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1 # @(#)antarctica 8.3
2 # <pre>
4 # From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15):
5 # To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see
6 # <a href="http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/">
7 # COMNAP - Stations and Bases
8 # </a>
9 # and
10 # <a href="http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm">
11 # Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23)
12 # </a>
13 # for information.
14 # Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information.
15 #
16 # Except for the French entries,
17 # I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome!
18 # FORMAT is `zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.
20 # These rules are stolen from the `europe' file.
21 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
22 Rule RussAQ 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
23 Rule RussAQ 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
24 Rule RussAQ 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
25 Rule RussAQ 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
26 Rule RussAQ 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
27 Rule RussAQ 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
28 Rule RussAQ 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
29 Rule RussAQ 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
30 Rule RussAQ 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
32 # These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file.
33 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
34 Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
35 Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S
36 Rule ArgAQ 1967 only - Apr 2 0:00 0 -
37 Rule ArgAQ 1967 1968 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
38 Rule ArgAQ 1968 1969 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
39 Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 S
40 Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 -
41 Rule ChileAQ 1972 1986 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
42 Rule ChileAQ 1974 1987 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
43 Rule ChileAQ 1987 only - Apr 12 3:00u 0 -
44 Rule ChileAQ 1988 1989 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
45 Rule ChileAQ 1988 only - Oct Sun>=1 4:00u 1:00 S
46 Rule ChileAQ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
47 Rule ChileAQ 1990 only - Mar 18 3:00u 0 -
48 Rule ChileAQ 1990 only - Sep 16 4:00u 1:00 S
49 Rule ChileAQ 1991 1996 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
50 Rule ChileAQ 1991 1997 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
51 Rule ChileAQ 1997 only - Mar 30 3:00u 0 -
52 Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
53 Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Sep 27 4:00u 1:00 S
54 Rule ChileAQ 1999 only - Apr 4 3:00u 0 -
55 Rule ChileAQ 1999 max - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
56 Rule ChileAQ 2000 max - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
59 # Argentina - year-round bases
60 # Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05
61 # Esperanza, San Martin Land, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17
62 # Jubany, Potter Peninsula, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01
63 # Marambio, Seymour I, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29
64 # Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22
65 # San Martin, Debenham I, -6807-06708, since 1951-03-21
66 # (except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21)
68 # Australia - territories
69 # Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited)
70 # previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered
71 # <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20021204222245/http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html">
72 # Margaret Turner reports
73 # </a> (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST;
74 # presumably this is when they have visitors.
75 #
76 # year-round bases
77 # Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969
78 # Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13
79 # (except 1964-11 - 1969-02)
80 # Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13
81 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
82 Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - zzz 1969
83 8:00 - WST # Western (Aus) Standard Time
84 Zone Antarctica/Davis 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 13
85 7:00 - DAVT 1964 Nov # Davis Time
86 0 - zzz 1969 Feb
87 7:00 - DAVT
88 Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - zzz 1954 Feb 13
89 6:00 - MAWT # Mawson Time
90 # References:
91 # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html">
92 # Casey Weather (1998-02-26)
93 # </a>
94 # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html">
95 # Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26)
96 # </a>
97 # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html">
98 # Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25)
99 # </a>
101 # Brazil - year-round base
102 # Comandante Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4
104 # Chile - year-round bases and towns
105 # Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994
106 # Presidente Eduadro Frei, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07
107 # General Bernardo O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02
108 # Capitan Arturo Prat, -6230-05941
109 # Villa Las Estrellas (a town), around the Frei base, since 1984-04-09
110 # These locations have always used Santiago time; use TZ='America/Santiago'.
112 # China - year-round bases
113 # Great Wall, King George Island, -6213-05858, since 1985-02-20
114 # Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, -6922+07623, since 1989-02-26
116 # France - year-round bases
117 #
118 # From Antoine Leca (1997-01-20):
119 # Time data are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP
120 # (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology).
121 # She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adelie bases
122 # don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adelie supplies came
123 # from Tasmania.
124 #
125 # French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants
126 #
127 # Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950
128 # Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964
129 # Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951;
130 # whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956
131 #
132 # St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited
133 # fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931
134 #
135 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
136 Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - zzz 1950 # Port-aux-Francais
137 5:00 - TFT # ISO code TF Time
138 #
139 # year-round base in the main continent
140 # Dumont-d'Urville, Ile des Petrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11
141 #
142 # Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947.
143 # It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14.
