5 Clang Plugins make it possible to run extra user defined actions during a
6 compilation. This document will provide a basic walkthrough of how to write and
12 Clang Plugins run FrontendActions over code. See the :doc:`FrontendAction
13 tutorial <RAVFrontendAction>` on how to write a ``FrontendAction`` using the
14 ``RecursiveASTVisitor``. In this tutorial, we'll demonstrate how to write a
17 Writing a ``PluginASTAction``
18 =============================
20 The main difference from writing normal ``FrontendActions`` is that you can
21 handle plugin command line options. The ``PluginASTAction`` base class declares
22 a ``ParseArgs`` method which you have to implement in your plugin.
26 bool ParseArgs(const CompilerInstance &CI,
27 const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
28 for (unsigned i = 0, e = args.size(); i != e; ++i) {
29 if (args[i] == "-some-arg") {
30 // Handle the command line argument.
39 A plugin is loaded from a dynamic library at runtime by the compiler. To
40 register a plugin in a library, use ``FrontendPluginRegistry::Add<>``:
44 static FrontendPluginRegistry::Add<MyPlugin> X("my-plugin-name", "my plugin description");
49 Plugins can also define pragmas by declaring a ``PragmaHandler`` and
50 registering it using ``PragmaHandlerRegistry::Add<>``:
54 // Define a pragma handler for #pragma example_pragma
55 class ExamplePragmaHandler : public PragmaHandler {
57 ExamplePragmaHandler() : PragmaHandler("example_pragma") { }
58 void HandlePragma(Preprocessor &PP, PragmaIntroducer Introducer,
64 static PragmaHandlerRegistry::Add<ExamplePragmaHandler> Y("example_pragma","example pragma description");
69 Plugins can define attributes by declaring a ``ParsedAttrInfo`` and registering
70 it using ``ParsedAttrInfoRegister::Add<>``:
74 class ExampleAttrInfo : public ParsedAttrInfo {
77 Spellings.push_back({ParsedAttr::AS_GNU,"example"});
79 AttrHandling handleDeclAttribute(Sema &S, Decl *D,
80 const ParsedAttr &Attr) const override {
81 // Handle the attribute
82 return AttributeApplied;
86 static ParsedAttrInfoRegistry::Add<ExampleAttrInfo> Z("example_attr","example attribute description");
88 The members of ``ParsedAttrInfo`` that a plugin attribute must define are:
90 * ``Spellings``, which must be populated with every `Spelling
91 </doxygen/structclang_1_1ParsedAttrInfo_1_1Spelling.html>`_ of the
92 attribute, each of which consists of an attribute syntax and how the
93 attribute name is spelled for that syntax. If the syntax allows a scope then
94 the spelling must be "scope::attr" if a scope is present or "::attr" if not.
96 The members of ``ParsedAttrInfo`` that may need to be defined, depending on the
99 * ``NumArgs`` and ``OptArgs``, which set the number of required and optional
100 arguments to the attribute.
101 * ``diagAppertainsToDecl``, which checks if the attribute has been used on the
102 right kind of declaration and issues a diagnostic if not.
103 * ``handleDeclAttribute``, which is the function that applies the attribute to
104 a declaration. It is responsible for checking that the attribute's arguments
105 are valid, and typically applies the attribute by adding an ``Attr`` to the
106 ``Decl``. It returns either ``AttributeApplied``, to indicate that the
107 attribute was successfully applied, or ``AttributeNotApplied`` if it wasn't.
108 * ``diagAppertainsToStmt``, which checks if the attribute has been used on the
109 right kind of statement and issues a diagnostic if not.
110 * ``handleStmtAttribute``, which is the function that applies the attribute to
111 a statement. It is responsible for checking that the attribute's arguments
112 are valid, and typically applies the attribute by adding an ``Attr`` to the
113 ``Stmt``. It returns either ``AttributeApplied``, to indicate that the
114 attribute was successfully applied, or ``AttributeNotApplied`` if it wasn't.
115 * ``diagLangOpts``, which checks if the attribute is permitted for the current
116 language mode and issues a diagnostic if not.
