doc/emaxima/EMaximaIntro.tex

   1 %-*-EMaxima-*-
   2 \documentclass{article}
   3 \usepackage[lines]{emaxima}
   4 \usepackage{url}
   5
   6 \newcommand{\emx}{\textsl{\sffamily EMaxima}}
   7 \newcommand{\mx}{\textsl{\sffamily Maxima}}
   8 \newcommand{\hyph}{-\hspace{0pt}}
   9 \newdimen\firstcol
  10 \firstcol=.35\textwidth
  11 \newdimen\secondcol
  12 \secondcol=.65\textwidth
  13
  14 \title{\mx{} and Emacs}
  15 \author{Jay Belanger}
  16 \date{}
  17
  18 \begin{document}
  19
  20 \maketitle
  21
  22 \section{Using \mx{} and Emacs}
  23
  24 Emacs, while nominally a text editor, is an extensible environment for
  25 interacting with text in various ways.  As such, it provides a
  26 convenient interface for many text-based utilities.  For example,
  27 users of Emacs can interact with \mx{} from within their favorite
  28 editor\footnote{Emacs.} in a number of ways.  The most basic way is to
  29 use Emacs as a shell and run a \mx{} process interactively from
  30 within a buffer.  Emacs can interact with this process from other
  31 buffers, and thus interact with the \mx{} process in less
  32 straightforward ways.  Emacs can also be used to write
  33 \mx{} programs.  A special mode is provided which will take
  34 care of syntax highlighting, indentation, etc.  Portions of the
  35 program can also be sent automatically to a \mx{} program.
  36 Finally, text and \mx{} commands can be interweaved in a \mx{}
  37 notebook mode called \emx{}.
  38
  39 \section{Running \mx{} Interactively}
  40
  41 To run \mx{} interactively in a buffer, type \texttt{M-x maxima}.  A
  42 buffer named \texttt{*Maxima*} should start up in which a \mx{}
  43 process is running.%
  44 \footnote{In XEmacs, a double input prompt will sometimes appear in
  45   the \texttt{*Maxima*} buffer.  If this occurs, the customizable
  46   variable \texttt{maxima\hyph{}fix\hyph{}double\hyph{}prompt} can be set to \texttt{t}
  47   to take care of this.}
  48 A history of input commands can be saved across Maxima sessions by
  49 setting the variable \texttt{maxima\hyph{}save\hyph{}input\hyph{}history} to \texttt{t}.
  50 In the \texttt{*Maxima*} buffer, \texttt{RET} will check the line for
  51 balanced parentheses, and send line as input.  \texttt{C-RET} will
  52 send the line as input without checking for balanced parentheses.  A
  53 list of available commands are listed in Appendix \ref{app:intmx}.
  54
  55 If this is the only way that \mx{} is to be used from within Emacs,
  56 then the \textsl{Imaxima} package should be considered.  It allows the
  57 user to work with \mx{} interactively, and produces the output in
  58 visually nice form.  It is available from
  59 \verb+http://memberss3.jcom.home.ne.jp/imaxima/Site/Welcome.html+.
  60
  61 \section{Running \mx{} from arbitrary buffers}
  62
  63 Several commands will access the \mx{} process from outside of the
  64 \texttt{*Maxima*} buffer; these commands are given  convenient key
  65 bindings  with the \mx{} minor mode (which can be started
  66 with \texttt{M-x maxima-minor-mode}), but are available without the
  67 minor mode.  In the following, the minor mode keybindings are given in
  68 parentheses.
  69
  70 The command \texttt{M-x maxima-minibuffer-on-determined-region}
  71 (\texttt{C-c = e}) will send part of the current buffer containing
  72 the point to the \mx{} process and return the result in the
  73 minibuffer.  The region that is sent is the region bounded above and
  74 below by blank lines (although the delimiters can be changed by
  75 changing the regexps \texttt{maxima\hyph{}minor\hyph{}prefix} and
  76 \texttt{maxima\hyph{}minor\hyph{}postfix}).  Given an argument, this command
  77 will also insert the output into the current buffer, after the symbol
  78 \texttt{~==>~}.   (The output indicator \texttt{~==>~} is the value of
  79 the customizable variable \texttt{maxima\hyph{}minor\hyph{}output}.)
  80 When calling
  81 \texttt{maxima\hyph{}minibuffer\hyph{}on\hyph{}determined\hyph{}region} on a region
  82 which already has some output displayed, everything
  83 after the indicator \texttt{~==>~} will be ignored, and, if the new
  84 output is to be inserted, everything after the indicator will be
  85 assumed to be old output and deleted.
  86
  87 The commands \texttt{M-x maxima\hyph{}minibuffer\hyph{}on\hyph{}region} (\texttt{C-c = r}),
  88 \texttt{M-x maxima\hyph{}minibuffer\hyph{}on\hyph{}line} (\texttt{C-c = l}) and
  89 \texttt{M-x maxima\hyph{}minibuffer\hyph{}on\hyph{}form} (\texttt{C-c = f}) work
  90 similarly to \texttt{M-x maxima\hyph{}minibuffer\hyph{}on\hyph{}determined\hyph{}region}, but
  91 send the current region (respectively, the current line, current form%
  92 \footnote{The region between the preceding \texttt{;} or \texttt{\$}
  93   and the subsequent \texttt{;} or \texttt{\$}.})
  94 to \mx{} and display the result in the minibuffer.
  95 Care must be taken when inserting the output into the current buffer
  96 with \texttt{M-x maxima\hyph{}minibuffer\hyph{}on\hyph{}region} or
  97 \texttt{M-x maxima\hyph{}minibuffer\hyph{}on\hyph{}form}, since new output will
  98 be inserted without the old output being deleted.
  99
 100 The command \texttt{M-x maxima\hyph{}minibuffer} (\texttt{C-c = m}) will use
 101 the minibuffer to prompt for an expression to send to a \mx{} process,
 102 and the result will appear in the minibuffer%
 103 \footnote{In GNU Emacs, the output will be in 2D form if the
 104 customizable variable \texttt{maxima\hyph{}minibuffer\hyph{}2d} is non-nil.  Since
 105 XEmacs does not have a resizable minibuffer, this cannot be done in
 106 XEmacs.}.
 107 You can scroll through previous minibuffer inputs using the arrow keys.
 108
 109 The latest \mx{} output (whether from a minibuffer command or not) can
 110 be placed in the current buffer with the command
 111 \texttt{M-x maxima\hyph{}insert\hyph{}last\hyph{}output} (\texttt{C-c = o}).%
 112 \footnote{If the output is 2D, this won't look nice.}
 113 The command \texttt{M-x maxima\hyph{}insert\hyph{}last\hyph{}output\hyph{}tex} (\texttt{C-c = t})
 114 will insert the last output in \TeX{} form.
 115
 116 \section{\mx{} mode}
 117
 118 \mx{} mode is a major mode for writing \mx{} code.  While in this
 119 mode, Emacs provides commands for moving around in the code, syntax
 120 highlighting, indenting lines to an appropriate level, sending
 121 portions of the code to a \mx{} process, and providing help on \mx{}
 122 commands.  A list of available commands is in Appendix
 123 \ref{app:mxmode}.
 124
 125 When something is sent to a \mx{} process, the \texttt{*Maxima*}
 126 buffer will
 127 appear.  (If a \mx{} process is not running, one will be started.)  It
 128 can also be made to appear by using the command \texttt{C-c C-p}.  If
 129 an argument is given to a command to send information to \mx{}, the
 130 region will first be checked to make sure the parentheses are
 131 balanced.  The Maxima process can be killed, after asking for
 132 confirmation, with \texttt{C-c C-k}.  To kill without confirmation, give
 133 \texttt{C-c C-k} an argument.
 134
 135 By default, a newline will be indented to the same level as the
 136 previous line, with an additional space added for open parentheses.  A
 137 tab will add extra spaces, by default, this is 2.  The behaviour of
 138 the automatic indentation can be changed by the command
 139 \texttt{M-x maxima\hyph{}change\hyph{}indent\hyph{}style}.  The possibilities are
 140 \texttt{'standard}, as above, and \texttt{'perhaps\hyph{}smart}, which tries
 141 to guess an appropriate indentation, based on open parentheses, ``do''
 142 loops, etc.
 143
 144 A \texttt{RET} will, by default, insert a new line, and indent the new
 145 line an appropriate amount.  This behavior can be changed by setting
 146 the value of
 147 \texttt{maxima\hyph{}return\hyph{}style}, the self-explanatory options are
 148 \texttt{'newline},
 149  \texttt{'newline\hyph{}and\hyph{}indent}, and
 150 \texttt{'reindent\hyph{}then\hyph{}newline\hyph{}and\hyph{}indent}.  (Note that standard Emacs
 151 behavior is to let \texttt{RET} only insert a newline, and
 152 \texttt{LFD} or \texttt{C-j} insert a newline and indent it.)
 153
 154 The indentation style, as well as many other things, are customizable;
 155 see Appendix \ref{app:custmxmode}.
 156
 157 To help writing \mx{} code in \texttt{Noweb},
 158 \texttt{maxima\hyph{}noweb\hyph{}mode} is a modification of \texttt{maxima\hyph{}mode}
 159 that will work nicely with \texttt{noweb\hyph{}mode}; namely, it will limit
 160 any relevant searches to the current chunk and treat
 161 \texttt{<<\ldots>>} as word parts.
 162
 163 \section{\emx}
 164
 165 \emx{} is a major mode for Emacs that allows the user to write
 166 documents while interacting with \mx.  It is based on Dan Dill's
 167 \TeX{}/\textit{Mathematica} package\footnote{\TeX/\textit{Mathematica}
 168   is available from \url{ftp://chem.bu.edu/pub/tex-mathematica-2.0}.},
 169 and uses a modified version of William Schelter's \texttt{maxima.el}.
 170 While the \mx{} mode provided by \texttt{maxima.el} is designed to
 171 help write \mx{} programs, \emx{} is designed to help write documents
 172 that include \mx{} code.  \emx{} is an extension of the \LaTeX{} mode
 173 provided by AUC\TeX{}\footnote{This can be configured so that \emx{}
 174   extends the standard \TeX{} mode provided by Emacs, or just text
 175   mode.}, and so has the \LaTeX{} mode commands available.  The
 176 resulting document can be processed by \LaTeX{}; this requires putting
 177 \begin{verbatim}
 178 \usepackage{emaxima}
 179 \end{verbatim}
 180 \noindent
 181 in the preamble.
 182
 183 \subsection{Cells}
 184
 185 The basic unit of \mx{} code in \emx{} is a \textbf{cell}.  A cell
 186 consists of text between the delimiters
 187 \begin{verbatim}
 188 \begin{maxima}
 189 \end{verbatim}
 190 \noindent
 191 and
 192 \begin{verbatim}
 193 \end{maxima}
 194 \end{verbatim}
 195 \noindent
 196 A cell can be created by typing \texttt{C-c C-o}.  (The \texttt{C-o} in this
 197 case stands for \textbf{o}pening a cell.)  The delimiters will then be
 198 placed in the buffer, and the point will be placed between them.
 199
 200 When working with several cells, you can jump between them by using
 201 \texttt{C-c +} to go to the next cell and \texttt{C-c -} to go to the
 202 previous cell.
 203
 204 \subsection{Evaluating cells}
 205
 206 \noindent
 207 To evaluate the contents of a cell, the command
 208 \texttt{C-c C-u c} (\texttt{emaxima\hyph{}update\hyph{}cell})\footnote{Sending the
 209   cells contents to a \mx{} process and returning the results is
 210   called \textbf{updating} the cell, the prefix
 211 \texttt{C-c C-u} will be used to update cells in different ways.}
 212 will send the contents
 213 of the cell to a \mx{} process (if there is no \mx{} process running,
 214 one will be started) and return the results to the cell,
 215 separated from the input by the marker
 216 \begin{verbatim}
 217 \maximaoutput
 218 \end{verbatim}
 219 \noindent
 220 To differentiate
 221 $\sin(x^2)$, for example, type
 222 \texttt{diff(sin(x\^{}2),x);} in a cell:
 223 \begin{verbatim}
 224 \begin{maxima}
 225 diff(sin(x^2),x);
 226 \end{maxima}
 227 \end{verbatim}
 228 \noindent
 229 After typing \texttt{C-c C-u c}, it will look like
 230 \begin{verbatim}
 231 \begin{maxima}
 232 diff(sin(x^2),x);
 233 \maximaoutput
 234                                            2
 235                                   2 x cos(x )
 236 \end{maxima}
 237 \end{verbatim}
 238 \noindent
 239 To delete the output and return the cell to its original form, you can
 240 use the command \texttt{C-c C-d}.
 241 If the document is to be \TeX{}ed, the above cell will look like:
 242 \newpage
 243 \begin{maxima}
 244 diff(sin(x^2),x);
 245 \end{maxima}
 246 and the cell with output will look like:
 247 \begin{maxima}
 248 diff(sin(x^2),x);
 249 \maximaoutput
 250                                            2
 251                                   2 x cos(x )
 252 \end{maxima}
 253
 254 \emx{} mode can take advantage of the fact that \mx{} can give its
 255 output in \LaTeX{} form.  The command \texttt{C-c C-u C}
 256 works the same as \texttt{C-c C-u c}, except now the output is in \LaTeX{}
 257 form, ready to be formatted by \LaTeX{}.  In general, if
 258 \texttt{C-c C-u }\textsl{letter} returns \mx{} output, then
 259 \texttt{C-c C-u }\textsl{capital letter} will return the output in
 260 \TeX{} form.  The above cell would become
 261 \begin{verbatim}
 262 \begin{maxima}
 263 diff(sin(x^2),x);
 264 \maximaoutput*
 265 \m  2\,x\,\cos x^2 \\
 266 \end{maxima}
 267 \end{verbatim}
 268 \noindent
 269 which, when \LaTeX{}ed, would become
 270 \begin{maxima}
 271 diff(sin(x^2),x);
 272 \maximaoutput*
 273 \m  2\,x\,\cos x^2 \\
 274 \end{maxima}
 275 \noindent
 276 (Note that whenever a cell is updated, any old output is discarded and
 277 replaced with new output.)  The command \texttt{C-c C-u a} will update all
 278 of the cells in your document,
 279 stopping at each one to ask if you indeed want it updated.  Given an
 280 argument, \texttt{C-u C-c C-u a}, it will update all of the cells in your
 281 document without asking.  The command \texttt{C-c C-u A} behaves
 282 similarly, except now all the output is returned in \LaTeX{}  form.
 283
 284 \subsection{Referencing Other Cells}
 285
 286 \noindent
 287 Instead of \mx{} code, a cell can contain a reference to another cell,
 288 and when the original cell is sent to \mx{}, the reference is replaced
 289 by the referenced cell's contents (but only in the \mx{} process
 290 buffer, the cell's
 291 content in the document's buffer is not changed).  In order to do
 292 this, the original cell must be marked by having a label of the form
 293 \texttt{<}\textsl{filename}\texttt{:}\textsl{cell label}\texttt{>}.
 294 (The reason for the \textsl{filename} will become apparent later, and
 295 \textsl{cell label} is optional for the referencing cell.)
 296 The referenced cell must also be labeled, with the same
 297 \textsl{filename} but a unique \textsl{cell label}.  To reference the
 298 other cell, the original cell need only contain the marker for the
 299 referenced cell.  For example, given cell 1:
 300 \begin{verbatim}
 301 \begin{maxima}[filename:optional]
 302 <filename:definef>
 303 diff(f(x),x);
 304 \end{maxima}
 305 \end{verbatim}
 306 \noindent
 307 and cell 2:
 308 \begin{verbatim}
 309 \begin{maxima}[filename:definef]
 310 f(x):=sin(x^2);
 311 \end{maxima}
 312 \end{verbatim}
 313 \noindent
 314 then the result of updating cell 1 (\texttt{C-c C-u c}) will be:
 315 \begin{verbatim}
 316 \begin{maxima}[filename:optional]
 317 <filename:definef>
 318 diff(f(x),x);
 319 \maximaoutput
 320
 321                                              2
 322                                 f(x) := sin(x )
 323
 324                                            2
 325                                   2 x cos(x )
 326 \end{maxima}
 327 \end{verbatim}
 328 \noindent
 329 When \LaTeX{}ed, the top line will contain a copy of the marker.
 330
 331 \begin{maxima}[filename:optional]
 332 <filename:definef>
 333 diff(f(x),x);
 334 \maximaoutput
 335
 336                                              2
 337                                 f(x) := sin(x )
 338
 339                                            2
 340                                   2 x cos(x )
 341 \end{maxima}
 342
 343 A cell can contain more than one reference, and referenced cells can
 344 themselves contain references.
 345
 346 To aid in labelling the cells, the command \texttt{C-c C-x}
 347 will prompt for a label name and label the
 348 cell.  To aid in calling references, the command \texttt{C-c C-TAB}
 349 can be used for completing the
 350 the \textsl{filename} and \textsl{cell label} parts of a reference,
 351 based on the current labels.
 352 Another option is to set the Emacs variable
 353 \texttt{emaxima\hyph{}abbreviations\hyph{}allowed} to \texttt{t}, say, by putting
 354 the line
 355 \begin{verbatim}
 356 (setq emaxima-abbreviations-allowed t)
 357 \end{verbatim}
 358 \noindent
 359 in your \texttt{.emacs} file.  This will allow the \textsl{filename}
 360 and \textsl{cell label} parts of a reference to be abbreviated by enough
 361 of a prefix to uniquely identify it, followed by ellipses
 362 \texttt{...}
 363 For example, if there are cells labelled
 364 \begin{verbatim}
 365 [filename:long description]
 366 [filename:lengthy description]
 367 \end{verbatim}
 368 \noindent
 369 Then the reference
 370 \begin{verbatim}
 371 <...:le...>
 372 \end{verbatim}
 373 \noindent
 374 will suffice to refer to the second label above.
 375
 376 If you want the references in a cell to be replaced by the actual
 377 code, the command \texttt{C-c @} will expand all the
 378 references and put the code into a separate buffer (so it will not
 379 affect the original document).
 380
 381 \subsection{WEB}
 382
 383 \noindent
 384 The reason for the ability to reference other cells is so that you can
 385 write what Donald Knuth calls literate programs.  The idea is that the
 386 program is written in a form natural to the author rather than natural
 387 to the computer.  (Another aspect of Knuth's system is that the code
 388 is carefully documented, hence the name ``literate programming'', but
 389 that is done naturally in \emx{}.)  Knuth called his original
 390 literate programming tool \texttt{WEB}, since, as he puts it,
 391 ``the structure of a software program may be thought of as a web that
 392 is made up of many interconnected pieces.''
 393 \emx{}'s ability in this respect is taken directly from
 394 \TeX{}/\textit{Mathematica}, and is ultimately based on
 395 \texttt{WEB}. To create a
 396 program, the ``base cell'' or ``package cell'' should contain
 397 a label of the form \texttt{[}\textsl{filename}\texttt{:]}
 398 (no cell label), and can
 399 contain references of the form
 400 \texttt{<}\textsl{filename}\texttt{:}\textsl{part}\texttt{>}
 401 (same file name as the base cell).
