[libc++] Set correct size at the end of growing std::string

[libc++] Set correct size at the end of growing std::string

This commit deprecates `std::basic_string::__grow_by`, which is part of ABIv1. The function is replaced by `std::basic_string:__grow_by_without_replace`, which is not part of ABI.

- The original function `__grow_by` is deprecated because it does not set the string size,  therefore it may not update the size when the size is changed, and it may also not set the size at all when the string was short initially. This leads to unpredictable size value. It is not removed or changed to avoid breaking the ABI.
- The commit adds `_LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI`  guarded by `_LIBCPP_ABI_VERSION >= 2` to `__grow_by`. This allows the function to be used in the dylib in ABIv1 without raising the `[abi:v170000]` error and removes it from future ABIs. `_LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI_AFTER_V1` cannot be used.
- Additionally, `__grow_by` has been removed from `_LIBCPP_STRING_UNSTABLE_EXTERN_TEMPLATE_LIST` in `libcxx/include/__string/extern_template_lists.h`.

This bugfix is necessary to implement string ASan annotations, because it mitigates the problems encountered in D132769.

Reviewed By: ldionne, #libc, philnik

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D148693