`` before
153 ``/usr/include/arm-linux-gnueabihf`` leading to errors when compiling the hosts
156 The multiarch support is not sufficient to build the builtins you will need to
157 use a separate arm-linux-gnueabihf toolchain.
159 No target passed to clang
160 -------------------------
161 If clang is not given a target it will typically use the host target, this will
162 not understand the Arm assembly language files resulting in error messages such
163 as ``error: unknown directive .syntax unified``.
165 You can check the clang invocation in the error message to see if there is no
166 ``--target`` or if it is set incorrectly. The cause is usually
167 ``CMAKE_ASM_FLAGS`` not containing ``--target`` or ``CMAKE_ASM_COMPILER_TARGET`` not being present.
169 Arm architecture not given
170 --------------------------
171 The ``--target=arm-linux-gnueabihf`` will default to arm architecture v4t which
172 cannot assemble the barrier instructions used in the synch_and_fetch source
175 The cause is usually a missing ``-march=armv7a`` from the ``CMAKE_ASM_FLAGS``.
177 Compiler-rt builds but the tests fail to build
178 ----------------------------------------------
179 The flags used to build the tests are not the same as those used to build the
180 builtins. The c flags are provided by ``COMPILER_RT_TEST_COMPILE_CFLAGS`` and
181 the ``CMAKE_C_COMPILER_TARGET``, ``CMAKE_ASM_COMPILER_TARGET``,
182 ``CMAKE_C_COMPILER_EXTERNAL_TOOLCHAIN`` and ``CMAKE_SYSROOT`` flags are not
185 Make sure that ``COMPILER_RT_TEST_COMPILE_CFLAGS`` contains all the necessary
189 Modifications for other Targets
190 ===============================
192 Arm Soft-Float Target
193 ---------------------
194 The instructions for the Arm hard-float target can be used for the soft-float
195 target by substituting soft-float equivalents for the sysroot and target. The
198 * ``-DCMAKE_C_COMPILER_TARGET=arm-linux-gnueabi``
200 Depending on whether you want to use floating point instructions or not you
201 may need extra c-flags such as ``-mfloat-abi=softfp`` for use of floating-point
202 instructions, and ``-mfloat-abi=soft -mfpu=none`` for software floating-point
205 You will need to use an arm-linux-gnueabi GNU toolchain for soft-float.
209 The instructions for Arm can be used for AArch64 by substituting AArch64
210 equivalents for the sysroot, emulator and target.
212 * ``-DCMAKE_C_COMPILER_TARGET=aarch64-linux-gnu``
213 * ``-DCOMPILER_RT_EMULATOR="qemu-aarch64 -L /path/to/aarch64/sysroot``
215 The CMAKE_C_FLAGS and COMPILER_RT_TEST_COMPILER_CFLAGS may also need:
216 ``"--sysroot=/path/to/aarch64/sysroot --gcc-toolchain=/path/to/gcc-toolchain"``
218 Armv6-m, Armv7-m and Armv7E-M targets
219 -------------------------------------
220 To build and test the libraries using a similar method to Armv7-A is possible
221 but more difficult. The main problems are:
223 * There isn't a ``qemu-arm`` user-mode emulator for bare-metal systems. The ``qemu-system-arm`` can be used but this is significantly more difficult to setup.
224 * The targets to compile compiler-rt have the suffix -none-eabi. This uses the BareMetal driver in clang and by default won't find the libraries needed to pass the cmake compiler check.
226 As the Armv6-M, Armv7-M and Armv7E-M builds of compiler-rt only use instructions
227 that are supported on Armv7-A we can still get most of the value of running the
228 tests using the same ``qemu-arm`` that we used for Armv7-A by building and
229 running the test cases for Armv7-A but using the builtins compiled for
230 Armv6-M, Armv7-M or Armv7E-M. This will test that the builtins can be linked
231 into a binary and execute the tests correctly but it will not catch if the
232 builtins use instructions that are supported on Armv7-A but not Armv6-M,
233 Armv7-M and Armv7E-M.
235 To get the cmake compile test to pass you will need to pass the libraries
236 needed to successfully link the cmake test via ``CMAKE_CFLAGS``. It is
237 strongly recommended that you use version 3.6 or above of cmake so you can use
238 ``CMAKE_TRY_COMPILE_TARGET=STATIC_LIBRARY`` to skip the link step.
