1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2 <chapter id="HDRWQ133">
3 <title>Installing Additional Client Machines</title>
7 <primary>instructions</primary>
9 <secondary>client machine</secondary>
13 <primary>installing</primary>
15 <secondary>client functionality</secondary>
17 <tertiary>client machine</tertiary>
20 This chapter describes how to install AFS client machines after you have installed the first AFS machine. Some parts of the
21 installation differ depending on whether or not the new client is of the same AFS system type (uses the same AFS binaries) as a
22 previously installed client machine. <indexterm>
23 <primary>overview</primary>
25 <secondary>installing client machine</secondary>
28 <sect1 id="Header_116">
29 <title>Summary of Procedures</title>
33 <para>Incorporate AFS into the machine's kernel</para>
37 <para>Define the machine's cell membership</para>
41 <para>Define cache location and size</para>
45 <para>Create the <emphasis role="bold">/usr/vice/etc/CellServDB</emphasis> file, which determines which foreign cells the
46 client can access in addition to the local cell</para>
50 <para>Create the <emphasis role="bold">/afs</emphasis> directory and start the Cache Manager</para>
54 <para>Create and mount volumes for housing AFS client binaries (necessary only for clients of a new system type)</para>
58 <para>Create a link from the local <emphasis role="bold">/usr/afsws</emphasis> directory to the AFS directory housing the
59 AFS client binaries</para>
63 <para>Modify the machine's authentication system to enable AFS users to obtain tokens at login</para>
68 <primary>Binary Distribution</primary>
70 <secondary>creating /tmp/afsdist directory</secondary>
72 <tertiary>client machine</tertiary>
76 <primary>afsdist directory</primary>
78 <secondary>client machine</secondary>
82 <primary>client machine</primary>
84 <secondary>/tmp/afsdist directory</secondary>
88 <primary>creating</primary>
90 <secondary>/tmp/afsdist directory</secondary>
92 <tertiary>client machine</tertiary>
96 <primary>usr/vice/etc directory</primary>
98 <secondary>client machine</secondary>
102 <primary>client machine</primary>
104 <secondary>/usr/vice/etc directory</secondary>
108 <primary>creating</primary>
110 <secondary>/usr/vice/etc directory</secondary>
112 <tertiary>client machine</tertiary>
116 <sect1 id="HDRWQ134">
117 <title>Creating AFS Directories on the Local Disk</title>
119 <para>If you are not installing from a packaged distribution, create the <emphasis role="bold">/usr/vice/etc</emphasis> directory on the local disk, to house client binaries and
120 configuration files. Subsequent instructions copy files from the OpenAFS binary distribution into them. Create the <emphasis
121 role="bold">/tmp/afsdist</emphasis> directory as a location to uncompress this distribution, if it does not already exist.</para>
124 # <emphasis role="bold">mkdir /usr/vice</emphasis>
125 # <emphasis role="bold">mkdir /usr/vice/etc</emphasis>
126 # <emphasis role="bold">mkdir /tmp/afsdist</emphasis>
130 <sect1 id="HDRWQ135">
131 <title>Performing Platform-Specific Procedures</title>
133 <para>Every AFS client machine's kernel must incorporate AFS modifications. Some system types use a dynamic kernel loader
134 program, whereas on other system types you build AFS modifications into a static kernel. Some system types support both
137 <para>Also modify the machine's authentication system so that users obtain an AFS token as they log into the local file system.
138 Using AFS is simpler and more convenient for your users if you make the modifications on all client machines. Otherwise, users
139 must perform a two or three step login procedure (login to the local system, obtain Kerberos credentials, and then issue the <emphasis role="bold">klog</emphasis>
140 command). For further discussion of AFS authentication, see the chapter in the <emphasis>OpenAFS Administration Guide</emphasis>
141 about cell configuration and administration issues.</para>
143 <para>For convenience, the following sections group the two procedures by system type. Proceed to the appropriate section.
146 <para><link linkend="HDRWQ143">Getting Started on Linux Systems</link></para>
150 <para><link linkend="HDRWQ144">Getting Started on Solaris Systems</link></para>
155 <primary>incorporating AFS kernel extensions</primary>
157 <secondary>client machine</secondary>
159 <tertiary>Linux</tertiary>
160 </indexterm> <indexterm>
161 <primary>AFS kernel extensions</primary>
163 <secondary>on client machine</secondary>
165 <tertiary>Linux</tertiary>
166 </indexterm> <indexterm>
167 <primary>client machine</primary>
169 <secondary>AFS kernel extensions</secondary>
171 <tertiary>on Linux</tertiary>
172 </indexterm> <indexterm>
173 <primary>Linux</primary>
175 <secondary>AFS kernel extensions</secondary>
177 <tertiary>on client machine</tertiary>
178 </indexterm> <indexterm>
179 <primary>enabling AFS login</primary>
181 <secondary>client machine</secondary>
183 <tertiary>Linux</tertiary>
184 </indexterm> <indexterm>
185 <primary>AFS login</primary>
187 <secondary>on client machine</secondary>
189 <tertiary>Linux</tertiary>
190 </indexterm> <indexterm>
191 <primary>client machine</primary>
193 <secondary>AFS login</secondary>
195 <tertiary>on Linux</tertiary>
196 </indexterm> <indexterm>
197 <primary>Linux</primary>
199 <secondary>AFS login</secondary>
201 <tertiary>on client machine</tertiary>
202 </indexterm> <indexterm>
203 <primary>PAM</primary>
205 <secondary>on Linux</secondary>
207 <tertiary>client machine</tertiary>
212 <sect1 id="HDRWQ143">
213 <title>Getting Started on Linux Systems</title>
215 <para>In this section you load AFS into the Linux kernel. Then incorporate AFS modifications into the machine's Pluggable
216 Authentication Module (PAM) system, if you wish to enable AFS login.</para>
218 <sect2 id="Header_133">
219 <title>Loading AFS into the Linux Kernel</title>
221 <para>The <emphasis role="bold">modprobe</emphasis> program is the dynamic kernel loader for Linux. Linux does not support
222 incorporation of AFS modifications during a kernel build.</para>
224 <para>For AFS to function correctly, the <emphasis role="bold">modprobe</emphasis> program must run each time the machine
225 reboots, so your distributions's AFS initialization script invokes it automatically. The script also includes
226 commands that select the appropriate AFS library file automatically. In this section you run the script.</para>
228 <para>In a later section you also verify that the script correctly initializes the Cache Manager, then activate a
229 configuration variable, which results in the script being incorporated into the Linux startup and shutdown sequence.</para>
231 <para>The procedure for starting up OpenAFS depends upon your distribution</para>
233 <title>Fedora and RedHat Enterprise Linux</title>
234 <para>OpenAFS ships RPMS for all current Fedora and RHEL releases.
237 <para>Download and install the RPM set for your operating system.
238 RPMs are available from the OpenAFS web site. You will need the
239 <emphasis role="bold">openafs</emphasis>, <emphasis role="bold">openafs-server</emphasis>,
240 <emphasis role="bold">openafs-client</emphasis> and
241 <emphasis role="bold">openafs-krb5</emphasis> packages, along
242 with an <emphasis role="bold">kmod-openafs</emphasis> package
243 matching your current, running ,kernel.</para>
245 <para>You can find the version of your current kernel by running
248 <replaceable>2.6.20-1.2933.fc6</replaceable>
249 </programlisting></para>
251 <para>Once downloaded, the packages may be installed with the
252 <emphasis role="bold">rpm</emphasis> command
254 # rpm -U openafs-* openafs-client-* openafs-server-* openafs-krb5-* kmod-openafs-*
255 </programlisting></para>
261 <title>Systems packaged as tar files</title>
262 <para>If you are running a system where the OpenAFS Binary Distribution
263 is provided as a tar file, or where you have built the system from
264 source yourself, you need to install the relevant components by hand
268 <para>Unpack the distribution tarball. The examples below assume
269 that you have unpacked the files into the
270 <emphasis role="bold">/tmp/afsdist</emphasis>directory. If you
271 pick a different location, substitute this in all of the following
272 examples. Once you have unpacked the distribution,
273 change directory as indicated.
275 # <emphasis role="bold">cd /tmp/afsdist/linux/dest/root.client/usr/vice/etc</emphasis>
276 </programlisting></para>
280 <para>Copy the AFS kernel library files to the local <emphasis role="bold">/usr/vice/etc/modload</emphasis> directory.
281 The filenames for the libraries have the format <emphasis
282 role="bold">libafs-</emphasis><replaceable>version</replaceable><emphasis role="bold">.o</emphasis>, where
283 <replaceable>version</replaceable> indicates the kernel build level. The string <emphasis role="bold">.mp</emphasis> in
284 the <replaceable>version</replaceable> indicates that the file is appropriate for machines running a multiprocessor
285 kernel. <programlisting>
286 # <emphasis role="bold">cp -rp modload /usr/vice/etc</emphasis>
287 </programlisting></para>
291 <para>Copy the AFS initialization script to the local directory for initialization files (by convention, <emphasis
292 role="bold">/etc/rc.d/init.d</emphasis> on Linux machines). Note the removal of the <emphasis role="bold">.rc</emphasis>
293 extension as you copy the script. <programlisting>
294 # <emphasis role="bold">cp -p afs.rc /etc/rc.d/init.d/afs</emphasis>
295 </programlisting></para>
300 <para>Run the AFS initialization script to load AFS extensions into the kernel. You can ignore any error messages about
301 the inability to start the BOS Server or the Cache Manager or AFS client. <programlisting>
302 # <emphasis role="bold">/etc/rc.d/init.d/afs start</emphasis>
303 </programlisting></para>
310 <sect2 id="Header_134">
311 <title>Enabling AFS Login on Linux Systems</title>
313 <para>At this point you incorporate AFS into the operating system's Pluggable Authentication Module (PAM) scheme. PAM
314 integrates all authentication mechanisms on the machine, including login, to provide the security infrastructure for
315 authenticated access to and from the machine.</para>
317 <para>At this time, we recommend that new sites requiring AFS credentials
318 to be gained as part of PAM authentication use Russ Alberry's
319 pam_afs_session, rather than utilising the bundled pam_afs2 module.
320 A typical PAM stack should authenticate the user using an external
321 Kerberos V service, and then use the AFS PAM module to obtain AFS
322 credentials in the <computeroutput>session</computeroutput> section</para>
324 <para>If you are at a site which still requires
325 <emphasis role="bold">kaserver</emphasis> or external Kerberos v4 based
326 authentication, please consult
327 <link linkend="KAS015">Enabling kaserver based AFS Login on Linux Systems</link>
328 for further installation instructions.</para>
331 <link linkend="HDRWQ145">Loading and Creating Client Files</link>.</para>
334 <primary>incorporating AFS kernel extensions</primary>
336 <secondary>client machine</secondary>
338 <tertiary>Solaris</tertiary>
342 <primary>AFS kernel extensions</primary>
344 <secondary>on client machine</secondary>
346 <tertiary>Solaris</tertiary>
350 <primary>client machine</primary>
352 <secondary>AFS kernel extensions</secondary>
354 <tertiary>on Solaris</tertiary>
358 <primary>Solaris</primary>
360 <secondary>AFS kernel extensions</secondary>
362 <tertiary>on client machine</tertiary>
366 <primary>enabling AFS login</primary>
368 <secondary>client machine</secondary>
370 <tertiary>Solaris</tertiary>
374 <primary>AFS login</primary>
376 <secondary>on client machine</secondary>
378 <tertiary>Solaris</tertiary>
382 <primary>client machine</primary>
384 <secondary>AFS login</secondary>
386 <tertiary>on Solaris</tertiary>
390 <primary>Solaris</primary>
392 <secondary>AFS login</secondary>
394 <tertiary>on client machine</tertiary>
398 <primary>PAM</primary>
400 <secondary>on Solaris</secondary>
402 <tertiary>client machine</tertiary>
406 <primary>Solaris</primary>
408 <secondary>file systems clean-up script</secondary>
410 <tertiary>on client machine</tertiary>
414 <primary>file systems clean-up script (Solaris)</primary>
416 <secondary>client machine</secondary>
420 <primary>scripts</primary>
422 <secondary>file systems clean-up (Solaris)</secondary>
424 <tertiary>client machine</tertiary>
429 <sect1 id="HDRWQ144">
430 <title>Getting Started on Solaris Systems</title>
432 <para>In this section you load AFS into the Solaris kernel. Then incorporate AFS modifications into the machine's Pluggable
433 Authentication Module (PAM) system, if you wish to enable AFS login.</para>
435 <sect2 id="Header_136">
436 <title>Loading AFS into the Solaris Kernel</title>
438 <para>The <emphasis role="bold">modload</emphasis> program is the dynamic kernel loader provided by Sun Microsystems for
439 Solaris systems. Solaris does not support incorporation of AFS modifications during a kernel build.</para>
441 <para>For AFS to function correctly, the <emphasis role="bold">modload</emphasis> program must run each time the machine
442 reboots, so the AFS initialization script (included on the AFS CD-ROM) invokes it automatically. In this section you copy the
443 appropriate AFS library file to the location where the <emphasis role="bold">modload</emphasis> program accesses it and then
444 run the script.</para>
446 <para>In a later section you verify that the script correctly initializes the Cache Manager, then create the links that
447 incorporate AFS into the Solaris startup and shutdown sequence. <orderedlist>
449 <para>Unpack the OpenAFS Solaris distribution tarball. The examples
450 below assume that you have unpacked the files into the
451 <emphasis role="bold">/tmp/afsdist</emphasis> directory. If you
452 pick a diferent location, substitute this in all of the following
453 exmaples. Once you have unpacked the distribution, change directory
456 # <emphasis role="bold">cd /tmp/afsdist/sun4x_56/dest/root.client/usr/vice/etc</emphasis>
457 </programlisting></para>
461 <para>Copy the AFS initialization script to the local directory for initialization files (by convention, <emphasis
462 role="bold">/etc/init.d</emphasis> on Solaris machines). Note the removal of the <emphasis role="bold">.rc</emphasis>
463 extension as you copy the script. <programlisting>
464 # <emphasis role="bold">cp -p afs.rc /etc/init.d/afs</emphasis>
465 </programlisting></para>
469 <para>Copy the appropriate AFS kernel library file to the local file <emphasis
470 role="bold">/kernel/fs/afs</emphasis>.</para>
472 <para>If the machine is running Solaris 11 on the x86_64 platform:</para>
475 # <emphasis role="bold">cp -p modload/libafs64.o /kernel/drv/amd64/afs</emphasis>
478 <para>If the machine is running Solaris 10 on the x86_64 platform:</para>
481 # <emphasis role="bold">cp -p modload/libafs64.o /kernel/fs/amd64/afs</emphasis>
484 <para>If the machine is running Solaris 2.6 or the 32-bit version of Solaris 7, its kernel supports NFS server
485 functionality, and the <emphasis role="bold">nfsd</emphasis> process is running:</para>
488 # <emphasis role="bold">cp -p modload/libafs.o /kernel/fs/afs</emphasis>
491 <para>If the machine is running Solaris 2.6 or the 32-bit version of Solaris 7, and its kernel does not support NFS
492 server functionality or the <emphasis role="bold">nfsd</emphasis> process is not running:</para>
495 # <emphasis role="bold">cp -p modload/libafs.nonfs.o /kernel/fs/afs</emphasis>
498 <para>If the machine is running the 64-bit version of Solaris 7, its kernel supports NFS server functionality, and the
499 <emphasis role="bold">nfsd</emphasis> process is running:</para>
502 # <emphasis role="bold">cp -p modload/libafs64.o /kernel/fs/sparcv9/afs</emphasis>
505 <para>If the machine is running the 64-bit version of Solaris 7, and its kernel does not support NFS server
506 functionality or the <emphasis role="bold">nfsd</emphasis> process is not running:</para>
509 # <emphasis role="bold">cp -p modload/libafs64.nonfs.o /kernel/fs/sparcv9/afs</emphasis>
514 <para>Run the AFS initialization script to load AFS modifications into the kernel. You can ignore any error messages
515 about the inability to start the BOS Server or the Cache Manager or AFS client. <programlisting>
516 # <emphasis role="bold">/etc/init.d/afs start</emphasis>
517 </programlisting></para>
519 <para>When an entry called <computeroutput>afs</computeroutput> does not already exist in the local <emphasis
520 role="bold">/etc/name_to_sysnum</emphasis> file, the script automatically creates it and reboots the machine to start
521 using the new version of the file. If this happens, log in again as the superuser <emphasis role="bold">root</emphasis>
522 after the reboot and run the initialization script again. This time the required entry exists in the <emphasis
523 role="bold">/etc/name_to_sysnum</emphasis> file, and the <emphasis role="bold">modload</emphasis> program runs.</para>
526 login: <emphasis role="bold">root</emphasis>
527 Password: <replaceable>root_password</replaceable>
528 # <emphasis role="bold">/etc/init.d/afs start</emphasis>
531 </orderedlist></para>
534 <sect2 id="Header_137">
535 <title>Enabling AFS Login on Solaris Systems</title>
537 <para>At this point you incorporate AFS into the operating system's Pluggable Authentication Module (PAM) scheme. PAM
538 integrates all authentication mechanisms on the machine, including login, to provide the security infrastructure for
539 authenticated access to and from the machine.</para>
541 <para>In modern AFS installations, you should be using Kerberos v5
542 for user login, and obtaining AFS tokens subsequent to this authentication
543 step. OpenAFS does not currently distribute a PAM module allowing AFS
544 tokens to be automatically gained at login. Some of these, such as
545 pam-krb5 and pam-afs-session from http://www.eyrie.org/~eagle/software/
546 or pam_afs2 from ftp://achilles.ctd.anl.gov/pub/DEE/pam_afs2-0.1.tar,
547 have been tested with Solaris.</para>
549 <para>If you are at a site which still requires
550 <emphasis role="bold">kaserver</emphasis> or external Kerberos v4 based
551 authentication, please consult
552 <link linkend="KAS016">Enabling kaserver based AFS Login on Solaris Systems</link>
553 for further installation instructions.</para>
555 <sect2 id="Header_137a">
556 <title>Editing the File Systems Clean-up Script on Solaris Systems</title>
560 <para>Some Solaris distributions include a script that locates
561 and removes unneeded files from various file systems. Its
562 conventional location is
563 <emphasis role="bold">/usr/lib/fs/nfs/nfsfind</emphasis>. The
564 script generally uses an argument to the
565 <emphasis role="bold">find</emphasis> command to define which file
566 systems to search. In this step you modify the
567 command to exclude the <emphasis role="bold">/afs</emphasis>
568 directory. Otherwise, the command traverses the AFS
569 filespace of every cell that is accessible from the machine, which can take many hours. The following alterations are
570 possibilities, but you must verify that they are appropriate for your cell.</para>
572 <para>The first possible alteration is to add the <emphasis role="bold">-local</emphasis> flag to the existing command,
573 so that it looks like the following:</para>
576 find $dir -local -name .nfs\* -mtime +7 -mount -exec rm -f {} \;
579 <para>Another alternative is to exclude any directories whose names begin with the lowercase letter <emphasis
580 role="bold">a</emphasis> or a non-alphabetic character.</para>
583 find /[A-Zb-z]* <replaceable>remainder of existing command</replaceable>
586 <para>Do not use the following command, which still searches under the <emphasis role="bold">/afs</emphasis> directory,
587 looking for a subdirectory of type <emphasis role="bold">4.2</emphasis>.</para>
590 find / -fstype 4.2 /* <replaceable>do not use</replaceable> */
595 <para>Proceed to <link linkend="HDRWQ145">Loading and Creating Client Files</link>.</para>
597 </orderedlist></para>
600 <primary>Binary Distribution</primary>
602 <secondary>copying client files from</secondary>
604 <tertiary>client machine</tertiary>
608 <primary>client machine</primary>
610 <secondary>copying client files to local disk</secondary>
614 <primary>copying</primary>
616 <secondary>client files to local disk</secondary>
618 <tertiary>client machine</tertiary>
622 <primary>cell name</primary>
624 <secondary>setting in client ThisCell file</secondary>
626 <tertiary>client machine</tertiary>
630 <primary>setting</primary>
632 <secondary>cell name in client ThisCell file</secondary>
634 <tertiary>client machine</tertiary>
638 <primary>client machine</primary>
640 <secondary>cell membership</secondary>
644 <primary>client machine</primary>
646 <secondary>ThisCell file</secondary>
650 <primary>ThisCell file (client)</primary>
652 <secondary>client machine</secondary>
656 <primary>CellServDB file (client)</primary>
658 <secondary>creating</secondary>
660 <tertiary>on client machine</tertiary>
664 <primary>database server machine</primary>
666 <secondary>entry in client CellServDB file</secondary>
668 <tertiary>on client machine</tertiary>
672 <primary>creating</primary>
674 <secondary>CellServDB file (client)</secondary>
676 <tertiary>client machine</tertiary>
680 <primary>client machine</primary>
682 <secondary>CellServDB file</secondary>
684 <tertiary>creating during initial installation</tertiary>
689 <sect1 id="HDRWQ145">
690 <title>Loading and Creating Client Files</title>
692 <para>If you are using a non-packaged distribution (that is, one provided as
693 a tarball) you should now copy files from the istribution to the
694 <emphasis role="bold">/usr/vice/etc</emphasis> directory. On some platforms
695 that use a dynamic loader program to incorporate AFS modifications into the
696 kernel, you have already copied over some the files.
697 Copying them again does no harm.</para>
699 <para>Every AFS client machine has a copy of the <emphasis role="bold">/usr/vice/etc/ThisCell</emphasis> file on its local disk
700 to define the machine's cell membership for the AFS client programs that run on it. Among other functions, this file determines
701 the following: <itemizedlist>
703 <para>The cell in which users authenticate when they log onto the machine, assuming it is using an AFS-modified login
708 <para>The cell in which users authenticate by default when they issue the <emphasis role="bold">aklog</emphasis>
713 <para>The cell membership of the AFS server processes that the AFS command interpreters on this machine contact by
716 </itemizedlist></para>
718 <para>Similarly, the <emphasis role="bold">/usr/vice/etc/CellServDB</emphasis> file on a client machine's local disk lists the
719 database server machines in each cell that the local Cache Manager can contact. If there is no entry in the file for a cell, or
720 the list of database server machines is wrong, then users working on this machine cannot access the cell. The chapter in the
721 <emphasis>OpenAFS Administration Guide</emphasis> about administering client machines explains how to maintain the file after
722 creating it. A version of the client <emphasis role="bold">CellServDB</emphasis> file was created during the installation of
723 your cell's first machine (in <link linkend="HDRWQ66">Creating the Client CellServDB File</link>). It is probably also
724 appropriate for use on this machine.</para>
726 <para>Remember that the Cache Manager consults the <emphasis role="bold">/usr/vice/etc/CellServDB</emphasis> file only at
727 reboot, when it copies the information into the kernel. For the Cache Manager to perform properly, the <emphasis
728 role="bold">CellServDB</emphasis> file must be accurate at all times. Refer to the chapter in the <emphasis>OpenAFS
729 Administration Guide</emphasis> about administering client machines for instructions on updating this file, with or without
730 rebooting. <orderedlist>
732 <para>If you have not already done so, unpack the distribution
733 tarball for this machine's system type into a suitable location on
734 the filesystem, such as <emphasis role="bold">/tmp/afsdist</emphasis>.
735 If you use a different location, substitue that in the examples that
740 <para>Copy files to the local <emphasis role="bold">/usr/vice/etc</emphasis> directory.</para>
742 <para>This step places a copy of the AFS initialization script (and related files, if applicable) into the <emphasis
743 role="bold">/usr/vice/etc</emphasis> directory. In the preceding instructions for incorporating AFS into the kernel, you
744 copied the script directly to the operating system's conventional location for initialization files. When you incorporate
745 AFS into the machine's startup sequence in a later step, you can choose to link the two files.</para>
747 <para>On some system types that use a dynamic kernel loader program, you previously copied AFS library files into a
748 subdirectory of the <emphasis role="bold">/usr/vice/etc</emphasis> directory. On other system types, you copied the
749 appropriate AFS library file directly to the directory where the operating system accesses it. The following commands do
750 not copy or recopy the AFS library files into the <emphasis role="bold">/usr/vice/etc</emphasis> directory, because on
751 some system types the library files consume a large amount of space. If you want to copy them, add the <emphasis
752 role="bold">-r</emphasis> flag to the first <emphasis role="bold">cp</emphasis> command and skip the second <emphasis
753 role="bold">cp</emphasis> command.</para>
756 # <emphasis role="bold">cd /cdrom/</emphasis><replaceable>sysname</replaceable><emphasis role="bold">/root.client/usr/vice/etc</emphasis>
757 # <emphasis role="bold">cp -p * /usr/vice/etc</emphasis>
758 # <emphasis role="bold">cp -rp C /usr/vice/etc</emphasis>
763 <para>Create the <emphasis role="bold">/usr/vice/etc/ThisCell</emphasis> file. <programlisting>
764 # <emphasis role="bold">echo "</emphasis><replaceable>cellname</replaceable><emphasis role="bold">" > /usr/vice/etc/ThisCell</emphasis>
765 </programlisting></para>
770 <emphasis role="bold">/usr/vice/etc/CellServDB</emphasis> file. Use a
771 network file transfer program such as
772 <emphasis role="bold">sftp</emphasis> or
773 <emphasis role="bold">scp</emphasis> to copy it from one of the
774 following sources, which are listed in decreasing order of
775 preference: <itemizedlist>
777 <para>Your cell's central <emphasis role="bold">CellServDB</emphasis> source file (the conventional location is
778 <emphasis role="bold">/afs/</emphasis><replaceable>cellname</replaceable><emphasis
779 role="bold">/common/etc/CellServDB</emphasis>)</para>
783 <para>The global <emphasis role="bold">CellServDB</emphasis>
784 file maintained at grand.central.org</para>
788 <para>An existing client machine in your cell</para>
792 <para>The <emphasis role="bold">CellServDB.sample</emphasis>
794 <replaceable>sysname</replaceable><emphasis role="bold">/root.client/usr/vice/etc</emphasis>
795 directory of each OpenAFS distribution; add an entry for the
796 local cell by following the instructions in
797 <link linkend="HDRWQ66">Creating the Client CellServDB File</link>
800 </itemizedlist></para>
802 </orderedlist></para>
805 <primary>client cache</primary>
811 <primary>AFS cache</primary>
817 <primary>disk cache</primary>
823 <primary>memory cache</primary>
829 <primary>cache</primary>
831 <secondary>requirements</secondary>
835 <primary>cache</primary>
837 <secondary>choosing size</secondary>
841 <primary>requirements</primary>
843 <secondary>cache</secondary>
847 <primary>usr/vice/etc/cacheinfo</primary>
849 <see>cacheinfo file</see>
853 <primary>cacheinfo file</primary>
857 <primary>files</primary>
859 <secondary>cacheinfo</secondary>
863 <primary>usr/vice/cache directory</primary>
867 <primary>directories</primary>
869 <secondary>/usr/vice/cache</secondary>
873 <primary>cache</primary>
875 <secondary>configuring</secondary>
877 <tertiary>client machine</tertiary>
881 <primary>configuring</primary>
883 <secondary>cache</secondary>
885 <tertiary>client machine</tertiary>
889 <primary>setting</primary>
891 <secondary>cache size and location</secondary>
893 <tertiary>client machine</tertiary>
897 <primary>client machine</primary>
899 <secondary>cache size and location</secondary>
903 <sect1 id="HDRWQ146">
904 <title>Configuring the Cache</title>
906 <para>The Cache Manager uses a cache on the local disk or in machine memory to store local copies of files fetched from file
907 server machines. As the <emphasis role="bold">afsd</emphasis> program initializes the Cache Manager, it sets basic cache
908 configuration parameters according to definitions in the local <emphasis role="bold">/usr/vice/etc/cacheinfo</emphasis> file.
909 The file has three fields: <orderedlist>
911 <para>The first field names the local directory on which to mount the AFS filespace. The conventional location is the
912 <emphasis role="bold">/afs</emphasis> directory.</para>
916 <para>The second field defines the local disk directory to use for the disk cache. The conventional location is the
917 <emphasis role="bold">/usr/vice/cache</emphasis> directory, but you can specify an alternate directory if another
918 partition has more space available. There must always be a value in this field, but the Cache Manager ignores it if the
919 machine uses a memory cache.</para>
923 <para>The third field specifies the number of kilobyte (1024 byte) blocks to allocate for the cache.</para>
925 </orderedlist></para>
927 <para>The values you define must meet the following requirements. <itemizedlist>
929 <para>On a machine using a disk cache, the Cache Manager expects always to be able to use the amount of space specified in
930 the third field. Failure to meet this requirement can cause serious problems, some of which can be repaired only by
931 rebooting. You must prevent non-AFS processes from filling up the cache partition. The simplest way is to devote a
932 partition to the cache exclusively.</para>
936 <para>The amount of space available in memory or on the partition housing the disk cache directory imposes an absolute
937 limit on cache size.</para>
941 <para>The maximum supported cache size can vary in each AFS release; see the <emphasis>OpenAFS Release Notes</emphasis>
942 for the current version.</para>
946 <para>For a disk cache, you cannot specify a value in the third field that exceeds 95% of the space available on the
947 partition mounted at the directory named in the second field. If you violate this restriction, the <emphasis
948 role="bold">afsd</emphasis> program exits without starting the Cache Manager and prints an appropriate message on the
949 standard output stream. A value of 90% is more appropriate on most machines. Some operating systems do not
950 automatically reserve some space to prevent the partition from filling completely; for them, a smaller value (say, 80% to
951 85% of the space available) is more appropriate.</para>
955 <para>For a memory cache, you must leave enough memory for other processes and applications to run. If you try to allocate
956 more memory than is actually available, the <emphasis role="bold">afsd</emphasis> program exits without initializing the
957 Cache Manager and produces the following message on the standard output stream. <programlisting>
958 afsd: memCache allocation failure at <replaceable>number</replaceable> KB
959 </programlisting></para>
961 <para>The <replaceable>number</replaceable> value is how many kilobytes were allocated just before the failure, and so
962 indicates the approximate amount of memory available.</para>
964 </itemizedlist></para>
966 <para>Within these hard limits, the factors that determine appropriate cache size include the number of users working on the
967 machine, the size of the files with which they work, and (for a memory cache) the number of processes that run on the machine.
968 The higher the demand from these factors, the larger the cache needs to be to maintain good performance.</para>
970 <para>Disk caches smaller than 10 MB do not generally perform well. Machines serving multiple users usually perform better with
971 a cache of at least 60 to 70 MB. The point at which enlarging the cache further does not really improve performance depends on
972 the factors mentioned previously and is difficult to predict.</para>
974 <para>Memory caches smaller than 1 MB are nonfunctional, and the performance of caches smaller than 5 MB is usually
975 unsatisfactory. Suitable upper limits are similar to those for disk caches but are probably determined more by the demands on
976 memory from other sources on the machine (number of users and processes). Machines running only a few processes possibly can use
977 a smaller memory cache.</para>
979 <sect2 id="HDRWQ147">
980 <title>Configuring a Disk Cache</title>
983 <para>Not all file system types that an operating system supports are necessarily supported for use as the cache partition.
984 For possible restrictions, see the <emphasis>OpenAFS Release Notes</emphasis>.</para>
987 <para>To configure the disk cache, perform the following procedures: <orderedlist>
989 <para>Create the local directory to use for caching. The following instruction shows the conventional location,
990 <emphasis role="bold">/usr/vice/cache</emphasis>. If you are devoting a partition exclusively to caching, as
991 recommended, you must also configure it, make a file system on it, and mount it at the directory created in this step.
993 # <emphasis role="bold">mkdir /usr/vice/cache</emphasis>
994 </programlisting></para>
998 <para>Create the <emphasis role="bold">cacheinfo</emphasis> file to define the configuration parameters discussed
999 previously. The following instruction shows the standard mount location, <emphasis role="bold">/afs</emphasis>, and the
1000 standard cache location, <emphasis role="bold">/usr/vice/cache</emphasis>. <programlisting>
1001 # <emphasis role="bold">echo "/afs:/usr/vice/cache:</emphasis><replaceable>#blocks</replaceable><emphasis role="bold">" > /usr/vice/etc/cacheinfo</emphasis>
1002 </programlisting></para>
1004 <para>The following example defines the disk cache size as 50,000 KB:</para>
1007 # <emphasis role="bold">echo "/afs:/usr/vice/cache:50000" > /usr/vice/etc/cacheinfo</emphasis>
1010 </orderedlist></para>
1013 <sect2 id="HDRWQ148">
1014 <title>Configuring a Memory Cache</title>
1016 <para>To configure a memory cache, create the <emphasis role="bold">cacheinfo</emphasis> file to define the configuration
1017 parameters discussed previously. The following instruction shows the standard mount location, <emphasis
1018 role="bold">/afs</emphasis>, and the standard cache location, <emphasis role="bold">/usr/vice/cache</emphasis> (though the
1019 exact value of the latter is irrelevant for a memory cache).</para>
1022 # <emphasis role="bold">echo "/afs:/usr/vice/cache:</emphasis><replaceable>#blocks</replaceable><emphasis role="bold">" > /usr/vice/etc/cacheinfo</emphasis>
1025 <para>The following example allocates 25,000 KB of memory for the cache.</para>
1028 # <emphasis role="bold">echo "/afs:/usr/vice/cache:25000" > /usr/vice/etc/cacheinfo</emphasis>
1032 <primary>afs (/afs) directory</primary>
1034 <secondary>creating</secondary>
1036 <tertiary>client machine</tertiary>
1040 <primary>afs (/afs) directory</primary>
1042 <secondary>as root of AFS filespace</secondary>
1046 <primary>AFS filespace</primary>
1048 <secondary>root at /afs directory</secondary>
1052 <primary>directories</primary>
1054 <secondary>/afs</secondary>
1058 <primary>afsd</primary>
1060 <secondary>options file (Linux)</secondary>
1064 <primary>files</primary>
1066 <secondary>afsd options file (Linux)</secondary>
1070 <primary>files</primary>
1072 <secondary>afs</secondary>
1074 <tertiary>afsd options file (Linux)</tertiary>
1078 <primary>afs file</primary>
1080 <secondary>afsd options file (Linux)</secondary>
1084 <primary>etc/sysconfig/afs</primary>
1090 <primary>Linux</primary>
1092 <secondary>afsd options file</secondary>
1096 <primary>client machine</primary>
1098 <secondary>afsd options file (Linux)</secondary>
1102 <primary>afsd</primary>
1104 <secondary>command in AFS init. script</secondary>
1108 <primary>commands</primary>
1110 <secondary>afsd</secondary>
1114 <primary>OPTIONS variable in AFS initialization file</primary>
1118 <primary>files</primary>
1120 <secondary>AFS initialization</secondary>
1122 <see>AFS initialization script</see>
1126 <primary>scripts</primary>
1128 <secondary>AFS initialization</secondary>
1130 <see>AFS initialization script</see>
1134 <primary>AFS initialization script</primary>
1136 <secondary>setting afsd parameters</secondary>
1138 <tertiary>client machine</tertiary>
1142 <primary>client machine</primary>
1144 <secondary>afsd command parameters</secondary>
1148 <primary>variables</primary>
1150 <secondary>OPTIONS (in AFS initialization file)</secondary>
1154 <primary>environment variables</primary>
1156 <see>variables</see>
1160 <primary>Cache Manager</primary>
1162 <secondary>client machine</secondary>
1166 <primary>configuring</primary>
1168 <secondary>Cache Manager</secondary>
1170 <tertiary>client machine</tertiary>
1174 <primary>client machine</primary>
1176 <secondary>Cache Manager</secondary>
1182 <sect1 id="HDRWQ149">
1183 <title>Configuring the Cache Manager</title>
1185 <para>By convention, the Cache Manager mounts the AFS filespace on the local <emphasis role="bold">/afs</emphasis> directory. In
1186 this section you create that directory.</para>
1188 <para>The <emphasis role="bold">afsd</emphasis> program sets several cache configuration parameters as it initializes the Cache
1189 Manager, and starts daemons that improve performance. You can use the <emphasis role="bold">afsd</emphasis> command's arguments
1190 to override the parameters' default values and to change the number of some of the daemons. Depending on the machine's cache
1191 size, its amount of RAM, and how many people work on it, you can sometimes improve Cache Manager performance by overriding the
1192 default values. For a discussion of all of the <emphasis role="bold">afsd</emphasis> command's arguments, see its reference page
1193 in the <emphasis>OpenAFS Administration Reference</emphasis>.</para>
1195 <para>On platforms using the standard 'afs' initialisation script (this does
1196 not apply to Fedora or RHEL based distributions), the
1197 <emphasis role="bold">afsd</emphasis> command line in the AFS
1198 initialization script on each system type includes an
1199 <computeroutput>OPTIONS</computeroutput> variable. You can use it to set
1200 nondefault values for the command's arguments, in one
1201 of the following ways: <itemizedlist>
1203 <para>You can create an <emphasis role="bold">afsd</emphasis> <emphasis>options file</emphasis> that sets values for
1204 arguments to the <emphasis role="bold">afsd</emphasis> command. If the file exists, its contents are automatically
1205 substituted for the <computeroutput>OPTIONS</computeroutput> variable in the AFS initialization script. The AFS
1206 distribution for some system types includes an options file; on other system types, you must create it.</para>
1208 <para>You use two variables in the AFS initialization script to specify the path to the options file:
1209 <computeroutput>CONFIG</computeroutput> and <computeroutput>AFSDOPT</computeroutput>. On system types that define a
1210 conventional directory for configuration files, the <computeroutput>CONFIG</computeroutput> variable indicates it by
1211 default; otherwise, the variable indicates an appropriate location.</para>
1213 <para>List the desired <emphasis role="bold">afsd</emphasis> options on a single line in the options file, separating each
1214 option with one or more spaces. The following example sets the <emphasis role="bold">-stat</emphasis> argument to 2500,
1215 the <emphasis role="bold">-daemons</emphasis> argument to 4, and the <emphasis role="bold">-volumes</emphasis> argument to
1219 -stat 2500 -daemons 4 -volumes 100
1224 <para>On a machine that uses a disk cache, you can set the <computeroutput>OPTIONS</computeroutput> variable in the AFS
1225 initialization script to one of <computeroutput>$SMALL</computeroutput>, <computeroutput>$MEDIUM</computeroutput>, or
1226 <computeroutput>$LARGE</computeroutput>. The AFS initialization script uses one of these settings if the <emphasis
1227 role="bold">afsd</emphasis> options file named by the <computeroutput>AFSDOPT</computeroutput> variable does not exist. In
1228 the script as distributed, the <computeroutput>OPTIONS</computeroutput> variable is set to the value
1229 <computeroutput>$MEDIUM</computeroutput>.</para>
1232 <para>Do not set the <computeroutput>OPTIONS</computeroutput> variable to <computeroutput>$SMALL</computeroutput>,
1233 <computeroutput>$MEDIUM</computeroutput>, or <computeroutput>$LARGE</computeroutput> on a machine that uses a memory
1234 cache. The arguments it sets are appropriate only on a machine that uses a disk cache.</para>
1237 <para>The script (or on some system types the <emphasis role="bold">afsd</emphasis> options file named by the
1238 <computeroutput>AFSDOPT</computeroutput> variable) defines a value for each of <computeroutput>SMALL</computeroutput>,
1239 <computeroutput>MEDIUM</computeroutput>, and <computeroutput>LARGE</computeroutput> that sets <emphasis
1240 role="bold">afsd</emphasis> command arguments appropriately for client machines of different sizes: <itemizedlist>
1242 <para><computeroutput>SMALL</computeroutput> is suitable for a small machine that serves one or two users and has
1243 approximately 8 MB of RAM and a 20-MB cache</para>
1247 <para><computeroutput>MEDIUM</computeroutput> is suitable for a medium-sized machine that serves two to six users
1248 and has 16 MB of RAM and a 40-MB cache</para>
1252 <para><computeroutput>LARGE</computeroutput> is suitable for a large machine that serves five to ten users and has
1253 32 MB of RAM and a 100-MB cache</para>
1255 </itemizedlist></para>
1259 <para>You can choose not to create an <emphasis role="bold">afsd</emphasis> options file and to set the
1260 <computeroutput>OPTIONS</computeroutput> variable in the initialization script to a null value rather than to the default
1261 <computeroutput>$MEDIUM</computeroutput> value. You can then either set arguments directly on the <emphasis
1262 role="bold">afsd</emphasis> command line in the script, or set no arguments (and so accept default values for all Cache
1263 Manager parameters).</para>
1268 <para>If you are running on a Fedora or RHEL based system, the
1269 openafs-client initialization script behaves differently from that
1270 described above. It sources
1271 <emphasis role="bold">/etc/sysconfig/openafs</emphasis>, in which the
1272 AFSD_ARGS variable may be set to contain any, or all, of the afsd
1273 options detailed above. Note that this script does not support setting
1274 an <computeroutput>OPTIONS</computeroutput> variable, or the
1275 <computeroutput>SMALL</computeroutput>,
1276 <computeroutput>MEDIUM</computeroutput> and
1277 <computeroutput>LARGE</computeroutput> methods of defining cache size.
1283 <para>Create the local directory on which to mount the AFS filespace, by convention <emphasis role="bold">/afs</emphasis>.
1284 If the directory already exists, verify that it is empty. <programlisting>
1285 # <emphasis role="bold">mkdir /afs</emphasis>
1286 </programlisting></para>
1290 <para>On non-package based Linux systems, copy the <emphasis role="bold">afsd</emphasis> options file from the <emphasis
1291 role="bold">/usr/vice/etc</emphasis> directory to the <emphasis role="bold">/etc/sysconfig</emphasis> directory, removing
1292 the <emphasis role="bold">.conf</emphasis> extension as you do so. <programlisting>
1293 # <emphasis role="bold">cp /usr/vice/etc/afs.conf /etc/sysconfig/afs</emphasis>
1294 </programlisting></para>
1298 <para>Edit the machine's AFS initialization script or <emphasis role="bold">afsd</emphasis> options file to set
1299 appropriate values for <emphasis role="bold">afsd</emphasis> command parameters. The appropriate file for each system type
1300 is as follows: <itemizedlist>
1302 <para>On Fedora and RHEL systems, <emphasis role="bold">/etc/sysconfig/openafs</emphasis></para>
1306 <para>On Linux systems, <emphasis role="bold">/etc/sysconfig/afs</emphasis> (the <emphasis
1307 role="bold">afsd</emphasis> options file)</para>
1311 <para>On Solaris systems, <emphasis role="bold">/etc/init.d/afs</emphasis></para>
1313 </itemizedlist></para>
1315 <para>Use one of the methods described in the introduction to this section to add the following flags to the <emphasis
1316 role="bold">afsd</emphasis> command line. Also set any performance-related arguments you wish. <itemizedlist>
1318 <para>Add the <emphasis role="bold">-memcache</emphasis> flag if the machine is to use a memory cache.</para>
1322 <para>Add the <emphasis role="bold">-verbose</emphasis> flag to display a trace of the Cache Manager's
1323 initialization on the standard output stream.</para>
1325 </itemizedlist></para>
1327 </orderedlist></para>
1330 <primary>AFS initialization script</primary>
1332 <secondary>running</secondary>
1334 <tertiary>client machine</tertiary>
1338 <primary>client machine</primary>
1340 <secondary>AFS initialization script</secondary>
1344 <primary>running AFS init. script</primary>
1346 <secondary>client machine</secondary>
1350 <primary>installing</primary>
1352 <secondary>AFS initialization script</secondary>
1354 <tertiary>client machine</tertiary>
1358 <primary>AFS initialization script</primary>
1360 <secondary>adding to machine startup sequence</secondary>
1362 <tertiary>client machine</tertiary>
1366 <sect1 id="HDRWQ150">
1367 <title>Starting the Cache Manager and Installing the AFS Initialization Script</title>
1369 <para>In this section you run the AFS initialization script to start the Cache Manager. If the script works correctly, perform
1370 the steps that incorporate it into the machine's startup and shutdown sequence. If there are problems during the initialization,
1371 attempt to resolve them. The AFS Product Support group can provide assistance if necessary.</para>
1373 <para>On machines that use a disk cache, it can take a while for the <emphasis role="bold">afsd</emphasis> program to run the
1374 first time on a machine, because it must create all of the <emphasis role="bold">V</emphasis><replaceable>n</replaceable> files
1375 in the cache directory. Subsequent Cache Manager initializations do not take nearly as long, because the <emphasis
1376 role="bold">V</emphasis><replaceable>n</replaceable> files already exist.</para>
1378 <para>On system types that use a dynamic loader program, you must reboot the machine before running the initialization script,
1379 so that it can freshly load AFS modifications into the kernel.</para>
1381 <para>Proceed to the instructions for your system type:</para>
1385 <para><link linkend="HDRWQ155">Running the Script on Linux Systems</link></para>
1389 <para><link linkend="HDRWQ156">Running the Script on Solaris Systems</link></para>
1394 <primary>afs file</primary>
1396 <secondary>AFS initialization file</secondary>
1400 <primary>files</primary>
1402 <secondary>afs</secondary>
1404 <tertiary>AFS initialization file</tertiary>
1408 <primary>etc/rc.d/init.d/afs</primary>
1414 <primary>Linux</primary>
1416 <secondary>AFS initialization script</secondary>
1418 <tertiary>on client machine</tertiary>
1422 <title>Running the Script on Fedora / RHEL Systems</title>
1426 <para>Reboot the machine and log in again as the local superuser <emphasis role="bold">root</emphasis>. <programlisting>
1427 # <emphasis role="bold">cd /</emphasis>
1428 # <emphasis role="bold">shutdown -r now</emphasis>
1429 login: <emphasis role="bold">root</emphasis>
1430 Password: <replaceable>root_password</replaceable>
1431 </programlisting></para>
1435 <para>Run the AFS initialization script.
1437 # <emphasis role="bold">/etc/rc.d/init.d/openafs-client start</emphasis>
1438 </programlisting></para>
1442 <para>Issue the <emphasis role="bold">chkconfig</emphasis> command to activate the <emphasis role="bold">openafs-client</emphasis>
1443 configuration variable. Based on the instruction in the AFS initialization file that begins with the string
1444 <computeroutput>#chkconfig</computeroutput>, the command automatically creates the symbolic links that incorporate the
1445 script into the Linux startup and shutdown sequence. <programlisting>
1446 # <emphasis role="bold">/sbin/chkconfig --add openafs-client</emphasis>
1447 </programlisting></para>
1452 <sect2 id="HDRWQ155">
1453 <title>Running the Script on other Linux Systems</title>
1457 <para>Reboot the machine and log in again as the local superuser <emphasis role="bold">root</emphasis>. <programlisting>
1458 # <emphasis role="bold">cd /</emphasis>
1459 # <emphasis role="bold">shutdown -r now</emphasis>
1460 login: <emphasis role="bold">root</emphasis>
1461 Password: <replaceable>root_password</replaceable>
1462 </programlisting></para>
1466 <para>Run the AFS initialization script. <programlisting>
1467 # <emphasis role="bold">/etc/rc.d/init.d/afs start</emphasis>
1468 </programlisting></para>
1472 <para>Issue the <emphasis role="bold">chkconfig</emphasis> command to activate the <emphasis role="bold">afs</emphasis>
1473 configuration variable. Based on the instruction in the AFS initialization file that begins with the string
1474 <computeroutput>#chkconfig</computeroutput>, the command automatically creates the symbolic links that incorporate the
1475 script into the Linux startup and shutdown sequence. <programlisting>
1476 # <emphasis role="bold">/sbin/chkconfig --add afs</emphasis>
1477 </programlisting></para>
1481 <para><emphasis role="bold">(Optional)</emphasis> There are now copies of the AFS initialization file in both the
1482 <emphasis role="bold">/usr/vice/etc</emphasis> and <emphasis role="bold">/etc/rc.d/init.d</emphasis> directories, and
1483 copies of the <emphasis role="bold">afsd</emphasis> options file in both the <emphasis
1484 role="bold">/usr/vice/etc</emphasis> and <emphasis role="bold">/etc/sysconfig</emphasis> directories. If you want to avoid
1485 potential confusion by guaranteeing that the two copies of each file are always the same, create a link between them. You
1486 can always retrieve the original script or options file from the AFS CD-ROM if necessary. <programlisting>
1487 # <emphasis role="bold">cd /usr/vice/etc</emphasis>
1488 # <emphasis role="bold">rm afs.rc afs.conf</emphasis>
1489 # <emphasis role="bold">ln -s /etc/rc.d/init.d/afs afs.rc</emphasis>
1490 # <emphasis role="bold">ln -s /etc/sysconfig/afs afs.conf</emphasis>
1491 </programlisting></para>
1495 <para>If a volume for housing AFS binaries for this machine's system type does not already exist, proceed to <link
1496 linkend="HDRWQ157">Setting Up Volumes and Loading Binaries into AFS</link>. Otherwise, the installation is
1502 <primary>afs file</primary>
1504 <secondary>AFS initialization file</secondary>
1508 <primary>files</primary>
1510 <secondary>afs</secondary>
1512 <tertiary>AFS initialization file</tertiary>
1516 <primary>Solaris</primary>
1518 <secondary>AFS initialization script</secondary>
1520 <tertiary>on client machine</tertiary>
1524 <sect2 id="HDRWQ156">
1525 <title>Running the Script on Solaris Systems</title>
1529 <para>Reboot the machine and log in again as the local superuser <emphasis role="bold">root</emphasis>. <programlisting>
1530 # <emphasis role="bold">cd /</emphasis>
1531 # <emphasis role="bold">shutdown -i6 -g0 -y</emphasis>
1532 login: <emphasis role="bold">root</emphasis>
1533 Password: <replaceable>root_password</replaceable>
1534 </programlisting></para>
1538 <para>Run the AFS initialization script. <programlisting>
1539 # <emphasis role="bold">/etc/init.d/afs start</emphasis>
1540 </programlisting></para>
1544 <para>Change to the <emphasis role="bold">/etc/init.d</emphasis> directory and issue the <emphasis role="bold">ln
1545 -s</emphasis> command to create symbolic links that incorporate the AFS initialization script into the Solaris startup and
1546 shutdown sequence. <programlisting>
1547 # <emphasis role="bold">cd /etc/init.d</emphasis>
1548 # <emphasis role="bold">ln -s ../init.d/afs /etc/rc3.d/S99afs</emphasis>
1549 # <emphasis role="bold">ln -s ../init.d/afs /etc/rc0.d/K66afs</emphasis>
1550 </programlisting></para>
1554 <para><emphasis role="bold">(Optional)</emphasis> There are now copies of the AFS initialization file in both the
1555 <emphasis role="bold">/usr/vice/etc</emphasis> and <emphasis role="bold">/etc/init.d</emphasis> directories. If you want
1556 to avoid potential confusion by guaranteeing that they are always the same, create a link between them. You can always
1557 retrieve the original script from the OpenAFS Binary Distribution if necessary. <programlisting>
1558 # <emphasis role="bold">cd /usr/vice/etc</emphasis>
1559 # <emphasis role="bold">rm afs.rc</emphasis>
1560 # <emphasis role="bold">ln -s /etc/init.d/afs afs.rc</emphasis>
1561 </programlisting></para>
1565 <para>If a volume for housing AFS binaries for this machine's system type does not already exist, proceed to <link
1566 linkend="HDRWQ157">Setting Up Volumes and Loading Binaries into AFS</link>. Otherwise, the installation is
1572 <primary>storing</primary>
1574 <secondary>AFS binaries in volumes</secondary>
1578 <primary>creating</primary>
1580 <secondary>volume</secondary>
1582 <tertiary>for AFS binaries</tertiary>
1586 <primary>volume</primary>
1588 <secondary>for AFS binaries</secondary>
1592 <primary>binaries</primary>
1594 <secondary>storing AFS in volume</secondary>
1598 <primary>usr/afsws directory</primary>
1602 <primary>directories</primary>
1604 <secondary>/usr/afsws</secondary>
1609 <sect1 id="HDRWQ157">
1610 <title>Setting Up Volumes and Loading Binaries into AFS</title>
1612 <note><para>If you are using an operating system which uses packaged
1613 binaries, such as .rpms or .debs, you should allow these package management
1614 systems to maintain your AFS binaries, rather than following the
1615 instructions in this section.</para></note>
1617 <para>In this section, you link <emphasis role="bold">/usr/afsws</emphasis> on the local disk to the directory in AFS that
1618 houses AFS binaries for this system type. The conventional name for the AFS directory is <emphasis
1619 role="bold">/afs/</emphasis><replaceable>cellname</replaceable><emphasis
1620 role="bold">/</emphasis><replaceable>sysname</replaceable><emphasis role="bold">/usr/afsws</emphasis>.</para>
1622 <para>If this machine is an existing system type, the AFS directory presumably already exists. You can simply create a link from
1623 the local <emphasis role="bold">/usr/afsws</emphasis> directory to it. Follow the instructions in <link
1624 linkend="HDRWQ158">Linking /usr/afsws on an Existing System Type</link>.</para>
1626 <para>If this machine is a new system type (there are no AFS machines of this type in your cell), you must first create and
1627 mount volumes to store its AFS binaries, and then create the link from <emphasis role="bold">/usr/afsws</emphasis> to the new
1628 directory. See <link linkend="HDRWQ159">Creating Binary Volumes for a New System Type</link>.</para>
1630 <para>You can also store UNIX system binaries (the files normally stored in local disk directories such as <emphasis
1631 role="bold">/bin</emphasis>, <emphasis role="bold">/etc</emphasis>, and <emphasis role="bold">/lib</emphasis>) in volumes
1632 mounted under <emphasis role="bold">/afs/</emphasis><replaceable>cellname</replaceable><emphasis
1633 role="bold">/</emphasis><replaceable>sysname</replaceable>. See <link linkend="HDRWQ88">Storing System Binaries in AFS</link>
1636 <sect2 id="HDRWQ158">
1637 <title>Linking /usr/afsws on an Existing System Type</title>
1639 <para>If this client machine is an existing system type, there is already a volume mounted in the AFS filespace that houses
1640 AFS client binaries for it. <orderedlist>
1642 <para>Create <emphasis role="bold">/usr/afsws</emphasis> on the local disk as a symbolic link to the directory <emphasis
1643 role="bold">/afs/</emphasis><replaceable>cellname</replaceable><emphasis role="bold">/@sys/usr/afsws</emphasis>. You can
1644 specify the actual system name instead of <emphasis role="bold">@sys</emphasis> if you wish, but the advantage of using
1645 <emphasis role="bold">@sys</emphasis> is that it remains valid if you upgrade this machine to a different system type.
