postfix-master/oqmgr.8.html

   1 <!doctype html public "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
   2         "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
   3 <html> <head>
   4 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=us-ascii">
   5 <title> Postfix manual - oqmgr(8) </title>
   6 </head> <body> <pre>
   7 OQMGR(8)                                                              OQMGR(8)
   8
   9 <b>NAME</b>
  10        oqmgr - old Postfix queue manager
  11
  12 <b>SYNOPSIS</b>
  13        <b>oqmgr</b> [generic Postfix daemon options]
  14
  15 <b>DESCRIPTION</b>
  16        The  <a href="qmgr.8.html"><b>oqmgr</b>(8)</a>  daemon  awaits the arrival of incoming mail
  17        and arranges for its delivery via  Postfix  delivery  pro-
  18        cesses.   The actual mail routing strategy is delegated to
  19        the <a href="trivial-rewrite.8.html"><b>trivial-rewrite</b>(8)</a> daemon.  This program expects to be
  20        run from the <a href="master.8.html"><b>master</b>(8)</a> process manager.
  21
  22        Mail  addressed  to  the  local  <b>double-bounce</b>  address is
  23        logged and discarded.  This stops potential  loops  caused
  24        by undeliverable bounce notifications.
  25
  26 <b>MAIL QUEUES</b>
  27        The <a href="qmgr.8.html"><b>oqmgr</b>(8)</a> daemon maintains the following queues:
  28
  29        <b>incoming</b>
  30               Inbound mail from the network, or mail picked up by
  31               the local <a href="pickup.8.html"><b>pickup</b>(8)</a> agent from the <b>maildrop</b>  direc-
  32               tory.
  33
  34        <b>active</b> Messages  that  the  queue  manager  has opened for
  35               delivery. Only a  limited  number  of  messages  is
  36               allowed  to  enter  the  <b>active</b> queue (leaky bucket
  37               strategy, for a fixed delivery rate).
  38
  39        <b>deferred</b>
  40               Mail that could not be  delivered  upon  the  first
  41               attempt.  The  queue manager implements exponential
  42               backoff  by  doubling  the  time  between  delivery
  43               attempts.
  44
  45        <b>corrupt</b>
  46               Unreadable  or  damaged  queue files are moved here
  47               for inspection.
  48
  49        <b>hold</b>   Messages that are kept  "on  hold"  are  kept  here
  50               until someone sets them free.
  51
  52 <b>DELIVERY STATUS REPORTS</b>
  53        The  <a href="qmgr.8.html"><b>oqmgr</b>(8)</a>  daemon keeps an eye on per-message delivery
  54        status reports in the following directories.  Each  status
  55        report file has the same name as the corresponding message
  56        file:
  57
  58        <b>bounce</b> Per-recipient status information about why mail  is
  59               bounced.    These   files  are  maintained  by  the
  60               <a href="bounce.8.html"><b>bounce</b>(8)</a> daemon.
  61
  62        <b>defer</b>  Per-recipient status information about why mail  is
  63               delayed.    These   files  are  maintained  by  the
  64               <a href="defer.8.html"><b>defer</b>(8)</a> daemon.
  65
  66        <b>trace</b>  Per-recipient status information as requested  with
  67               the  Postfix  "<b>sendmail  -v</b>" or "<b>sendmail -bv</b>" com-
  68               mand.  These files are maintained by  the  <a href="trace.8.html"><b>trace</b>(8)</a>
  69               daemon.
  70
  71        The   <a href="qmgr.8.html"><b>oqmgr</b>(8)</a>   daemon  is  responsible  for  asking  the
  72        <a href="bounce.8.html"><b>bounce</b>(8)</a>, <a href="defer.8.html"><b>defer</b>(8)</a> or <a href="trace.8.html"><b>trace</b>(8)</a> daemons to  send  delivery
  73        reports.
  74
  75 <b>STRATEGIES</b>
  76        The  queue  manager implements a variety of strategies for
  77        either opening queue files (input) or for message delivery
  78        (output).