 402
 403 As a simple (and rather silly) example, suppose we want to create a
 404 program to sum the first $n$ squares.  We could start:
 405 \begin{verbatim}
 406 \begin{maxima}[squaresum.max:]
 407 squaresum(n) := (
 408   <squaresum.max:makelist>
 409   <squaresum.max:squarelist>
 410   <squaresum.max:addlist>
 411   );
 412 \end{maxima}
 413 \end{verbatim}
 414 \noindent
 415 We would then need cells
 416 \begin{verbatim}
 417 \begin{maxima}[squaresum.max:makelist],
 418 L:makelist(k,k,1,n),
 419 \end{maxima}
 420
 421 \begin{maxima}[squaresum.max:squarelist]
 422 <squaresum.max:definesquare>
 423 L:map(square,L),
 424 \end{maxima}
 425
 426 \begin{maxima}[squaresum.max:addlist]
 427 lsum(k,k,L)
 428 \end{maxima}
 429 \end{verbatim}
 430 \noindent
 431 and then we would also need:
 432 \begin{verbatim}
 433 \begin{maxima}[squaresum.max:definesquare]
 434 square(k) := k^2,
 435 \end{maxima}
 436 \end{verbatim}
 437 \noindent
 438 When \TeX{}ed, the header of the cell will say that it determines the
 439 file \texttt{squaresum.mu}.
 440 \begin{maxima}[squaresum.max:]
 441 squaresum(n) := (
 442   <squaresum.max:makelist>
 443   <squaresum.max:squarelist>
 444   <squaresum.max:addlist>
 445   );
 446 \end{maxima}
 447
 448 The command
 449 \texttt{C-u C-c @} will put all the pieces
 450 together in the file it determines.  The resulting file, in this case,
 451 will be \texttt{squaresum.max} and will look like:
 452 \begin{verbatim}
 453 squaresum(n) := (
 454   L:makelist(k,k,1,n),
 455   square(k) := k^2,
 456   L:map(square,L),
 457   lsum(k,k,L)
 458   );
 459 \end{verbatim}
 460 \noindent
 461 (Although the idea is that only the computer need look at this file.)
 462
 463 \subsection{Other types of cells}
 464
 465 \noindent
 466 When a cell is \TeX{}ed, the input and output are kept separate.  To
 467 have the results look like a \mx{} session, there are, in addition to
 468 the standard cells, special cells called \emph{session cells}.   A
 469 session cell is delimited by
 470 \begin{verbatim}
 471 \begin{maximasession}
 472 \end{verbatim}
 473 \noindent
 474 and
 475 \begin{verbatim}
 476 \end{maximasession}
 477 \end{verbatim}
 478 \noindent
 479 The command \texttt{C-c C-a} will create a session cell.  When a
 480 session cell is updated, the portion of the cell after the
 481 \verb+\maximaoutput+  will contain both the input and the output,
 482 with the \mx{} prompts.  For example, if the session cell
 483 \begin{verbatim}
 484 \begin{maximasession}
 485 diff(sin(x),x);
 486 integrate(cos(x),x);
 487 \end{maximasession}
 488 \end{verbatim}
 489 \noindent
 490 were updated, the result would look like
 491 \begin{verbatim}
 492 \begin{maximasession}
 493 diff(sin(x),x);
 494 integrate(cos(x),x);
 495 \maximaoutput
 496 (%i1) diff(sin(x),x);
 497
 498
 499 (%o1)                               cos(x)
 500 (%i2) integrate(cos(x),x);
 501
 502
 503 (%o2)                               sin(x)
 504 \end{maximasession}
 505 \end{verbatim}
 506 \noindent
 507 which, when \TeX{}ed, would look like
 508 \begin{maximasession}
 509 diff(sin(x),x);
 510 integrate(cos(x),x);
 511 \maximaoutput
 512 (%i1) diff(sin(x),x);
 513
 514
 515 (%o1)                               cos(x)
 516 (%i2) integrate(cos(x),x);
 517
 518
 519 (%o2)                               sin(x)
 520 \end{maximasession}
 521 \noindent
 522 If it is updated in \TeX{} form, it will look like
 523 \begin{verbatim}
 524 \begin{maximasession}
 525 diff(sin(x),x);
 526 integrate(cos(x),x);
 527 \maximaoutput*
 528 \i5.  diff(sin(x),x); \\
 529 \o5.  \cos x \\
 530 \i6.  integrate(cos(x),x); \\
 531 \o6.  \sin x \\
 532 \end{maximasession}
 533 \end{verbatim}
 534 \noindent
 535 which, when \TeX{}ed, will look like
 536 \begin{maximasession}
 537 diff(sin(x),x);
 538 integrate(cos(x),x);
 539 \maximaoutput*
 540 \i5.  diff(sin(x),x); \\
 541 \o5.  \cos x \\
 542 \i6.  integrate(cos(x),x); \\
 543 \o6.  \sin x \\
 544 \end{maximasession}
 545
 546 % For particularly long output lines inside the \verb+\maximaoutput*+
 547 % part of a session cell, the command \verb+\DD+ will typeset anything
 548 % between the command and \verb+\\+.  Unfortunately, to take advantage
 549 % of this, the output has to be broken up by hand.
 550 % If a session cell has not been updated, or has no output for some
 551 % other reason, it will not appear when the document is \TeX{}ed.
 552
 553 If a cell is \emph{starred}, that is, if the environment ends with an
 554 asterisk, then the output will not appear in the \TeX{}ed output.
 555 The star can be toggled with \texttt{C-c C-n}.
 556
 557 If the command to create one type of cell is called while inside
 558 another type of cell, the type of cell will be changed.  So, for
 559 example, the command \texttt{C-c C-a} from inside the cell
 560 \begin{verbatim}
 561 \begin{maxima}
 562 diff(x*sin(x),x);
 563 \end{maxima}
 564 \end{verbatim}
 565 \noindent
 566 will result in
 567 \begin{verbatim}
 568 \begin{maximasession}
 569 diff(x*sin(x),x);
 570 \end{maximasession}
 571 \end{verbatim}
 572 \noindent
 573 If a standard cell is a package part, its type cannot be changed.
 574
 575 \subsection{\emx{} and \texttt{Preview-LaTeX}}
 576
 577 For users of \texttt{preview-latex}, the \emx{} cells can be
 578 previewed.\footnote{Currently, this only works in GNU Emacs.}
 579 This requires using the \texttt{preview} option to the
 580 \texttt{emaxima} package; i.e., putting
 581 \begin{verbatim}
 582 \usepackage[preview]{emaxima}
 583 \end{verbatim}
 584 in the preamble.
 585 The cells will be un-previewed whenever they are updated.
 586 If the customizable variable \texttt{emaxima\hyph{}preview\hyph{}after\hyph{}update\hyph{}all}
 587 is non-nil, then the buffer will be re-previewed whenever an
 588 update-all command is called.