1647 # <emphasis role="bold">ln -s /afs/</emphasis><replaceable>cellname</replaceable><emphasis role="bold">/@sys/usr/afsws /usr/afsws</emphasis>
1648 </programlisting></para>
1652 <para><emphasis role="bold">(Optional)</emphasis> If you believe it is helpful to your users to access the AFS documents
1653 in a certain format via a local disk directory, create <emphasis role="bold">/usr/afsdoc</emphasis> on the local disk as
1654 a symbolic link to the documentation directory in AFS (<emphasis
1655 role="bold">/afs/</emphasis><replaceable>cellname</replaceable><emphasis
1656 role="bold">/afsdoc/</emphasis><replaceable>format_name</replaceable>). <programlisting>
1657 # <emphasis role="bold">ln -s /afs/</emphasis><replaceable>cellname</replaceable><emphasis role="bold">/afsdoc/</emphasis><replaceable>format_name</replaceable> <emphasis
1658 role="bold">/usr/afsdoc</emphasis>
1659 </programlisting></para>
1661 <para>An alternative is to create a link in each user's home directory to the <emphasis
1662 role="bold">/afs/</emphasis><replaceable>cellname</replaceable><emphasis
1663 role="bold">/afsdoc/</emphasis><replaceable>format_name</replaceable> directory.</para>
1665 </orderedlist></para>
1668 <sect2 id="HDRWQ159">
1669 <title>Creating Binary Volumes for a New System Type</title>
1671 <para>If this client machine is a new system type, you must create and mount volumes for its binaries before you can link the
1672 local <emphasis role="bold">/usr/afsws</emphasis> directory to an AFS directory.</para>
1674 <para>To create and mount the volumes, you use the
1675 <emphasis role="bold">kinit</emphasis> command to authenticate as an
1676 administrator, followed by the <emphasis role="bold">aklog</emphasis>
1677 command to gain tokens, and then issue commands from the
1678 <emphasis role="bold">vos</emphasis> and
1679 <emphasis role="bold">fs</emphasis> command suites. However, the
1680 command binaries are not yet available on this machine (by convention,
1681 they are accessible via the <emphasis role="bold">/usr/afsws</emphasis>
1682 link that you are about to create). You have two choices:
1685 <para>Perform all steps except the last one (Step <link linkend="LIWQ162">10</link>) on an existing AFS machine. On a
1686 file server machine, the <emphasis role="bold">aklog</emphasis>, <emphasis role="bold">fs</emphasis> and <emphasis
1687 role="bold">vos</emphasis> binaries reside in the <emphasis role="bold">/usr/afs/bin</emphasis> directory. On client
1688 machines, the <emphasis role="bold">aklog</emphasis> and <emphasis role="bold">fs</emphasis> binaries reside in the
1689 <emphasis role="bold">/usr/afsws/bin</emphasis> directory and the <emphasis role="bold">vos</emphasis> binary in the
1690 <emphasis role="bold">/usr/afsws/etc</emphasis> directory. Depending on how your PATH environment variable is set, you
1691 possibly need to precede the command names with a pathname.</para>
1693 <para>If you work on another AFS machine, be sure to substitute the new system type name for the
1694 <replaceable>sysname</replaceable> argument in the following commands, not the system type of the machine on which you
1695 are issuing the commands.</para>
1699 <para>Copy the necessary command binaries to a temporary location on the local disk, which enables you to perform the
1700 steps on the local machine. The following procedure installs them in the <emphasis role="bold">/tmp</emphasis> directory
1701 and removes them at the end. Depending on how your PATH environment variable is set, you possibly need to precede the
1702 command names with a pathname.</para>
1704 </itemizedlist></para>
1706 <para>Perform the following steps to create a volume for housing AFS binaries. <orderedlist>
1708 <para>Working either on the local machine or another AFS machine,
1709 extract the Open AFS distribtion tarball onto a directory on that
1710 machine. The following instructions assume that you are using the
1711 <emphasis role="bold">/tmp/afsdist</emphasis> directory.</para>
1715 <para>If working on the local machine, copy the necessary binaries to a temporary location on the local disk. Substitute
1716 a different directory name for <emphasis role="bold">/tmp</emphasis> if you wish. <programlisting>
1717 # <emphasis role="bold">cd /tmp/afsdist/</emphasis><replaceable>new_sysname</replaceable><emphasis role="bold">/root.server/usr/afs/bin</emphasis>
1718 # <emphasis role="bold">cp -p aklog /tmp</emphasis>
1719 # <emphasis role="bold">cp -p fs /tmp</emphasis>
1720 # <emphasis role="bold">cp -p vos /tmp</emphasis>
1721 </programlisting></para>
1725 <para>Authenticate as the user <emphasis role="bold">admin</emphasis>.
1727 # <emphasis role="bold">kinit admin</emphasis>
1728 Password: <replaceable>admin_password</replaceable>
1729 # <emphasis role="bold">aklog</emphasis>
1730 </programlisting></para>
1733 <listitem id="LIWQ160">
1734 <para>Issue the <emphasis role="bold">vos create</emphasis> command to create volumes for storing
1735 the AFS client binaries for this system type. The following example instruction creates volumes called
1736 <replaceable>sysname</replaceable>, <replaceable>sysname</replaceable>.<emphasis role="bold">usr</emphasis>, and
1737 <replaceable>sysname</replaceable>.<emphasis role="bold">usr.afsws</emphasis>. Refer to the <emphasis>OpenAFS Release
1738 Notes</emphasis> to learn the proper value of <replaceable>sysname</replaceable> for this system type. <programlisting>
1739 # <emphasis role="bold">vos create</emphasis> <<replaceable>machine name</replaceable>> <<replaceable>partition name</replaceable>> <replaceable>sysname</replaceable>
1740 # <emphasis role="bold">vos create</emphasis> <<replaceable>machine name</replaceable>> <<replaceable>partition name</replaceable>> <replaceable>sysname</replaceable><emphasis
1741 role="bold">.usr</emphasis>
1742 # <emphasis role="bold">vos create</emphasis> <<replaceable>machine name</replaceable>> <<replaceable>partition name</replaceable>> <replaceable>sysname</replaceable><emphasis
1743 role="bold">.usr.afsws</emphasis>
1744 </programlisting></para>
1748 <para>Issue the <emphasis role="bold">fs mkmount</emphasis> command to mount the newly created volumes. Because the
1749 <emphasis role="bold">root.cell</emphasis> volume is replicated, you must precede the <emphasis>cellname</emphasis> part
1750 of the pathname with a period to specify the read/write mount point, as shown. Then issue the <emphasis role="bold">vos
1751 release</emphasis> command to release a new replica of the <emphasis role="bold">root.cell</emphasis> volume, and the
1752 <emphasis role="bold">fs checkvolumes</emphasis> command to force the local Cache Manager to access them.
1754 # <emphasis role="bold">fs mkmount -dir /afs/.</emphasis><replaceable>cellname</replaceable><emphasis role="bold">/</emphasis><replaceable>sysname</replaceable> <emphasis
1755 role="bold">-vol</emphasis> <replaceable>sysname</replaceable>
1756 # <emphasis role="bold">fs mkmount -dir /afs/.</emphasis><replaceable>cellname</replaceable><emphasis role="bold">/</emphasis><replaceable>sysname</replaceable><emphasis
1757 role="bold">/usr</emphasis> <emphasis role="bold">-vol</emphasis> <replaceable>sysname</replaceable><emphasis
1758 role="bold">.usr</emphasis>
1759 # <emphasis role="bold">fs mkmount -dir /afs/.</emphasis><replaceable>cellname</replaceable><emphasis role="bold">/</emphasis><replaceable>sysname</replaceable><emphasis
1760 role="bold">/usr/afsws</emphasis> <emphasis role="bold">-vol</emphasis> <replaceable>sysname</replaceable><emphasis
1761 role="bold">.usr.afsws</emphasis>
1762 # <emphasis role="bold">vos release root.cell</emphasis>
1763 # <emphasis role="bold">fs checkvolumes</emphasis>
1764 </programlisting></para>
1768 <para>Issue the <emphasis role="bold">fs setacl</emphasis> command to grant the <emphasis role="bold">l</emphasis>
1769 (<emphasis role="bold">lookup</emphasis>) and <emphasis role="bold">r</emphasis> (<emphasis role="bold">read</emphasis>)
1770 permissions to the <emphasis role="bold">system:anyuser</emphasis> group on each new directory's ACL. <programlisting>
1771 # <emphasis role="bold">cd /afs/.</emphasis><replaceable>cellname</replaceable><emphasis role="bold">/</emphasis><replaceable>sysname</replaceable>
1772 # <emphasis role="bold">fs setacl -dir . usr usr/afsws -acl system:anyuser rl</emphasis>
1773 </programlisting></para>
1777 <para>Issue the <emphasis role="bold">fs setquota</emphasis> command to set an unlimited quota on the volume mounted at
1778 the <emphasis role="bold">/afs/</emphasis><replaceable>cellname</replaceable><emphasis
1779 role="bold">/</emphasis><replaceable>sysname</replaceable><emphasis role="bold">/usr/afsws</emphasis> directory. This
1780 enables you to copy all of the appropriate files from the CD-ROM into the volume without exceeding the volume's
1783 <para>If you wish, you can set the volume's quota to a finite value after you complete the copying operation. At that
1784 point, use the <emphasis role="bold">vos examine</emphasis> command to determine how much space the volume is occupying.
1785 Then issue the <emphasis role="bold">fs setquota</emphasis> command to set a quota that is slightly larger.</para>
1788 # <emphasis role="bold">fs setquota /afs/.</emphasis><replaceable>cellname</replaceable><emphasis role="bold">/</emphasis><replaceable>sysname</replaceable><emphasis
1789 role="bold">/usr/afsws 0</emphasis>
1793 <listitem id="LIWQ161">
1794 <para>Copy the contents of the indicated
1795 directories from the OpenAFS binary distribution into the
1796 <emphasis role="bold">/afs/</emphasis><replaceable>cellname</replaceable><emphasis
1797 role="bold">/</emphasis><replaceable>sysname</replaceable><emphasis role="bold">/usr/afsws</emphasis> directory.
1799 # <emphasis role="bold">cd /afs/.</emphasis><replaceable>cellname</replaceable><emphasis role="bold">/</emphasis><replaceable>sysname</replaceable><emphasis
1800 role="bold">/usr/afsws</emphasis>
1801 # <emphasis role="bold">cp -rp /cdrom/</emphasis><replaceable>sysname</replaceable><emphasis role="bold">/bin .</emphasis>
1802 # <emphasis role="bold">cp -rp /cdrom/</emphasis><replaceable>sysname</replaceable><emphasis role="bold">/etc .</emphasis>
1803 # <emphasis role="bold">cp -rp /cdrom/</emphasis><replaceable>sysname</replaceable><emphasis role="bold">/include .</emphasis>
1804 # <emphasis role="bold">cp -rp /cdrom/</emphasis><replaceable>sysname</replaceable><emphasis role="bold">/lib .</emphasis>
1805 </programlisting></para>
1809 <para>Issue the <emphasis role="bold">fs setacl</emphasis> command
1810 to set the ACL on each directory appropriately. If you wish to
1811 enable access to the software for locally authenticated users only,
1812 set the ACL on the <emphasis role="bold">etc</emphasis>,
1813 <emphasis role="bold">include</emphasis>, and
1814 <emphasis role="bold">lib</emphasis> subdirectories to grant the
1815 <emphasis role="bold">l</emphasis> and
1816 <emphasis role="bold">r</emphasis> permissions to the
1817 <emphasis role="bold">system:authuser</emphasis> group rather than
1818 the <emphasis role="bold">system:anyuser</emphasis> group. The
1819 <emphasis role="bold">system:anyuser</emphasis> group must retain
1820 the <emphasis role="bold">l</emphasis> and
1821 <emphasis role="bold">r</emphasis> permissions on the
1822 <emphasis role="bold">bin</emphasis> subdirectory to enable
1823 unauthenticated users to access the
1824 <emphasis role="bold">aklog</emphasis> binary.
1826 # <emphasis role="bold">cd /afs/.</emphasis><replaceable>cellname</replaceable><emphasis role="bold">/</emphasis><replaceable>sysname</replaceable><emphasis
1827 role="bold">/usr/afsws</emphasis>
1828 # <emphasis role="bold">fs setacl -dir etc include lib -acl system:authuser rl</emphasis> \
1829 <emphasis role="bold">system:anyuser none</emphasis>
1830 </programlisting></para>
1833 <listitem id="LIWQ162">
1834 <para>Perform this step on the new client machine even if you have performed the previous steps
1835 on another machine. Create <emphasis role="bold">/usr/afsws</emphasis> on the local disk as a symbolic link to the
1836 directory <emphasis role="bold">/afs/</emphasis><replaceable>cellname</replaceable><emphasis
1837 role="bold">/@sys/usr/afsws</emphasis>. You can specify the actual system name instead of <emphasis
1838 role="bold">@sys</emphasis> if you wish, but the advantage of using <emphasis role="bold">@sys</emphasis> is that it
1839 remains valid if you upgrade this machine to a different system type. <programlisting>
1840 # <emphasis role="bold">ln -s /afs/</emphasis><replaceable>cellname</replaceable><emphasis role="bold">/@sys/usr/afsws /usr/afsws</emphasis>
1841 </programlisting></para>
1845 <para><emphasis role="bold">(Optional)</emphasis> To enable users to issue commands from the AFS suites (such as
1846 <emphasis role="bold">fs</emphasis>) without having to specify a pathname to their binaries, include the <emphasis
1847 role="bold">/usr/afsws/bin</emphasis> and <emphasis role="bold">/usr/afsws/etc</emphasis> directories in the PATH
1848 environment variable you define in each user's shell initialization file (such as <emphasis
1849 role="bold">.cshrc</emphasis>).</para>
1853 <para><emphasis role="bold">(Optional)</emphasis> If you believe it is helpful to your users to access the AFS documents
1854 in a certain format via a local disk directory, create <emphasis role="bold">/usr/afsdoc</emphasis> on the local disk as
1855 a symbolic link to the documentation directory in AFS (<emphasis
1856 role="bold">/afs/</emphasis><replaceable>cellname</replaceable><emphasis
1857 role="bold">/afsdoc/</emphasis><replaceable>format_name</replaceable>). <programlisting>
1858 # <emphasis role="bold">ln -s /afs/</emphasis><replaceable>cellname</replaceable><emphasis role="bold">/afsdoc/</emphasis><replaceable>format_name</replaceable> <emphasis
1859 role="bold">/usr/afsdoc</emphasis>
1860 </programlisting></para>
1862 <para>An alternative is to create a link in each user's home directory to the <emphasis
1863 role="bold">/afs/</emphasis><replaceable>cellname</replaceable><emphasis
1864 role="bold">/afsdoc/</emphasis><replaceable>format_name</replaceable> directory.</para>
1868 <para><emphasis role="bold">(Optional)</emphasis> If working on the local machine, remove the AFS binaries from the
1869 temporary location. They are now accessible in the <emphasis role="bold">/usr/afsws</emphasis> directory.
1871 # <emphasis role="bold">cd /tmp</emphasis>
1872 # <emphasis role="bold">rm klog fs vos</emphasis>
1873 </programlisting></para>
1875 </orderedlist></para>