  79
  80        <b>leaky bucket</b>
  81               This  strategy limits the number of messages in the
  82               <b>active</b> queue and prevents the  queue  manager  from
  83               running out of memory under heavy load.
  84
  85        <b>fairness</b>
  86               When  the  <b>active</b> queue has room, the queue manager
  87               takes one message from the <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#incoming_queue"><b>incoming</b> queue</a>  and  one
  88               from the <b>deferred</b> queue. This prevents a large mail
  89               backlog from blocking the delivery of new mail.
  90
  91        <b>slow start</b>
  92               This strategy eliminates "thundering herd" problems
  93               by slowly adjusting the number of parallel deliver-
  94               ies to the same destination.
  95
  96        <b>round robin</b>
  97               The queue manager sorts delivery requests by desti-
  98               nation.   Round-robin selection prevents one desti-
  99               nation from dominating deliveries to other destina-
 100               tions.
 101
 102        <b>exponential backoff</b>
 103               Mail  that  cannot  be  delivered  upon  the  first
 104               attempt is deferred.   The  time  interval  between
 105               delivery attempts is doubled after each attempt.
 106
 107        <b>destination status cache</b>
 108               The   queue  manager  avoids  unnecessary  delivery
 109               attempts by  maintaining  a  short-term,  in-memory
 110               list of unreachable destinations.
 111
 112 <b>TRIGGERS</b>
 113        On an idle system, the queue manager waits for the arrival
 114        of trigger events, or it waits for a timer to  go  off.  A
 115        trigger  is  a one-byte message.  Depending on the message
 116        received, the queue manager performs one of the  following
 117        actions  (the message is followed by the symbolic constant
 118        used internally by the software):
 119
 120        <b>D (QMGR_REQ_SCAN_DEFERRED)</b>
 121               Start a <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#deferred_queue">deferred queue</a> scan.  If a  deferred  queue
 122               scan  is  already  in  progress,  that scan will be
 123               restarted as soon as it finishes.
 124
 125        <b>I (QMGR_REQ_SCAN_INCOMING)</b>
 126               Start an <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#incoming_queue">incoming queue</a> scan. If an incoming  queue
 127               scan  is  already  in  progress,  that scan will be
 128               restarted as soon as it finishes.
 129
 130        <b>A (QMGR_REQ_SCAN_ALL)</b>
 131               Ignore <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#deferred_queue">deferred queue</a> file time stamps. The request
 132               affects the next <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#deferred_queue">deferred queue</a> scan.
 133
 134        <b>F (QMGR_REQ_FLUSH_DEAD)</b>
 135               Purge  all  information  about  dead transports and
 136               destinations.
 137
 138        <b>W (TRIGGER_REQ_WAKEUP)</b>
 139               Wakeup call, This is used by the master  server  to
 140               instantiate  servers  that  should not go away for-
 141               ever. The action is  to  start  an  <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#incoming_queue">incoming  queue</a>
 142               scan.
 143
 144        The  <a href="qmgr.8.html"><b>oqmgr</b>(8)</a> daemon reads an entire buffer worth of trig-
 145        gers.  Multiple identical trigger requests  are  collapsed
 146        into  one, and trigger requests are sorted so that <b>A</b> and <b>F</b>
 147        precede <b>D</b> and <b>I</b>. Thus, in order to force a <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#deferred_queue">deferred  queue</a>
 148        run, one would request <b>A F D</b>; in order to notify the queue
 149        manager of the arrival of new mail one would request <b>I</b>.
 150
 151 <b>STANDARDS</b>
 152        <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3463">RFC 3463</a> (Enhanced status codes)
 153        <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3464">RFC 3464</a> (Delivery status notifications)
 154
 155 <b>SECURITY</b>
 156        The <a href="qmgr.8.html"><b>oqmgr</b>(8)</a> daemon is not security  sensitive.  It  reads
 157        single-character  messages from untrusted local users, and
 158        thus may be susceptible to denial of service attacks.  The
 159        <a href="qmgr.8.html"><b>oqmgr</b>(8)</a> daemon does not talk to the outside world, and it
 160        can be run at fixed low privilege in a  chrooted  environ-
 161        ment.
 162
 163 <b>DIAGNOSTICS</b>
 164        Problems and transactions are logged to the <b>syslog</b>(8) dae-
 165        mon.  Corrupted message files are  saved  to  the  <b>corrupt</b>
 166        queue for further inspection.
 167
 168        Depending  on the setting of the <b><a href="postconf.5.html#notify_classes">notify_classes</a></b> parameter,
 169        the postmaster is notified of bounces and of  other  trou-
 170        ble.
 171
 172 <b>BUGS</b>
 173        A  single  queue  manager  process has to compete for disk
 174        access  with  multiple   front-end   processes   such   as
 175        <a href="cleanup.8.html"><b>cleanup</b>(8)</a>.  A sudden burst of inbound mail can negatively
 176        impact outbound delivery rates.
 177
 178 <b>CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS</b>
 179        Changes to <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>main.cf</b></a> are not  picked  up  automatically,  as
 180        <a href="qmgr.8.html"><b>oqmgr</b>(8)</a> is a persistent process. Use the command "<b>postfix</b>
 181        <b>reload</b>" after a configuration change.
 182
 183        The text below provides  only  a  parameter  summary.  See
 184        <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>postconf</b>(5)</a> for more details including examples.
 185
 186        In  the text below, <i>transport</i> is the first field in a <b>mas-</b>
 187        <b>ter.cf</b> entry.
 188
 189 <b>COMPATIBILITY CONTROLS</b>
 190        Available before Postfix version 2.5:
 191
 192        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#allow_min_user">allow_min_user</a> (no)</b>
 193               Allow a sender or recipient address to have `-'  as
 194               the first character.
 195
 196        Available with Postfix version 2.7 and later:
 197
 198        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_filter_nexthop">default_filter_nexthop</a> (empty)</b>
 199               When  a  <a href="postconf.5.html#content_filter">content_filter</a> or FILTER request specifies
 200               no explicit next-hop destination, use $default_fil-
 201               ter_nexthop  instead; when that value is empty, use
 202               the domain in the recipient address.
 203
 204 <b>ACTIVE QUEUE CONTROLS</b>
 205        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#qmgr_clog_warn_time">qmgr_clog_warn_time</a> (300s)</b>
 206               The minimal delay between warnings that a  specific
 207               destination  is  clogging  up  the  Postfix  active
 208               queue.
 209
 210        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#qmgr_message_active_limit">qmgr_message_active_limit</a> (20000)</b>
 211               The maximal number of messages in the <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#active_queue">active queue</a>.
 212
 213        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#qmgr_message_recipient_limit">qmgr_message_recipient_limit</a> (20000)</b>
 214               The  maximal number of recipients held in memory by
 215               the Postfix queue manager, and the maximal size  of
 216               the size of the short-term, in-memory "dead" desti-
 217               nation status cache.
 218
 219 <b>DELIVERY CONCURRENCY CONTROLS</b>
 220        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#qmgr_fudge_factor">qmgr_fudge_factor</a> (100)</b>
 221               Obsolete  feature:  the  percentage   of   delivery
 222               resources  that  a busy mail system will use up for
 223               delivery of a large mailing  list message.
 224
 225        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#initial_destination_concurrency">initial_destination_concurrency</a> (5)</b>
 226               The initial per-destination concurrency  level  for
 227               parallel delivery to the same destination.
 228
 229        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_limit">default_destination_concurrency_limit</a> (20)</b>
 230               The  default  maximal number of parallel deliveries
 231               to the same destination.
 232
 233        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#transport_destination_concurrency_limit"><i>transport</i>_destination_concurrency_limit</a> ($<a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_limit">default_destina</a>-</b>
 234        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_limit">tion_concurrency_limit</a>)</b>
 235               Idem, for delivery via the named message <i>transport</i>.
 236
 237        Available in Postfix version 2.5 and later:
 238
 239        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#transport_initial_destination_concurrency"><i>transport</i>_initial_destination_concurrency</a> ($<a href="postconf.5.html#initial_destination_concurrency">initial_desti</a>-</b>
 240        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#initial_destination_concurrency">nation_concurrency</a>)</b>
 241               Initial concurrency for delivery via the named mes-
 242               sage <i>transport</i>.
 243
 244        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_failed_cohort_limit">default_destination_concurrency_failed_cohort_limit</a> (1)</b>
 245               How many pseudo-cohorts must suffer  connection  or
 246               handshake  failure before a specific destination is
 247               considered unavailable  (and  further  delivery  is
 248               suspended).
 249
 250        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#transport_destination_concurrency_failed_cohort_limit"><i>transport</i>_destination_concurrency_failed_cohort_limit</a></b>
 251        <b>($<a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_failed_cohort_limit">default_destination_concurrency_failed_cohort_limit</a>)</b>
 252               Idem, for delivery via the named message <i>transport</i>.
 253
 254        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_negative_feedback">default_destination_concurrency_negative_feedback</a> (1)</b>
 255               The per-destination amount of delivery  concurrency
 256               negative  feedback, after a delivery completes with
 257               a connection or handshake failure.
 258
 259        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#transport_destination_concurrency_negative_feedback"><i>transport</i>_destination_concurrency_negative_feedback</a></b>
 260        <b>($<a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_negative_feedback">default_destination_concurrency_negative_feedback</a>)</b>
 261               Idem, for delivery via the named message <i>transport</i>.
 262
 263        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_positive_feedback">default_destination_concurrency_positive_feedback</a> (1)</b>
 264               The  per-destination amount of delivery concurrency
 265               positive feedback, after a delivery completes with-
 266               out connection or handshake failure.
 267
 268        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#transport_destination_concurrency_positive_feedback"><i>transport</i>_destination_concurrency_positive_feedback</a></b>
 269        <b>($<a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_positive_feedback">default_destination_concurrency_positive_feedback</a>)</b>
 270               Idem, for delivery via the named message <i>transport</i>.
 271
 272        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#destination_concurrency_feedback_debug">destination_concurrency_feedback_debug</a> (no)</b>
 273               Make the queue manager's feedback algorithm verbose
 274               for performance analysis purposes.
 275
 276 <b>RECIPIENT SCHEDULING CONTROLS</b>
 277        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_recipient_limit">default_destination_recipient_limit</a> (50)</b>
 278               The  default  maximal number of recipients per mes-
 279               sage delivery.
 280
 281        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#transport_destination_recipient_limit"><i>transport</i>_destination_recipient_limit</a></b>
 282               Idem, for delivery via the named message <i>transport</i>.
 283
 284 <b>OTHER RESOURCE AND RATE CONTROLS</b>
 285        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#minimal_backoff_time">minimal_backoff_time</a> (300s)</b>
 286               The  minimal  time  between  attempts  to deliver a
 287               deferred message; prior to Postfix 2.4 the  default
 288               value was 1000s.
 289
 290        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#maximal_backoff_time">maximal_backoff_time</a> (4000s)</b>
 291               The  maximal  time  between  attempts  to deliver a
 292               deferred message.
 293
 294        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#maximal_queue_lifetime">maximal_queue_lifetime</a> (5d)</b>
 295               The maximal time a message is queued before  it  is
 296               sent back as undeliverable.
 297
 298        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#queue_run_delay">queue_run_delay</a> (300s)</b>
 299               The  time between <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#deferred_queue">deferred queue</a> scans by the queue
 300               manager; prior to Postfix 2.4 the default value was
 301               1000s.
 302
 303        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#transport_retry_time">transport_retry_time</a> (60s)</b>
 304               The time between attempts by the Postfix queue man-
 305               ager to contact a malfunctioning  message  delivery
 306               transport.
 307
 308        Available in Postfix version 2.1 and later:
 309
 310        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#bounce_queue_lifetime">bounce_queue_lifetime</a> (5d)</b>
 311               The  maximal time a bounce message is queued before
 312               it is considered undeliverable.
