1 //===-- HardwareLoops.cpp - Target Independent Hardware Loops --*- C++ -*-===//
3 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
4 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
5 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
7 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
9 /// Insert hardware loop intrinsics into loops which are deemed profitable by
10 /// the target, by querying TargetTransformInfo. A hardware loop comprises of
11 /// two intrinsics: one, outside the loop, to set the loop iteration count and
12 /// another, in the exit block, to decrement the counter. The decremented value
13 /// can either be carried through the loop via a phi or handled in some opaque
14 /// way by the target.
16 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
18 #include "llvm/ADT/Statistic.h"
19 #include "llvm/Analysis/AssumptionCache.h"
20 #include "llvm/Analysis/LoopInfo.h"
21 #include "llvm/Analysis/OptimizationRemarkEmitter.h"
22 #include "llvm/Analysis/ScalarEvolution.h"
23 #include "llvm/Analysis/TargetLibraryInfo.h"
24 #include "llvm/Analysis/TargetTransformInfo.h"
25 #include "llvm/CodeGen/Passes.h"
26 #include "llvm/IR/BasicBlock.h"
27 #include "llvm/IR/Constants.h"
28 #include "llvm/IR/Dominators.h"
29 #include "llvm/IR/IRBuilder.h"
30 #include "llvm/IR/Instructions.h"
31 #include "llvm/IR/IntrinsicInst.h"
32 #include "llvm/IR/Value.h"
33 #include "llvm/InitializePasses.h"
34 #include "llvm/Pass.h"
35 #include "llvm/PassRegistry.h"
36 #include "llvm/Support/CommandLine.h"
37 #include "llvm/Support/Debug.h"
38 #include "llvm/Transforms/Utils.h"
39 #include "llvm/Transforms/Utils/BasicBlockUtils.h"
40 #include "llvm/Transforms/Utils/Local.h"
41 #include "llvm/Transforms/Utils/LoopUtils.h"
42 #include "llvm/Transforms/Utils/ScalarEvolutionExpander.h"
44 #define DEBUG_TYPE "hardware-loops"
46 #define HW_LOOPS_NAME "Hardware Loop Insertion"
51 ForceHardwareLoops("force-hardware-loops", cl::Hidden
, cl::init(false),
52 cl::desc("Force hardware loops intrinsics to be inserted"));
56 "force-hardware-loop-phi", cl::Hidden
, cl::init(false),
57 cl::desc("Force hardware loop counter to be updated through a phi"));
60 ForceNestedLoop("force-nested-hardware-loop", cl::Hidden
, cl::init(false),
61 cl::desc("Force allowance of nested hardware loops"));
63 static cl::opt
<unsigned>
64 LoopDecrement("hardware-loop-decrement", cl::Hidden
, cl::init(1),
65 cl::desc("Set the loop decrement value"));
67 static cl::opt
<unsigned>
68 CounterBitWidth("hardware-loop-counter-bitwidth", cl::Hidden
, cl::init(32),
69 cl::desc("Set the loop counter bitwidth"));
73 "force-hardware-loop-guard", cl::Hidden
, cl::init(false),
74 cl::desc("Force generation of loop guard intrinsic"));
76 STATISTIC(NumHWLoops
, "Number of loops converted to hardware loops");
79 static void debugHWLoopFailure(const StringRef DebugMsg
,
81 dbgs() << "HWLoops: " << DebugMsg
;
90 static OptimizationRemarkAnalysis
91 createHWLoopAnalysis(StringRef RemarkName
, Loop
*L
, Instruction
*I
) {
92 Value
*CodeRegion
= L
->getHeader();
93 DebugLoc DL
= L
->getStartLoc();
96 CodeRegion
= I
->getParent();
97 // If there is no debug location attached to the instruction, revert back to
100 DL
= I
->getDebugLoc();
103 OptimizationRemarkAnalysis
R(DEBUG_TYPE
, RemarkName
, DL
, CodeRegion
);
104 R
<< "hardware-loop not created: ";
110 void reportHWLoopFailure(const StringRef Msg
, const StringRef ORETag
,
111 OptimizationRemarkEmitter
*ORE
, Loop
*TheLoop
, Instruction
*I
= nullptr) {
112 LLVM_DEBUG(debugHWLoopFailure(Msg
, I
));
113 ORE
->emit(createHWLoopAnalysis(ORETag
, TheLoop
, I
) << Msg
);
116 using TTI
= TargetTransformInfo
;
118 class HardwareLoops
: public FunctionPass
{
122 HardwareLoops() : FunctionPass(ID
) {
123 initializeHardwareLoopsPass(*PassRegistry::getPassRegistry());
126 bool runOnFunction(Function
&F
) override
;
128 void getAnalysisUsage(AnalysisUsage
&AU
) const override
{
129 AU
.addRequired
<LoopInfoWrapperPass
>();
130 AU
.addPreserved
<LoopInfoWrapperPass
>();
131 AU
.addRequired
<DominatorTreeWrapperPass
>();
132 AU
.addPreserved
<DominatorTreeWrapperPass
>();
133 AU
.addRequired
<ScalarEvolutionWrapperPass
>();
134 AU
.addRequired
<AssumptionCacheTracker
>();
135 AU
.addRequired
<TargetTransformInfoWrapperPass
>();
136 AU
.addRequired
<OptimizationRemarkEmitterWrapperPass
>();
139 // Try to convert the given Loop into a hardware loop.
140 bool TryConvertLoop(Loop
*L
);
142 // Given that the target believes the loop to be profitable, try to
144 bool TryConvertLoop(HardwareLoopInfo
&HWLoopInfo
);
147 ScalarEvolution
*SE
= nullptr;
148 LoopInfo
*LI
= nullptr;
149 const DataLayout
*DL
= nullptr;
150 OptimizationRemarkEmitter
*ORE
= nullptr;
151 const TargetTransformInfo
*TTI
= nullptr;
152 DominatorTree
*DT
= nullptr;
153 bool PreserveLCSSA
= false;
154 AssumptionCache
*AC
= nullptr;
155 TargetLibraryInfo
*LibInfo
= nullptr;
157 bool MadeChange
= false;
161 // Expand the trip count scev into a value that we can use.
162 Value
*InitLoopCount();
164 // Insert the set_loop_iteration intrinsic.
165 Value
*InsertIterationSetup(Value
*LoopCountInit
);
167 // Insert the loop_decrement intrinsic.
168 void InsertLoopDec();
170 // Insert the loop_decrement_reg intrinsic.
171 Instruction
*InsertLoopRegDec(Value
*EltsRem
);
173 // If the target requires the counter value to be updated in the loop,
174 // insert a phi to hold the value. The intended purpose is for use by
175 // loop_decrement_reg.
176 PHINode
*InsertPHICounter(Value
*NumElts
, Value
*EltsRem
);
178 // Create a new cmp, that checks the returned value of loop_decrement*,
179 // and update the exit branch to use it.
180 void UpdateBranch(Value
*EltsRem
);
183 HardwareLoop(HardwareLoopInfo
&Info
, ScalarEvolution
&SE
,
184 const DataLayout
&DL
,
185 OptimizationRemarkEmitter
*ORE
) :
186 SE(SE
), DL(DL
), ORE(ORE
), L(Info
.L
), M(L
->getHeader()->getModule()),
187 ExitCount(Info
.ExitCount
),
188 CountType(Info
.CountType
),
189 ExitBranch(Info
.ExitBranch
),
190 LoopDecrement(Info
.LoopDecrement
),
191 UsePHICounter(Info
.CounterInReg
),
192 UseLoopGuard(Info
.PerformEntryTest
) { }
198 const DataLayout
&DL
;
199 OptimizationRemarkEmitter
*ORE
= nullptr;
202 const SCEV
*ExitCount
= nullptr;
203 Type
*CountType
= nullptr;
204 BranchInst
*ExitBranch
= nullptr;
205 Value
*LoopDecrement
= nullptr;
206 bool UsePHICounter
= false;
207 bool UseLoopGuard
= false;
208 BasicBlock
*BeginBB
= nullptr;
212 char HardwareLoops::ID
= 0;
214 bool HardwareLoops::runOnFunction(Function
&F
) {
218 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "HWLoops: Running on " << F
.getName() << "\n");
220 LI
= &getAnalysis
<LoopInfoWrapperPass
>().getLoopInfo();
221 SE
= &getAnalysis
<ScalarEvolutionWrapperPass
>().getSE();
222 DT
= &getAnalysis
<DominatorTreeWrapperPass
>().getDomTree();
223 TTI
= &getAnalysis
<TargetTransformInfoWrapperPass
>().getTTI(F
);
224 DL
= &F
.getParent()->getDataLayout();
225 ORE
= &getAnalysis
<OptimizationRemarkEmitterWrapperPass
>().getORE();
226 auto *TLIP
= getAnalysisIfAvailable
<TargetLibraryInfoWrapperPass
>();
227 LibInfo
= TLIP
? &TLIP
->getTLI(F
) : nullptr;
228 PreserveLCSSA
= mustPreserveAnalysisID(LCSSAID
);
229 AC
= &getAnalysis
<AssumptionCacheTracker
>().getAssumptionCache(F
);
233 if (L
->isOutermost())
239 // Return true if the search should stop, which will be when an inner loop is
240 // converted and the parent loop doesn't support containing a hardware loop.
241 bool HardwareLoops::TryConvertLoop(Loop
*L
) {
242 // Process nested loops first.
243 bool AnyChanged
= false;
245 AnyChanged
|= TryConvertLoop(SL
);
247 reportHWLoopFailure("nested hardware-loops not supported", "HWLoopNested",
249 return true; // Stop search.
252 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "HWLoops: Loop " << L
->getHeader()->getName() << "\n");
254 HardwareLoopInfo
HWLoopInfo(L
);
255 if (!HWLoopInfo
.canAnalyze(*LI
)) {
256 reportHWLoopFailure("cannot analyze loop, irreducible control flow",
257 "HWLoopCannotAnalyze", ORE
, L
);
261 if (!ForceHardwareLoops
&&
262 !TTI
->isHardwareLoopProfitable(L
, *SE
, *AC
, LibInfo
, HWLoopInfo
)) {
263 reportHWLoopFailure("it's not profitable to create a hardware-loop",
264 "HWLoopNotProfitable", ORE
, L
);
268 // Allow overriding of the counter width and loop decrement value.
269 if (CounterBitWidth
.getNumOccurrences())
270 HWLoopInfo
.CountType
=
271 IntegerType::get(M
->getContext(), CounterBitWidth
);
273 if (LoopDecrement
.getNumOccurrences())
274 HWLoopInfo
.LoopDecrement
=
275 ConstantInt::get(HWLoopInfo
.CountType
, LoopDecrement
);
277 MadeChange
|= TryConvertLoop(HWLoopInfo
);
278 return MadeChange
&& (!HWLoopInfo
.IsNestingLegal
&& !ForceNestedLoop
);
281 bool HardwareLoops::TryConvertLoop(HardwareLoopInfo
&HWLoopInfo
) {
283 Loop
*L
= HWLoopInfo
.L
;
284 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "HWLoops: Try to convert profitable loop: " << *L
);
286 if (!HWLoopInfo
.isHardwareLoopCandidate(*SE
, *LI
, *DT
, ForceNestedLoop
,
287 ForceHardwareLoopPHI
)) {
288 // TODO: there can be many reasons a loop is not considered a
289 // candidate, so we should let isHardwareLoopCandidate fill in the
290 // reason and then report a better message here.
291 reportHWLoopFailure("loop is not a candidate", "HWLoopNoCandidate", ORE
, L
);
296 (HWLoopInfo
.ExitBlock
&& HWLoopInfo
.ExitBranch
&& HWLoopInfo
.ExitCount
) &&
297 "Hardware Loop must have set exit info.");
299 BasicBlock
*Preheader
= L
->getLoopPreheader();
301 // If we don't have a preheader, then insert one.
303 Preheader
= InsertPreheaderForLoop(L
, DT
, LI
, nullptr, PreserveLCSSA
);
307 HardwareLoop
HWLoop(HWLoopInfo
, *SE
, *DL
, ORE
);
313 void HardwareLoop::Create() {
314 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "HWLoops: Converting loop..\n");
316 Value
*LoopCountInit
= InitLoopCount();
317 if (!LoopCountInit
) {
318 reportHWLoopFailure("could not safely create a loop count expression",
319 "HWLoopNotSafe", ORE
, L
);
323 Value
*Setup
= InsertIterationSetup(LoopCountInit
);
325 if (UsePHICounter
|| ForceHardwareLoopPHI
) {
326 Instruction
*LoopDec
= InsertLoopRegDec(LoopCountInit
);
327 Value
*EltsRem
= InsertPHICounter(Setup
, LoopDec
);
328 LoopDec
->setOperand(0, EltsRem
);
329 UpdateBranch(LoopDec
);
333 // Run through the basic blocks of the loop and see if any of them have dead
334 // PHIs that can be removed.
335 for (auto *I
: L
->blocks())
339 static bool CanGenerateTest(Loop
*L
, Value
*Count
) {
340 BasicBlock
*Preheader
= L
->getLoopPreheader();
341 if (!Preheader
->getSinglePredecessor())
344 BasicBlock
*Pred
= Preheader
->getSinglePredecessor();
345 if (!isa
<BranchInst
>(Pred
->getTerminator()))
348 auto *BI
= cast
<BranchInst
>(Pred
->getTerminator());
349 if (BI
->isUnconditional() || !isa
<ICmpInst
>(BI
->getCondition()))
352 // Check that the icmp is checking for equality of Count and zero and that
353 // a non-zero value results in entering the loop.
354 auto ICmp
= cast
<ICmpInst
>(BI
->getCondition());
355 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " - Found condition: " << *ICmp
<< "\n");
356 if (!ICmp
->isEquality())
359 auto IsCompareZero
= [](ICmpInst
*ICmp
, Value
*Count
, unsigned OpIdx
) {
360 if (auto *Const
= dyn_cast
<ConstantInt
>(ICmp
->getOperand(OpIdx
)))
361 return Const
->isZero() && ICmp
->getOperand(OpIdx
^ 1) == Count
;
365 // Check if Count is a zext.
366 Value
*CountBefZext
=
367 isa
<ZExtInst
>(Count
) ? cast
<ZExtInst
>(Count
)->getOperand(0) : nullptr;
369 if (!IsCompareZero(ICmp
, Count
, 0) && !IsCompareZero(ICmp
, Count
, 1) &&
370 !IsCompareZero(ICmp
, CountBefZext
, 0) &&
371 !IsCompareZero(ICmp
, CountBefZext
, 1))
374 unsigned SuccIdx
= ICmp
->getPredicate() == ICmpInst::ICMP_NE
? 0 : 1;
375 if (BI
->getSuccessor(SuccIdx
) != Preheader
)
381 Value
*HardwareLoop::InitLoopCount() {
382 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "HWLoops: Initialising loop counter value:\n");
383 // Can we replace a conditional branch with an intrinsic that sets the
384 // loop counter and tests that is not zero?
386 SCEVExpander
SCEVE(SE
, DL
, "loopcnt");
387 if (!ExitCount
->getType()->isPointerTy() &&
388 ExitCount
->getType() != CountType
)
389 ExitCount
= SE
.getZeroExtendExpr(ExitCount
, CountType
);
391 ExitCount
= SE
.getAddExpr(ExitCount
, SE
.getOne(CountType
));
393 // If we're trying to use the 'test and set' form of the intrinsic, we need
394 // to replace a conditional branch that is controlling entry to the loop. It
395 // is likely (guaranteed?) that the preheader has an unconditional branch to
396 // the loop header, so also check if it has a single predecessor.