144 #
145 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
146 Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - zzz 1947
147 10:00 - PMT 1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time
148 0 - zzz 1956 Nov
149 10:00 - DDUT # Dumont-d'Urville Time
150 # Reference:
151 # <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station">
152 # Dumont d'Urville Station (2005-12-05)
153 # </a>
155 # Germany - year-round base
156 # Georg von Neumayer, -7039-00815
158 # India - year-round base
159 # Dakshin Gangotri, -7005+01200
161 # Japan - year-round bases
162 # Dome Fuji, -7719+03942
163 # Syowa, -690022+0393524
164 #
165 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06):
166 # In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time.
167 #
168 # Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan,
169 # was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main
170 # station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location.
171 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
172 Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 29
173 3:00 - SYOT # Syowa Time
174 # See:
175 # <a href="http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html">
176 # NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17)
177 # </a>
179 # S Korea - year-round base
180 # King Sejong, King George Island, -6213-05847, since 1988
182 # New Zealand - claims
183 # Balleny Islands (never inhabited)
184 # Scott Island (never inhabited)
185 #
186 # year-round base
187 # Scott, Ross Island, since 1957-01, is like Antarctica/McMurdo.
188 #
189 # These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the `australasia' file.
190 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
191 Rule NZAQ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D
192 Rule NZAQ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
193 Rule NZAQ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D
194 Rule NZAQ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
195 Rule NZAQ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S
196 Rule NZAQ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
197 Rule NZAQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
199 # Norway - territories
200 # Bouvet (never inhabited)
201 #
202 # claims
203 # Peter I Island (never inhabited)
205 # Poland - year-round base
206 # Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977
208 # Russia - year-round bases
209 # Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22
210 # Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02
211 # Molodezhnaya, Alasheyev Bay, -6740+04551,
212 # year-round from 1962-02 to 1999-07-01
213 # Novolazarevskaya, Queen Maud Land, -7046+01150,
214 # year-round from 1960/61 to 1992
216 # Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11
217 # <a href="http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP">
218 # From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15)</a>:
219 # Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same
220 # time as Moscow, Russia.
221 #
222 # From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08):
223 # I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is
224 # what they had to say about time there:
225 # ``in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo)
226 # time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was
227 # 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead
228 # of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The
229 # natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT.''
230 #
231 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04):
232 # This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it
233 # in person. He said that some Antartic locations set their local
234 # time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this
235 # changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean
236 # solar noon. So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks
237 # happened to be during their visit. So we still don't really know what time
238 # it is at Vostok. But we'll guess UTC+6.
239 #
240 Zone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - zzz 1957 Dec 16
241 6:00 - VOST # Vostok time
243 # S Africa - year-round bases
244 # Marion Island, -4653+03752
245 # Sanae, -7141-00250
247 # UK
248 #
249 # British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims
250 # South Orkney Islands
251 # scientific station from 1903
252 # whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926
253 # South Shetland Islands
254 #
255 # year-round bases
256 # Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983
257 # Deception Island, -6259-06034, whaling station 1912/1931,
258 # scientific station 1943/1967,
259 # previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident,
260 # and a garrison was deployed briefly
261 # Halley, Coates Land, -7535-02604, since 1956-01-06
262 # Halley is on a moving ice shelf and is periodically relocated
263 # so that it is never more than 10km from its nominal location.
264 # Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01
265 #
266 # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-22)
267 # <http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/g.html> says Rothera is -03 all year.
268 #
269 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
270 Zone Antarctica/Rothera 0 - zzz 1976 Dec 1
271 -3:00 - ROTT # Rothera time
273 # Uruguay - year round base
274 # Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107
276 # USA - year-round bases
277 #
278 # Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968)
279 #
280 # From Ethan Dicks (1996-10-06):
281 # It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us
282 # and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line....
283 # I verified with someone who was there that since 1980,
284 # Palmer has followed Chile. Prior to that, before the Falklands War,
285 # Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina.
286 #
287 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
288 Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - zzz 1965
289 -4:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
290 -3:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1982 May
291 -4:00 ChileAQ CL%sT
292 #
293 #
294 # McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12
295 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
296 Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - zzz 1956
297 12:00 NZAQ NZ%sT
298 #
299 # Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20
300 #
301 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
302 # Normally it wouldn't have a separate entry, since it's like the
303 # larger Antarctica/McMurdo since 1970, but it's too famous to omit.
304 #
305 # From Chris Carrier (1996-06-27):
306 # Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station,
307 # stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station,
308 # but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12
309 # as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound,
310 # which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year
311 # at that time (1957). (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.)
312 #
313 # From Susan Smith
314 # http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html
315 # (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available):
316 # We use the same time as McMurdo does.
317 # And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does....
318 # One last quirk about South Pole time.
319 # All the electric clocks are usually wrong.
320 # Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something
321 # makes all of the clocks run fast. So every couple of days,
322 # we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so.
323 # Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!!
324 #
325 Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole