1 = How to convert to -device & friends =
3 === Specifying Bus and Address on Bus ===
5 In qdev, each device has a parent bus. Some devices provide one or
6 more buses for children. You can specify a device's parent bus with
9 A device typically has a device address on its parent bus. For buses
10 where this address can be configured, devices provide a bus-specific
13 bus property name value format
14 PCI addr %x.%x (dev.fn, .fn optional)
19 virtio-serial-bus nr %u
21 USB port %d(.%d)* (port.port...)
23 Example: device i440FX-pcihost is on the root bus, and provides a PCI
24 bus named pci.0. To put a FOO device into its slot 4, use -device
25 FOO,bus=/i440FX-pcihost/pci.0,addr=4. The abbreviated form bus=pci.0
26 also works as long as the bus name is unique.
30 A QEMU block device (drive) has a host and a guest part.
32 In the general case, the guest device is connected to a controller
33 device. For instance, the IDE controller provides two IDE buses, each
34 of which can have up to two devices, and each device is a guest part,
35 and is connected to a host part.
37 Except we sometimes lump controller, bus(es) and drive device(s) all
38 together into a single device. For instance, the ISA floppy
39 controller is connected to up to two host drives.
41 The old ways to define block devices define host and guest part
42 together. Sometimes, they can even define a controller device in
43 addition to the block device.
45 The new way keeps the parts separate: you create the host part with
46 -drive, and guest device(s) with -device.
48 The various old ways to define drives all boil down to the common form
50 -drive if=TYPE,bus=BUS,unit=UNIT,OPTS...
52 TYPE, BUS and UNIT identify the controller device, which of its buses
53 to use, and the drive's address on that bus. Details depend on TYPE.
55 Instead of bus=BUS,unit=UNIT, you can also say index=IDX.
57 In the new way, this becomes something like
59 -drive if=none,id=DRIVE-ID,HOST-OPTS...
60 -device DEVNAME,drive=DRIVE-ID,DEV-OPTS...
62 The old OPTS get split into HOST-OPTS and DEV-OPTS as follows:
64 * file, format, snapshot, cache, aio, readonly, rerror, werror go into
67 * cyls, head, secs and trans go into HOST-OPTS. Future work: they
68 should go into DEV-OPTS instead.
70 * serial goes into DEV-OPTS, for devices supporting serial numbers.
71 For other devices, it goes nowhere.
73 * media is special. In the old way, it selects disk vs. CD-ROM with
74 if=ide, if=scsi and if=xen. The new way uses DEVNAME for that.
75 Additionally, readonly=on goes into HOST-OPTS.
77 * addr is special, see if=virtio below.
79 The -device argument differs in detail for each type of drive:
83 -device DEVNAME,drive=DRIVE-ID,bus=IDE-BUS,unit=UNIT
85 where DEVNAME is either ide-hd or ide-cd, IDE-BUS identifies an IDE
86 bus, normally either ide.0 or ide.1, and UNIT is either 0 or 1.
90 The old way implicitly creates SCSI controllers as needed. The new
91 way makes that explicit:
93 -device lsi53c895a,id=ID
95 As for all PCI devices, you can add bus=PCI-BUS,addr=DEVFN to
96 control the PCI device address.
98 This SCSI controller provides a single SCSI bus, named ID.0. Put a
101 -device DEVNAME,drive=DRIVE-ID,bus=ID.0,scsi-id=UNIT
103 where DEVNAME is either scsi-hd, scsi-cd or scsi-generic.
107 -device floppy,unit=UNIT,drive=DRIVE-ID
109 Without any -device floppy,... you get an empty unit 0 and no unit
110 1. You can use -nodefaults to suppress the default unit 0, see
115 -device virtio-blk-pci,drive=DRIVE-ID,class=C,vectors=V,ioeventfd=IOEVENTFD
117 This lets you control PCI device class and MSI-X vectors.
119 IOEVENTFD controls whether or not ioeventfd is used for virtqueue
120 notify. It can be set to on (default) or off.
122 As for all PCI devices, you can add bus=PCI-BUS,addr=DEVFN to
123 control the PCI device address. This replaces option addr available
124 with -drive if=virtio.
126 * if=pflash, if=mtd, if=sd, if=xen are not yet available with -device
128 For USB devices, the old way is actually different:
130 -usbdevice disk:format=FMT:FILENAME
132 Provides much less control than -drive's OPTS... The new way fixes
135 -device usb-storage,drive=DRIVE-ID,removable=RMB
137 The removable parameter gives control over the SCSI INQUIRY removable
138 (RMB) bit. USB thumbdrives usually set removable=on, while USB hard
139 disks set removable=off.