397 if (SE
.isLoopEntryGuardedByCond(L
, ICmpInst::ICMP_NE
, ExitCount
,
398 SE
.getZero(ExitCount
->getType()))) {
399 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " - Attempting to use test.set counter.\n");
400 UseLoopGuard
|= ForceGuardLoopEntry
;
402 UseLoopGuard
= false;
404 BasicBlock
*BB
= L
->getLoopPreheader();
405 if (UseLoopGuard
&& BB
->getSinglePredecessor() &&
406 cast
<BranchInst
>(BB
->getTerminator())->isUnconditional()) {
407 BasicBlock
*Predecessor
= BB
->getSinglePredecessor();
408 // If it's not safe to create a while loop then don't force it and create a
409 // do-while loop instead
410 if (!SCEVE
.isSafeToExpandAt(ExitCount
, Predecessor
->getTerminator()))
411 UseLoopGuard
= false;
416 if (!SCEVE
.isSafeToExpandAt(ExitCount
, BB
->getTerminator())) {
417 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "- Bailing, unsafe to expand ExitCount "
418 << *ExitCount
<< "\n");
422 Value
*Count
= SCEVE
.expandCodeFor(ExitCount
, CountType
,
423 BB
->getTerminator());
425 // FIXME: We've expanded Count where we hope to insert the counter setting
426 // intrinsic. But, in the case of the 'test and set' form, we may fallback to
427 // the just 'set' form and in which case the insertion block is most likely
428 // different. It means there will be instruction(s) in a block that possibly
429 // aren't needed. The isLoopEntryGuardedByCond is trying to avoid this issue,
430 // but it's doesn't appear to work in all cases.
432 UseLoopGuard
= UseLoopGuard
&& CanGenerateTest(L
, Count
);
433 BeginBB
= UseLoopGuard
? BB
: L
->getLoopPreheader();
434 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " - Loop Count: " << *Count
<< "\n"
435 << " - Expanded Count in " << BB
->getName() << "\n"
436 << " - Will insert set counter intrinsic into: "
437 << BeginBB
->getName() << "\n");
441 Value
* HardwareLoop::InsertIterationSetup(Value
*LoopCountInit
) {
442 IRBuilder
<> Builder(BeginBB
->getTerminator());
443 Type
*Ty
= LoopCountInit
->getType();
444 bool UsePhi
= UsePHICounter
|| ForceHardwareLoopPHI
;
445 Intrinsic::ID ID
= UseLoopGuard
446 ? (UsePhi
? Intrinsic::test_start_loop_iterations
447 : Intrinsic::test_set_loop_iterations
)
448 : (UsePhi
? Intrinsic::start_loop_iterations
449 : Intrinsic::set_loop_iterations
);
450 Function
*LoopIter
= Intrinsic::getDeclaration(M
, ID
, Ty
);
451 Value
*LoopSetup
= Builder
.CreateCall(LoopIter
, LoopCountInit
);
453 // Use the return value of the intrinsic to control the entry of the loop.