 589
 590
 591 \subsection{Miscellaneous}
 592
 593 \noindent
 594 Some \mx{} commands can be used even outside of cells.  The command
 595 \texttt{C-c C-u l} send the current line to a
 596 \mx{} process, comment out the current line, and insert the \mx{}
 597 output in the current buffer.  The command
 598 \texttt{C-c C-u L} will do the same, but
 599 return the result in \LaTeX{} form.
 600
 601 The command \texttt{C-c C-h} will provide
 602 information on a prompted for function (like \mx's \texttt{describe}),
 603 and  \texttt{C-c C-i} will give the \mx{} info manual.
 604
 605 Finally, the \mx{} process can be killed with \texttt{C-c C-k}.
 606
 607 A list of the commands for \emx{} are in Appendix \ref{app:emx}, and
 608 the customizability options are in Appendix \ref{app:custemx}.
 609
 610 \newpage
 611 \appendix
 612
 613 \section{Installation}
 614
 615 To run \mx{} interactively or use \mx{} mode or minor mode, the files
 616 \texttt{maxima.el} and \texttt{maxima\hyph{}font\hyph{}lock.el} need to be
 617 somewhere in the Emacs load path.  To be able to automatically run
 618 \mx{} or use \mx{} mode or minor mode, add the lines\\
 619 \begin{verbatim}
 620 (autoload 'maxima "maxima" "Run Maxima interactively" t)
 621 (autoload 'maxima-mode "maxima" "Major mode for writing Maxima programs" t)
 622 (autoload 'maxima-minor-mode "maxima" "Minor mode for working with Maxima" t)
 623
 624 \end{verbatim}
 625 \noindent
 626 in your \texttt{.emacs} file.
 627 To ensure that files ending in \texttt{.max} start up in \mx{} mode,
 628 add the line
 629 \begin{verbatim}
 630 (setq auto-mode-alist (cons '("\\.max" . maxima-mode) auto-mode-alist))
 631 \end{verbatim}
 632 to \texttt{.emacs}.
 633
 634 For the \emx{} package, in addition to the above files, the files
 635 \texttt{emaxima.el} and \texttt{emaxima.lisp} need to be somewhere in
 636 the Emacs load path\footnote{If Emacs cannot find
 637   \texttt{emaxima.lisp}, then the \TeX{} output functions will not
 638   work, any attempts to get \TeX{} output will result in an error.},
 639   and if you want to run \LaTeX{} on the resulting document,
 640 \texttt{emaxima.sty} and \texttt{maxima.sty} need to be in the \TeX{}
 641 inputs path.  If you use pdflatex, you'll also need \texttt{pdfcolmk.sty}.
 642
 643 To make sure that \texttt{emaxima.el} is loaded when necessary, the line
 644 \begin{verbatim}
 645 (autoload 'emaxima-mode "emaxima" "EMaxima" t)
 646 \end{verbatim}
 647 \noindent
 648 can be inserted into your \texttt{.emacs} file.  Then typing
 649 \texttt{M-x emaxima\hyph{}mode} will start \emx{} mode.  The command
 650 \texttt{M-x emaxima\hyph{}mark\hyph{}file\hyph{}as\hyph{}emaxima} will put the line
 651 \begin{verbatim}
 652 %-*-EMaxima-*-
 653 \end{verbatim}
 654 \noindent
 655 at the beginning of the file, if it isn't there already, and will ensure
 656 that the next time the file is opened, it will be in \texttt{emaxima\hyph{}mode}.
 657 This can be done automatically everytime a file is put in
 658 \texttt{emaxima\hyph{}mode} by putting the line
 659 \begin{verbatim}
 660 (add-hook 'emaxima-mode-hook 'emaxima-mark-file-as-emaxima)
 661 \end{verbatim}
 662 \noindent
 663 somewhere in your \texttt{.emacs} file.
 664
 665
 666 \section{\mx{} help commands}
 667
 668 The following commands can be used in any Maxima related buffer.  (For
 669 Maxima minor mode, replace \texttt{C-c C-d} with \texttt{C-= d}.)
 670
 671 \smallskip
 672
 673 \noindent
 674 \begin{tabular}{p{\firstcol}p{\secondcol}}
 675 \hline
 676 \textbf{Key} & \textbf{Description}\\
 677 \hline
 678 \texttt{C-c C-d h}
 679 %& \texttt{maxima-help}
 680 & Get help on a (prompted for) subject.\\
 681 \texttt{C-c C-d d} \\
 682 \texttt{C-c C-d C-d}
 683 %& \texttt{maxima-apropos}
 684 & Get help with the symbol under point.\\
 685 \texttt{C-c C-d a}\\
 686 \texttt{C-c C-d a} & Apropos.\\
 687 \texttt{C-c C-d p}\\
 688 \texttt{C-c C-d C-p} & Get apropos with the symbol under point.\\
 689 \texttt{C-c C-d m}\\
 690 \texttt{C-c C-d C-m}\\
 691 \texttt{C-c C-d i}\\
 692 \texttt{C-c C-d C-i} & Read the Maxima info manual.
 693 \end{tabular}
 694
 695 \section{Interactive \mx{} commands}
 696 \label{app:intmx}
 697
 698 \smallskip
 699
 700 \begin{tabular}{p{\firstcol}p{\secondcol}}
 701 \hline
 702 \textbf{Key} & \textbf{Description}\\
 703 \hline
 704 \texttt{M-TAB} & Complete the Maxima symbol as much as possible, providing
 705      a completion buffer if there is more than one possible
 706      completion.\\
 707 \texttt{C-M-TAB} & Complete the input line, based on previous input lines.\\
 708 \texttt{C-c C-k} & Kill the process and the buffer, after asking for
 709   confirmation.  To kill without confirmation, give \texttt{C-c C-k} an
 710   argument.\\
 711 \texttt{M-p} & Bring the previous input to the current prompt.\\
 712 \texttt{M-n} & Bring the next input to the prompt.\\
 713 \texttt{M-r} & Bring the previous input matching
 714   a regular expression to the prompt.\\
 715 \texttt{M-s} & Bring the next input matching
 716   a regular expression to the prompt.
 717 \end{tabular}
 718
 719 \section{\mx{} minor mode commands}
 720 \label{app:intmxmin}
 721
 722 \smallskip
 723
 724 \begin{tabular}{p{\firstcol}p{\secondcol}}
 725 \hline
 726 \textbf{Key} & \textbf{Description}\\
 727 \hline
 728 \texttt{C-c=e} & Run Maxima on the region between
 729 \texttt{maxima\hyph{}minor\hyph{}prefix} and \texttt{maxima\hyph{}minor\hyph{}postfix}.  By
 730 default, these are blank lines.\\
 731 \texttt{C-c=r} & Run Maxima on the current region. \\
 732 \texttt{C-c=l} & Run Maxima on the current line.\\
 733 \texttt{C-c=f} & Run Maxima on the current form.\\
 734 \texttt{C-c=m} & Prompt for Maxima input in the minibuffer.\\
 735 \texttt{C-c=o} & Insert the last Maxima output in the current
 736 buffer.\\
 737 \texttt{C-c=t} & Insert the last Maxima output in \TeX{} form in the
 738 current buffer.