141 Bug: usb-storage pretends to be a block device, but it's really a SCSI
142 controller that can serve only a single device, which it creates
143 automatically. The automatic creation guesses what kind of guest part
144 to create from the host part, like -drive if=scsi. Host and guest
145 part are not cleanly separated.
147 === Character Devices ===
149 A QEMU character device has a host and a guest part.
151 The old ways to define character devices define host and guest part
154 The new way keeps the parts separate: you create the host part with
155 -chardev, and the guest device with -device.
157 The various old ways to define a character device are all of the
160 -FOO FOO-OPTS...,LEGACY-CHARDEV
162 where FOO-OPTS... is specific to -FOO, and the host part
163 LEGACY-CHARDEV is the same everywhere.
165 In the new way, this becomes
167 -chardev HOST-OPTS...,id=CHR-ID
168 -device DEVNAME,chardev=CHR-ID,DEV-OPTS...
170 The appropriate DEVNAME depends on the machine type. For type "pc":
172 * -serial becomes -device isa-serial,iobase=IOADDR,irq=IRQ,index=IDX
174 This lets you control I/O ports and IRQs.
176 * -parallel becomes -device isa-parallel,iobase=IOADDR,irq=IRQ,index=IDX
178 This lets you control I/O ports and IRQs.
180 * -usbdevice serial::chardev becomes -device usb-serial,chardev=dev.
182 * -usbdevice braille doesn't support LEGACY-CHARDEV syntax. It always
183 uses "braille". With -device, this useful default is gone, so you
184 have to use something like
186 -device usb-braille,chardev=braille -chardev braille,id=braille
188 LEGACY-CHARDEV translates to -chardev HOST-OPTS... as follows:
190 * null becomes -chardev null
192 * pty, msmouse, wctablet, braille, stdio likewise
194 * vc:WIDTHxHEIGHT becomes -chardev vc,width=WIDTH,height=HEIGHT
196 * vc:<COLS>Cx<ROWS>C becomes -chardev vc,cols=<COLS>,rows=<ROWS>
198 * con: becomes -chardev console
200 * COM<NUM> becomes -chardev serial,path=COM<NUM>
202 * file:FNAME becomes -chardev file,path=FNAME
204 * pipe:FNAME becomes -chardev pipe,path=FNAME
206 * tcp:HOST:PORT,OPTS... becomes -chardev socket,host=HOST,port=PORT,OPTS...
208 * telnet:HOST:PORT,OPTS... becomes
209 -chardev socket,host=HOST,port=PORT,OPTS...,telnet=on
211 * udp:HOST:PORT@LOCALADDR:LOCALPORT becomes
212 -chardev udp,host=HOST,port=PORT,localaddr=LOCALADDR,localport=LOCALPORT
214 * unix:FNAME becomes -chardev socket,path=FNAME
216 * /dev/parportN becomes -chardev parport,file=/dev/parportN
220 * Any other /dev/FNAME becomes -chardev tty,path=/dev/FNAME
222 * mon:LEGACY-CHARDEV is special: it multiplexes the monitor onto the
223 character device defined by LEGACY-CHARDEV. -chardev provides more
224 general multiplexing instead: you can connect up to four users to a
225 single host part. You need to pass mux=on to -chardev to enable
226 switching the input focus.
228 QEMU uses LEGACY-CHARDEV syntax not just to set up guest devices, but
229 also in various other places such as -monitor or -net
230 user,guestfwd=... You can use chardev:CHR-ID in place of
231 LEGACY-CHARDEV to refer to a host part defined with -chardev.
233 === Network Devices ===
235 Host and guest part of network devices have always been separate.
237 The old way to define the guest part looks like this:
239 -net nic,netdev=NET-ID,macaddr=MACADDR,model=MODEL,name=ID,addr=STR,vectors=V
241 Except for USB it looks like this:
243 -usbdevice net:netdev=NET-ID,macaddr=MACADDR,name=ID
245 The new way is -device:
247 -device DEVNAME,netdev=NET-ID,mac=MACADDR,DEV-OPTS...
249 DEVNAME equals MODEL, except for virtio you have to name the virtio
250 device appropriate for the bus (virtio-net-pci for PCI), and for USB
251 you have to use usb-net.