455 assert((isa
<BranchInst
>(BeginBB
->getTerminator()) &&
456 cast
<BranchInst
>(BeginBB
->getTerminator())->isConditional()) &&
457 "Expected conditional branch");
460 UsePhi
? Builder
.CreateExtractValue(LoopSetup
, 1) : LoopSetup
;
461 auto *LoopGuard
= cast
<BranchInst
>(BeginBB
->getTerminator());
462 LoopGuard
->setCondition(SetCount
);
463 if (LoopGuard
->getSuccessor(0) != L
->getLoopPreheader())
464 LoopGuard
->swapSuccessors();
466 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "HWLoops: Inserted loop counter: " << *LoopSetup
468 if (UsePhi
&& UseLoopGuard
)
469 LoopSetup
= Builder
.CreateExtractValue(LoopSetup
, 0);
470 return !UsePhi
? LoopCountInit
: LoopSetup
;
473 void HardwareLoop::InsertLoopDec() {
474 IRBuilder
<> CondBuilder(ExitBranch
);
477 Intrinsic::getDeclaration(M
, Intrinsic::loop_decrement
,
478 LoopDecrement
->getType());
479 Value
*Ops
[] = { LoopDecrement
};
480 Value
*NewCond
= CondBuilder
.CreateCall(DecFunc
, Ops
);
481 Value
*OldCond
= ExitBranch
->getCondition();
482 ExitBranch
->setCondition(NewCond
);
484 // The false branch must exit the loop.
485 if (!L
->contains(ExitBranch
->getSuccessor(0)))
486 ExitBranch
->swapSuccessors();
488 // The old condition may be dead now, and may have even created a dead PHI
489 // (the original induction variable).
490 RecursivelyDeleteTriviallyDeadInstructions(OldCond
);
492 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "HWLoops: Inserted loop dec: " << *NewCond
<< "\n");
495 Instruction
* HardwareLoop::InsertLoopRegDec(Value
*EltsRem
) {
496 IRBuilder
<> CondBuilder(ExitBranch
);
499 Intrinsic::getDeclaration(M
, Intrinsic::loop_decrement_reg
,
500 { EltsRem
->getType() });
501 Value
*Ops
[] = { EltsRem
, LoopDecrement
};
502 Value
*Call
= CondBuilder
.CreateCall(DecFunc
, Ops
);
504 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "HWLoops: Inserted loop dec: " << *Call
<< "\n");
505 return cast
<Instruction
>(Call
);
508 PHINode
* HardwareLoop::InsertPHICounter(Value
*NumElts
, Value
*EltsRem
) {
509 BasicBlock
*Preheader
= L
->getLoopPreheader();
510 BasicBlock
*Header
= L
->getHeader();
511 BasicBlock
*Latch
= ExitBranch
->getParent();
512 IRBuilder
<> Builder(Header
->getFirstNonPHI());
513 PHINode
*Index
= Builder
.CreatePHI(NumElts
->getType(), 2);
514 Index
->addIncoming(NumElts
, Preheader
);
515 Index
->addIncoming(EltsRem
, Latch
);
516 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "HWLoops: PHI Counter: " << *Index
<< "\n");
520 void HardwareLoop::UpdateBranch(Value
*EltsRem
) {
521 IRBuilder
<> CondBuilder(ExitBranch
);
523 CondBuilder
.CreateICmpNE(EltsRem
, ConstantInt::get(EltsRem
->getType(), 0));
524 Value
*OldCond
= ExitBranch
->getCondition();
525 ExitBranch
->setCondition(NewCond
);
527 // The false branch must exit the loop.
528 if (!L
->contains(ExitBranch
->getSuccessor(0)))
529 ExitBranch
->swapSuccessors();
531 // The old condition may be dead now, and may have even created a dead PHI
532 // (the original induction variable).
533 RecursivelyDeleteTriviallyDeadInstructions(OldCond
);
536 INITIALIZE_PASS_BEGIN(HardwareLoops
, DEBUG_TYPE
, HW_LOOPS_NAME
, false, false)
537 INITIALIZE_PASS_DEPENDENCY(DominatorTreeWrapperPass
)
538 INITIALIZE_PASS_DEPENDENCY(LoopInfoWrapperPass
)
539 INITIALIZE_PASS_DEPENDENCY(ScalarEvolutionWrapperPass
)
540 INITIALIZE_PASS_DEPENDENCY(OptimizationRemarkEmitterWrapperPass
)
541 INITIALIZE_PASS_END(HardwareLoops
, DEBUG_TYPE
, HW_LOOPS_NAME
, false, false)
543 FunctionPass
*llvm::createHardwareLoopsPass() { return new HardwareLoops(); }