 313
 314        Available in Postfix version 2.5 and later:
 315
 316        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_rate_delay">default_destination_rate_delay</a> (0s)</b>
 317               The  default  amount  of  delay  that  is  inserted
 318               between  individual deliveries to the same destina-
 319               tion; with per-destination recipient limit &gt;  1,  a
 320               destination  is a domain, otherwise it is a recipi-
 321               ent.
 322
 323        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#transport_destination_rate_delay"><i>transport</i>_destination_rate_delay</a>         $<a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_rate_delay">default_destina</a>-</b>
 324        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_rate_delay">tion_rate_delay</a></b>
 325               Idem, for delivery via the named message <i>transport</i>.
 326
 327 <b>SAFETY CONTROLS</b>
 328        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#qmgr_daemon_timeout">qmgr_daemon_timeout</a> (1000s)</b>
 329               How  much  time a Postfix queue manager process may
 330               take to handle a request before it is terminated by
 331               a built-in watchdog timer.
 332
 333        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#qmgr_ipc_timeout">qmgr_ipc_timeout</a> (60s)</b>
 334               The  time  limit  for  the queue manager to send or
 335               receive information over an internal  communication
 336               channel.
 337
 338 <b>MISCELLANEOUS CONTROLS</b>
 339        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">config_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
 340               The  default  location  of  the Postfix <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> and
 341               <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> configuration files.
 342
 343        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#defer_transports">defer_transports</a> (empty)</b>
 344               The  names  of  message  delivery  transports  that
 345               should  not  deliver  mail  unless  someone  issues
 346               "<b>sendmail -q</b>" or equivalent.
 347
 348        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#delay_logging_resolution_limit">delay_logging_resolution_limit</a> (2)</b>
 349               The maximal number  of  digits  after  the  decimal
 350               point when logging sub-second delay values.
 351
 352        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#helpful_warnings">helpful_warnings</a> (yes)</b>
 353               Log  warnings  about problematic configuration set-
 354               tings, and provide helpful suggestions.
 355
 356        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#process_id">process_id</a> (read-only)</b>
 357               The process ID  of  a  Postfix  command  or  daemon
 358               process.
 359
 360        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#process_name">process_name</a> (read-only)</b>
 361               The  process  name  of  a Postfix command or daemon
 362               process.
 363
 364        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#queue_directory">queue_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
 365               The location of the Postfix top-level queue  direc-
 366               tory.
 367
 368        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#syslog_facility">syslog_facility</a> (mail)</b>
 369               The syslog facility of Postfix logging.
 370
 371        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#syslog_name">syslog_name</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
 372               The  mail  system  name  that  is  prepended to the
 373               process name in syslog  records,  so  that  "smtpd"
 374               becomes, for example, "postfix/smtpd".
 375
 376 <b>FILES</b>
 377        /var/spool/postfix/incoming, <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#incoming_queue">incoming queue</a>
 378        /var/spool/postfix/active, <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#active_queue">active queue</a>
 379        /var/spool/postfix/deferred, <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#deferred_queue">deferred queue</a>
 380        /var/spool/postfix/bounce, non-delivery status
 381        /var/spool/postfix/defer, non-delivery status
 382        /var/spool/postfix/trace, delivery status
 383
 384 <b>SEE ALSO</b>
 385        <a href="trivial-rewrite.8.html">trivial-rewrite(8)</a>, address routing
 386        <a href="bounce.8.html">bounce(8)</a>, delivery status reports
 387        <a href="postconf.5.html">postconf(5)</a>, configuration parameters
 388        <a href="master.5.html">master(5)</a>, generic daemon options
 389        <a href="master.8.html">master(8)</a>, process manager
 390        syslogd(8), system logging
 391
 392 <b>README FILES</b>
 393        <a href="QSHAPE_README.html">QSHAPE_README</a>, Postfix queue analysis
 394
 395 <b>LICENSE</b>
 396        The Secure Mailer license must be  distributed  with  this
 397        software.
 398
 399 <b>AUTHOR(S)</b>
 400        Wietse Venema
 401        IBM T.J. Watson Research
 402        P.O. Box 704
 403        Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA
 404
 405                                                                       OQMGR(8)
 406 </pre> </body> </html>