v0.5.0

Changelog:

- NMEA:
  - added function `extract_id` to extract the sentence ID from raw NMEA sentence.
  - additional function template added to create and initialize a sentence object.
  - benchmark added for extracting supported manufacturer IDs.
  - benchmark extended for the template function `create_sentence` for all sentences.
  - bug fix in GSA, also changed index of satellite info to zero based.
  - bugs fixed in APB and RMB.
  - changed interface of sentences containing position information.
  - example of Qt application to extract data extended.
  - obsolete TODO removed.
  - Qt example extended.
  - replaced string stream with sto? functions for speedup.
  - resolved minor TODOs.
  - sentence APA added.
  - talker_id and sentence_id separated into their own files.
  - TODO resolved: target status in TLL is now an enumeration.

- AIS:
  - construction of messages exposes smaller interface.
  - initialization of message fields modernized.
  - minor cleanup in message_24.
  - removed duplicate specification of offset and size of data within payload.
  - removed obsolete TODOs.
  - smaller public interface for AIS messages regarding encoding.
  - TODOs resolved, initialization of values in messages 22 and 23.

- Examples:
  - qtnmeadiag extended to show list and clear text information.
  - fix: missing header inclusion. Also minor formatting issues.

- Doc:
  - remove obsolete friend declarations.
  - minor update of examples.

- Build:
  - fix warning hell build for Clang, also fixed scope of.
  - set required C++ standard the CMake way, not as compiler option.

- Dev:
  - added local YCM configuration, using build data extracted by cmake.
  - added script for easy setup of a developer build, just convenience.
  - clang-format configuration compatibility with clang-format-3.7
  - cleanup of prepare scripts, cppcheck suppression extended.
  - printing Qt version for build.