 739 \end{tabular}
 740
 741
 742 \section{\mx{} mode commands}
 743 \label{app:mxmode}
 744
 745 \smallskip
 746
 747 \noindent
 748 \textbf{Motion}
 749
 750 \smallskip
 751
 752 \noindent
 753 \begin{tabular}{p{\firstcol}p{\secondcol}}
 754 \hline
 755 \textbf{Key} & \textbf{Description}\\
 756 \hline
 757 \texttt{M-C-a} & Go to the beginning of the form.\\
 758 \texttt{M-C-e} & Go to the end of the form.\\
 759 \texttt{M-C-b} & Go to the beginning of the sexp.\\
 760 \texttt{M-C-f} & Go to the end of the sexp.
 761 \end{tabular}
 762
 763 \smallskip
 764
 765 \noindent
 766 \textbf{Process}
 767
 768 \smallskip
 769
 770 \noindent
 771 \begin{tabular}{p{\firstcol}p{\secondcol}}
 772 \hline
 773 \textbf{Key} & \textbf{Description}\\
 774 \hline
 775 \texttt{C-c C-p} & Start a \mx{} process.\\
 776 \texttt{C-c C-r} & Send the region to the \mx{} process.\\
 777 \texttt{C-c C-b} & Send the buffer to the \mx{} process.\\
 778 \texttt{C-c C-c} & Send the line to the \mx{} process.\\
 779 \texttt{C-c C-e} & Send the form to the \mx{} process.\\
 780 \texttt{C-c C-k} & Kill the \mx{} process.\\
 781 \texttt{C-c C-p} & Display the \mx{} buffer.
 782 \end{tabular}
 783
 784 \smallskip
 785
 786 \noindent
 787 \textbf{Completion}
 788
 789 \smallskip
 790
 791 \noindent
 792 \begin{tabular}{p{\firstcol}p{\secondcol}}
 793 \hline
 794 \textbf{Key} & \textbf{Description}\\
 795 \hline
 796 \texttt{M-TAB} & Complete the \mx{} symbol.\\
 797 \end{tabular}
 798
 799 %\smallskip
 800 \newpage
 801
 802 \noindent
 803 \textbf{Comments}
 804
 805 \smallskip
 806
 807 \noindent
 808 \begin{tabular}{p{\firstcol}p{\secondcol}}
 809 \hline
 810 \textbf{Key} & \textbf{Description}\\
 811 \hline
 812 \texttt{C-c ;} & Comment the region.\\
 813 \texttt{C-c :} & Uncomment the region.\\
 814 \texttt{M-;} & Insert a short comment.\\
 815 \texttt{C-c *} & Insert a comment environment.
 816 \end{tabular}
 817
 818
 819 \smallskip
 820
 821 \noindent
 822 \textbf{Indentation}
 823
 824 \smallskip
 825
 826 \noindent
 827 \begin{tabular}{p{\firstcol}p{\secondcol}}
 828 \hline
 829 \textbf{Key} & \textbf{Description}\\
 830 \hline
 831 \texttt{TAB} & Indent line.\\
 832 \texttt{M-C-q} & Indent form.
 833 \end{tabular}
 834
 835
 836 \smallskip
 837
 838 \noindent
 839 \textbf{Miscellaneous}
 840
 841 \smallskip
 842
 843 \noindent
 844 \begin{tabular}{p{\firstcol}p{\secondcol}}
 845 \hline
 846 \textbf{Key} & \textbf{Description}\\
 847 \hline
 848 \texttt{M-h} & Mark the form.\\
 849 \texttt{C-c )} & Check the region for balanced parentheses.\\
 850 \texttt{C-c C-)} & Check the form for balanced parentheses.
 851 \end{tabular}
 852
 853 \section{\emx{} mode commands}
 854 \label{app:emx}
 855
 856 \noindent
 857 \begin{tabular}{p{\firstcol}p{\secondcol}}
 858 \hline
 859 \textbf{Key} & \textbf{Description}\\
 860 \hline
 861 \texttt{C-c C-o} & Create a (standard) cell.\\
 862 \texttt{C-c C-a} & Create a session cell.\\
 863 \texttt{C-c C-n} & Toggle starred cells.\\
 864 \texttt{C-c +} & Go the the next cell.\\
 865 \texttt{C-c -} & Go to the previous cell.\\
 866 \texttt{C-c C-u a} &
 867 Update all of the cells.  With an argument, don't ask before updating.\\
 868 \texttt{C-c C-u A}
 869 & Update all of the cells in \TeX{} form. With an argument don't ask
 870 before updating.\\
 871 \texttt{C-c C-u s}
 872 & Update all of the session cells in \TeX{} form.  With an
 873 argument, don't ask before updating.
 874 \end{tabular}
 875
 876 %\smallskip
 877 \newpage
 878
 879 \noindent
 880 \textbf{Commands only available in cells.}
 881
 882 \smallskip
 883
 884 \noindent
 885 \begin{tabular}{p{\firstcol}p{\secondcol}}
 886 \hline
 887 \textbf{Key} & \textbf{Description}\\
 888 \hline
 889 \texttt{C-c C-v}
 890 %& \texttt{emaxima-send-cell}
 891 & Send the current cell to the \mx{} process.\\
 892 \texttt{C-c C-u c}
 893 %& \texttt{emaxima-update-cell}
 894 & Update the current cell.\\
 895 \texttt{C-c C-u C}
 896 %& \texttt{emaxima-tex-update-cell}
 897 & Update the current cell in \TeX{} form.\\
 898 \texttt{C-c C-d}
 899 %& \texttt{emaxima-delete-output}
 900 & Delete the output from the current cell.\\
 901 \texttt{C-c C-x}
 902 %& \texttt{emaxima-package-part}
 903 & Insert a heading for the cell indicating that it's part of a
 904 package. \\
 905 \texttt{C-c @}
 906 %& \texttt{emaxima-assemble}
 907 & Assemble the references contained in the cell.  With an argument,
 908 assemble the package that the cell defines.\\
 909 \texttt{C-c C-\texttt{TAB}}
 910 %& \texttt{emaxima-insert-complete-name}
 911 & Complete a reference within a cell.