240 * ``-DCMAKE_TRY_COMPILE_TARGET_TYPE=STATIC_LIBRARY``
241 * ``-DCOMPILER_RT_OS_DIR="baremetal"``
242 * ``-DCOMPILER_RT_BUILD_BUILTINS=ON``
243 * ``-DCOMPILER_RT_BUILD_SANITIZERS=OFF``
244 * ``-DCOMPILER_RT_BUILD_XRAY=OFF``
245 * ``-DCOMPILER_RT_BUILD_LIBFUZZER=OFF``
246 * ``-DCOMPILER_RT_BUILD_PROFILE=OFF``
247 * ``-DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=${host_install_dir}/bin/clang``
248 * ``-DCMAKE_C_COMPILER_TARGET="your *-none-eabi target"``
249 * ``-DCMAKE_ASM_COMPILER_TARGET="your *-none-eabi target"``
250 * ``-DCMAKE_AR=/path/to/llvm-ar``
251 * ``-DCMAKE_NM=/path/to/llvm-nm``
252 * ``-DCMAKE_RANLIB=/path/to/llvm-ranlib``
253 * ``-DCOMPILER_RT_BAREMETAL_BUILD=ON``
254 * ``-DCOMPILER_RT_DEFAULT_TARGET_ONLY=ON``
255 * ``-DLLVM_CONFIG_PATH=/path/to/llvm-config``
256 * ``-DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="build-c-flags"``
257 * ``-DCMAKE_ASM_FLAGS="build-c-flags"``
258 * ``-DCOMPILER_RT_EMULATOR="qemu-arm -L /path/to/armv7-A/sysroot"``
259 * ``-DCOMPILER_RT_INCLUDE_TESTS=ON``
260 * ``-DCOMPILER_RT_TEST_COMPILER="/path/to/clang"``
261 * ``-DCOMPILER_RT_TEST_COMPILER_CFLAGS="test-c-flags"``
263 The Armv6-M builtins will use the soft-float ABI. When compiling the tests for
264 Armv7-A we must include ``"-mthumb -mfloat-abi=soft -mfpu=none"`` in the
265 test-c-flags. We must use an Armv7-A soft-float abi sysroot for ``qemu-arm``.
267 Depending on the linker used for the test cases you may encounter BuildAttribute
268 mismatches between the M-profile objects from compiler-rt and the A-profile
269 objects from the test. The lld linker does not check the profile
270 BuildAttribute so it can be used to link the tests by adding -fuse-ld=lld to the
271 ``COMPILER_RT_TEST_COMPILER_CFLAGS``.
273 Alternative using a cmake cache
274 -------------------------------
275 If you wish to build, but not test compiler-rt for Armv6-M, Armv7-M or Armv7E-M
276 the easiest way is to use the BaremetalARM.cmake recipe in clang/cmake/caches.
278 You will need a bare metal sysroot such as that provided by the GNU ARM
281 The libraries can be built with the cmake options:
283 * ``-DBAREMETAL_ARMV6M_SYSROOT=/path/to/bare/metal/toolchain/arm-none-eabi``
284 * ``-DBAREMETAL_ARMV7M_SYSROOT=/path/to/bare/metal/toolchain/arm-none-eabi``
285 * ``-DBAREMETAL_ARMV7EM_SYSROOT=/path/to/bare/metal/toolchain/arm-none-eabi``
286 * ``-C /path/to/llvm/source/tools/clang/cmake/caches/BaremetalARM.cmake``
289 **Note** that for the recipe to work the compiler-rt source must be checked out
290 into the directory llvm/runtimes. You will also need clang and lld checked out.