117 * ``existsInTarget``, which checks if the attribute is permitted for the given
120 To see a working example of an attribute plugin, see `the Attribute.cpp example
121 <https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/blob/main/clang/examples/Attribute/Attribute.cpp>`_.
123 Putting it all together
124 =======================
126 Let's look at an example plugin that prints top-level function names. This
127 example is checked into the clang repository; please take a look at
128 the `latest version of PrintFunctionNames.cpp
129 <https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/blob/main/clang/examples/PrintFunctionNames/PrintFunctionNames.cpp>`_.
135 Using the compiler driver
136 --------------------------
138 The Clang driver accepts the `-fplugin` option to load a plugin.
139 Clang plugins can receive arguments from the compiler driver command
140 line via the `fplugin-arg-<plugin name>-<argument>` option. Using this
141 method, the plugin name cannot contain dashes itself, but the argument
142 passed to the plugin can.
145 .. code-block:: console
147 $ export BD=/path/to/build/directory
148 $ make -C $BD CallSuperAttr
149 $ clang++ -fplugin=$BD/lib/CallSuperAttr.so \
150 -fplugin-arg-call_super_plugin-help \
153 If your plugin name contains dashes, either rename the plugin or used the
154 cc1 command line options listed below.
157 Using the cc1 command line
158 --------------------------
160 To run a plugin, the dynamic library containing the plugin registry must be
161 loaded via the `-load` command line option. This will load all plugins
162 that are registered, and you can select the plugins to run by specifying the
163 `-plugin` option. Additional parameters for the plugins can be passed with
164 `-plugin-arg-<plugin-name>`.
166 Note that those options must reach clang's cc1 process. There are two
169 * Directly call the parsing process by using the `-cc1` option; this
170 has the downside of not configuring the default header search paths, so
171 you'll need to specify the full system path configuration on the command
173 * Use clang as usual, but prefix all arguments to the cc1 process with
176 For example, to run the ``print-function-names`` plugin over a source file in
177 clang, first build the plugin, and then call clang with the plugin from the
180 .. code-block:: console
182 $ export BD=/path/to/build/directory
183 $ (cd $BD && make PrintFunctionNames )
184 $ clang++ -D_GNU_SOURCE -D_DEBUG -D__STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS \
185 -D__STDC_FORMAT_MACROS -D__STDC_LIMIT_MACROS -D_GNU_SOURCE \
186 -I$BD/tools/clang/include -Itools/clang/include -I$BD/include -Iinclude \
187 tools/clang/tools/clang-check/ClangCheck.cpp -fsyntax-only \
188 -Xclang -load -Xclang $BD/lib/PrintFunctionNames.so -Xclang \
189 -plugin -Xclang print-fns
191 Also see the print-function-name plugin example's
192 `README <https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/blob/main/clang/examples/PrintFunctionNames/README.txt>`_
195 Using the clang command line
196 ----------------------------
198 Using `-fplugin=plugin` on the clang command line passes the plugin
199 through as an argument to `-load` on the cc1 command line. If the plugin
200 class implements the ``getActionType`` method then the plugin is run
201 automatically. For example, to run the plugin automatically after the main AST
202 action (i.e. the same as using `-add-plugin`):
206 // Automatically run the plugin after the main AST action
207 PluginASTAction::ActionType getActionType() override {
208 return AddAfterMainAction;
211 Interaction with ``-clear-ast-before-backend``
212 ----------------------------------------------
214 To reduce peak memory usage of the compiler, plugins are recommended to run
215 *before* the main action, which is usually code generation. This is because
216 having any plugins that run after the codegen action automatically turns off
217 ``-clear-ast-before-backend``. ``-clear-ast-before-backend`` reduces peak
218 memory by clearing the Clang AST after generating IR and before running IR
219 optimizations. Use ``CmdlineBeforeMainAction`` or ``AddBeforeMainAction`` as
220 ``getActionType`` to run plugins while still benefitting from
221 ``-clear-ast-before-backend``. Plugins must make sure not to modify the AST,
222 otherwise they should run after the main action.