 912 \end{tabular}
 913
 914 \smallskip
 915
 916 \noindent
 917 \textbf{Commands only available outside of cells.}
 918
 919 \smallskip
 920
 921 \noindent
 922 \begin{tabular}{p{\firstcol}p{\secondcol}}
 923 \hline
 924 \textbf{Key} & \textbf{Description}\\
 925 \hline
 926 \texttt{C-c C-u l}
 927 %& \texttt{emaxima-replace-line}
 928 & Send the current line to \mx{}, and replace the line with the
 929 \mx{} output.\\
 930 \texttt{C-c C-u L}
 931 %& \texttt{emaxima-replace-line-with-tex}
 932 & Send the current line to \mx{}, and replace the line with the
 933 \mx{} output in \TeX{} form.
 934 \end{tabular}
 935
 936
 937 \section{AUC\TeX{} commands}
 938
 939 \smallskip
 940
 941 \noindent
 942 \textbf{Inserting commands}
 943
 944 \smallskip
 945
 946 \noindent
 947 \begin{tabular}{p{\firstcol}p{\secondcol}}
 948 \hline
 949 \textbf{Key} & \textbf{Description}\\
 950 \hline
 951 \texttt{C-c C-e}
 952 & Insert an environment.\\
 953 \texttt{C-c C-s}
 954 & Insert a section.\\
 955 \texttt{C-c ]}
 956 & Close an environment.\\
 957 \texttt{C-c C-j}
 958 & Insert an item into a list.\\
 959 \texttt{"}
 960 & Smart quote.\\
 961 \texttt{\$}
 962 & Smart dollar sign.\\
 963 \texttt{C-c @}
 964 & Insert double brace.\\
 965 \texttt{C-c C-m}
 966 & Insert \TeX{} macro.\\
 967 \texttt{M-TAB}
 968 & Complete \TeX{} macro.\\
 969 \end{tabular}
 970
 971 \smallskip
 972
 973 \noindent
 974 \textbf{Formatting}
 975
 976 \smallskip
 977
 978 \noindent
 979 \begin{tabular}{p{\firstcol}p{\secondcol}}
 980 \hline
 981 \textbf{Key} & \textbf{Description}\\
 982 \hline
 983 \texttt{C-c C-q C-r}
 984 & Format region.\\
 985 \texttt{C-c C-q C-s}
 986 & Format section.\\
 987 \texttt{C-c C-q C-e}
 988 & Format environment.\\
 989 \texttt{C-c .}
 990 & Mark an environment.\\
 991 \texttt{C-c *}
 992 & Mark a section.
 993 \end{tabular}
 994
 995 %\smallskip
 996 \newpage
 997
 998 \noindent
 999 \textbf{Commenting}
1000
1001 \smallskip
1002
1003 \noindent
1004 \begin{tabular}{p{\firstcol}p{\secondcol}}
1005 \hline
1006 \textbf{Key} & \textbf{Description}\\
1007 \hline
1008 \texttt{C-c ;}
1009 & Comment a region.\\
1010 \texttt{C-u C-c ;}
1011 & Uncomment a region.\\
1012 \texttt{C-c \%}
1013 & Comment a paragraph.\\
1014 \texttt{C-u C-c \%}
1015 & Uncomment a paragraph.
1016 \end{tabular}
1017
1018 \smallskip
1019
1020 \noindent
1021 \textbf{Font selection}
1022
1023 \smallskip
1024
1025 \noindent
1026 \begin{tabular}{p{\firstcol}p{\secondcol}}
1027 \hline
1028 \textbf{Key} & \textbf{Description}\\
1029 \hline
1030 \texttt{C-c C-f C-b}
1031 & Bold.\\
1032 \texttt{C-c C-f C-i}
1033 & Italics.\\
1034 \texttt{C-c C-f C-r}
1035 & Roman.\\
1036 \texttt{C-c C-f C-e}
1037 & Emphasized.\\
1038 \texttt{C-c C-f C-t}
1039 & Typewriter.\\
1040 \texttt{C-c C-f C-s}
1041 & Slanted.\\
1042 \texttt{C-c C-f C-d}
1043 & Delete font.\\
1044 \texttt{C-u C-c C-f}
1045 & Change font.
1046 \end{tabular}
1047
1048 \noindent
1049 \textbf{Running \TeX{}}
1050
1051 \smallskip
1052
1053 \noindent
1054 (Commands: \texttt{TeX}, \texttt{TeX Interactive}, \texttt{LaTeX},
1055 \texttt{LaTeX Interactive}, \texttt{SliTeX}, \texttt{View},
1056 \texttt{Print}, \texttt{BibTeX}, \texttt{Index}, \texttt{Check},
1057 \texttt{File}, \texttt{Spell}.)
1058
1059 \smallskip
1060
1061 \noindent
1062 \begin{tabular}{p{\firstcol}p{\secondcol}}
1063 \hline
1064 \textbf{Key} & \textbf{Description}\\
1065 \hline
1066 \texttt{C-c C-c}
1067 & Run a command on the master file.\\
1068 \texttt{C-c C-r}
1069 & Run a command on the current region.\\
1070 \texttt{C-c C-b}
1071 & Run a command on the buffer.\\
1072 \texttt{C-c `}
1073 & Go to the next error.\\
1074 \texttt{C-c C-k}
1075 & Kill the \TeX{} process.\\
1076 \texttt{C-c C-l}
1077 & Center the output buffer.\\
1078 \texttt{C-c C-\^{}}
1079 & Switch to the master file.\\
1080 \texttt{C-c C-w}
1081 & Toggle debug of overful boxes.\\
1082 \end{tabular}
1083
1084 \section{Customization}
1085
1086 \subsection{Customizing \mx{} mode}
1087 \label{app:custmxmode}
1088
1089 Indentation in \mx{} mode can be controlled with the following
1090 variables:
1091 \begin{description}
1092 \item[maxima-indent-style] This determines how hard \mx{} mode will
1093   try to compute an appropriate indentation.  The options are
1094   \texttt{'standard} and \texttt{'perhaps-smart}, the default is
1095   \texttt{'perhaps-smart}.
1096 \item[maxima-indent-amount] This is the default indentation for each
1097   level in \mx{} mode.  By default, it is 2.
1098 \item[maxima-paren-indent-amount] This is the amount of extra
1099   indentation to be added for each parenthetical nesting.  By default,
1100   it is 1, so that the lines following an open parenthesis will start
1101   in the first column past the parenthesis.
1102 \item[maxima-blockparen-indent-amount] This is the amount of extra
1103   indentation to be added after a \texttt{block(}.  By default, this
1104   is $-3$, so that the following lines won't be indented too far.
1105 \item[maxima-continuation-indent-amount] This is the amount of
1106   indentation to be added when a line is the continuation of the
1107   expression begun on the previous line.  By default, it is 2.
1108 \item[maxima-multiline-comment-indent-amount] This is the amount of
1109   extra indentation to be given to comments.  By default, it is 2.
1110 \item[maxima-if-extra-indent-amount] This is the amount of extra
1111   indentation to give a then which follows an if, assuming the then
1112   starts on its own line.  By default, it is 0, so the then will begin
1113   right under the if.
1114 \end{description}
1115
1116 Other facets of \mx{} mode can be controlled through the following
1117 options:
1118 \begin{description}
1119 \item[maxima-return-style] This determines how \mx{} mode will handle
1120   \texttt{RET}.  The options are \texttt{'newline},
1121   \texttt{'newline\hyph{}and\hyph{}indent}, and
1122   \texttt{'reindent\hyph{}then\hyph{}newline\hyph{}and\hyph{}indent}, the default is
1123   \texttt{'reindent\hyph{}then\hyph{}newline\hyph{}and\hyph{}indent}.
1124 \end{description}
1125
1126 Some other options that may occasionally need to be set are:
1127 \begin{description}
1128 \item[maxima-command]  The command used to start \mx{}.  By default,
1129   it is \texttt{maxima}.
1130 \item[maxima-args] Extra arguments to pass to the \mx{} command.  By
1131   default, it is \texttt{nil}.
1132 \item[maxima-use-tabs]  If this is non-nil, the indentation will use
1133   TABS as well as spaces.  By default, it is \texttt{nil}.
1134 \end{description}
1135
1136
1137 \subsection{Customizing \emx{}}
1138 \label{app:custemx}
1139
1140 There are a few (very few) things that you can do to customize \emx{}.
1141
1142 By default, \emx{} is an extension of AUC\TeX{} mode.  This can be
1143 changed by changing the variable \texttt{emaxima\hyph{}use\hyph{}tex}.  The possible
1144 values are \texttt{'auctex}, \texttt{'tex} and \texttt{nil}.  Setting
1145 \texttt{emaxima\hyph{}use\hyph{}tex} (the default) to \texttt{'auctex} will make \emx{}
1146 an extension of AUC\TeX{}, setting it to \texttt{'tex} will make \emx{} an
1147 extension of Emacs's default \TeX{} mode, and setting
1148 \texttt{emaxima\hyph{}use\hyph{}tex} to \texttt{nil} will make \emx{} an extension of
1149 text-mode.  So, for example, putting
1150 \begin{verbatim}
1151 (setq emaxima-use-tex nil)
1152 \end{verbatim}
1153 \noindent
1154 in your \texttt{.emacs} file will make \emx{} default to an extension of
1155 text mode.
1156
1157 Whether or not the dots (\dots{}) abbreviation is allowed in cell
1158 references is controlled by the elisp variable
1159 \texttt{emaxima\hyph{}abbreviations\hyph{}allowed}, which is set to \texttt{t} by
1160 default.  Setting this to \texttt{nil} will disallow the abbreviations,
1161 but will speed up package assembly.
1162
1163 The variable \texttt{emaxima\hyph{}preview\hyph{}after\hyph{}update\hyph{}all} will determine
1164 whether or not the buffer will be previewed (when preview-latex is
1165 being used) after an update-all command.  By default, it is \texttt{t}.
1166
1167
1168 The \LaTeX{}ed output can be customized somewhat.  The
1169 \texttt{emaxima} LaTeX{} package can take some options, namely
1170 \texttt{breqn}, \texttt{lines}, \texttt{listings} and \texttt{preview}.
1171 The \texttt{breqn} option will use the \LaTeX{} \texttt{breqn} package
1172 (which must be installed) to break long \mx{} lines into shorter lines
1173 automatically.
1174 The \texttt{preview} option will enable the Emacs preview package
1175 (which must be installed) to preview the \mx{} environments.
1176 The \texttt{lines} option will put lines before and after some of the
1177 environments.
1178 The \texttt{listings} option will use the \LaTeX{} \texttt{listings}
1179 package (which must be installed) to typeset some of the \mx{} code.
1180 To use this, the file \texttt{maxima.sty} must be in the search path
1181 for \TeX.
1182
1183 The indentation of the \mx{} code can be reset by resetting the
1184 \LaTeX{} length \verb+\maximaindent+.
1185 The colors of the prompts, inputs and outputs can be reset by renewing
1186 the commands \verb+\maximapromptcolor+, \verb+\maximainputcolor+
1187 and \verb+\maximaoutputcolor+ to appropriate colors.
1188
1189 The top, middle and bottom of a maxima cell are determined by the
1190 commands \verb+\maximatop+, \verb+\maximamiddle+ and \verb+\maximabottom+.
1191 By default, \verb+\maximamiddle+ is set to \verb+\maximaoutputmarker+.
1192 If the \texttt{lines} option is used, then \verb+\maximatop+ and
1193 \verb+\maximabottom+ are set to \verb+\maximaboxtop+ and
1194 \verb+\maximaboxbottom+,  respectively.
1195 Otherwise, \verb+\maximatop+ and \verb+\maximabottom+ are set to do nothing.
1196 The top and bottom of a maxima session are determined by
1197 \verb+\maximasessiontop+ and \verb+\maximasessionbottom+, respectively.
1198 By default, they do nothing.
1199
1200 The verbatim output for maxima cells is inserted with
1201 \verb+\maximaverbatiminput+.  This will do one of two things.
1202 If the listings option is used, this is defined by
1203 \verb+\lstinputlisting[style=emaxima]{#1}+, and so can be adjusted by
1204 resetting the emaxima style.   By default, this style is given by
1205 \begin{verbatim}
1206 \lstdefinestyle{emaxima}
1207                {language=maxima,
1208                 aboveskip=0pt,
1209                 belowskip=0pt,
1210                 xleftmargin=\maximaindent}
1211 \end{verbatim}
1212 \noindent
1213 If the listings package is not used, then \verb+\maximaverbatiminput+ is
1214 defined by \verb+\VerbatimInput[xleftmargin=\maximaindent]{#1}+
1215 (\verb+\VerbatimInput+ is from the fancyvrb package.)
1216 In either case, it can be adjusted by redefining
1217 \verb+\maximaverbatiminput+, which is expected to indent everything by
1218 \verb+\maximaindent+.
1219 The fonts used in the maximasessions is \verb+\maximafont+, by default
1220 \verb+\ttfamily+.
1221
1222 \end{document}