253 The old name=ID parameter becomes the usual id=ID with -device.
255 For PCI devices, you can add bus=PCI-BUS,addr=DEVFN to control the PCI
256 device address, as usual. The old -net nic provides parameter addr
257 for that, which is silently ignored when the NIC is not a PCI device.
259 For virtio-net-pci, you can control whether or not ioeventfd is used for
260 virtqueue notify by setting ioeventfd= to on or off (default).
262 -net nic accepts vectors=V for all models, but it's silently ignored
263 except for virtio-net-pci (model=virtio). With -device, only devices
264 that support it accept it.
266 Not all devices are available with -device at this time. All PCI
267 devices and ne2k_isa are.
269 Some PCI devices aren't available with -net nic, e.g. i82558a.
271 === Graphics Devices ===
273 Host and guest part of graphics devices have always been separate.
275 The old way to define the guest graphics device is -vga VGA. Not all
276 machines support all -vga options.
278 The new way is -device. The mapping from -vga argument to -device
279 depends on the machine type. For machine "pc", it's:
282 cirrus -device cirrus-vga
283 vmware -device vmware-svga
286 disables more than just VGA, see "Default Devices"
288 As for all PCI devices, you can add bus=PCI-BUS,addr=DEVFN to control
289 the PCI device address.
291 -device VGA supports properties bios-offset and bios-size, but they
292 aren't used with machine type "pc".
294 For machine "isapc", it's
297 cirrus not yet available with -device
299 disables more than just VGA, see "Default Devices"
301 Bug: the new way doesn't work for machine types "pc" and "isapc",
302 because it violates obscure device initialization ordering
305 === Audio Devices ===
307 Host and guest part of audio devices have always been separate.
309 The old way to define guest audio devices is -soundhw C1,...
311 The new way is to define each guest audio device separately with
314 Map from -soundhw sound card name to -device:
317 cs4231a -device cs4231a,iobase=IOADDR,irq=IRQ,dma=DMA
318 es1370 -device ES1370
319 gus -device gus,iobase=IOADDR,irq=IRQ,dma=DMA,freq=F
320 hda -device intel-hda,msi=MSI -device hda-duplex
321 sb16 -device sb16,iobase=IOADDR,irq=IRQ,dma=DMA,dma16=DMA16,version=V
322 adlib not yet available with -device
323 pcspk not yet available with -device
325 For PCI devices, you can add bus=PCI-BUS,addr=DEVFN to control the PCI
326 device address, as usual.
330 The old way to define a virtual USB device is -usbdevice DRIVER:OPTS...
332 The new way is -device DEVNAME,DEV-OPTS... Details depend on DRIVER:
334 * ccid -device usb-ccid
335 * keyboard -device usb-kbd
336 * mouse -device usb-mouse
337 * tablet -device usb-tablet
338 * wacom-tablet -device usb-wacom-tablet
339 * host:... See "Host Device Assignment"
340 * disk:... See "Block Devices"
341 * serial:... See "Character Devices"
342 * braille See "Character Devices"
343 * net:... See "Network Devices"
344 * bt:... not yet available with -device
346 === Watchdog Devices ===
348 Host and guest part of watchdog devices have always been separate.
350 The old way to define a guest watchdog device is -watchdog DEVNAME.
351 The new way is -device DEVNAME. For PCI devices, you can add
352 bus=PCI-BUS,addr=DEVFN to control the PCI device address, as usual.
354 === Host Device Assignment ===
356 QEMU supports assigning host PCI devices (qemu-kvm only at this time)
357 and host USB devices. PCI devices can only be assigned with -device:
359 -device vfio-pci,host=ADDR,id=ID
361 The old way to assign a host USB device is
363 -usbdevice host:auto:BUS.ADDR:VID:PRID
365 where any of BUS, ADDR, VID, PRID can be the wildcard *.
369 -device usb-host,hostbus=BUS,hostaddr=ADDR,vendorid=VID,productid=PRID
371 Omitted options match anything, just like the old way's wildcard.
373 === Default Devices ===
375 QEMU creates a number of devices by default, depending on the machine
378 -device DEVNAME... and global DEVNAME... suppress default devices for
381 default device suppressing DEVNAMEs
382 CD-ROM ide-cd, ide-drive, ide-hd, scsi-cd, scsi-hd
383 floppy floppy, isa-fdc
384 parallel isa-parallel
386 VGA VGA, cirrus-vga, isa-vga, isa-cirrus-vga,
387 vmware-svga, qxl-vga, virtio-vga, ati-vga,
390 The default NIC is connected to a default part created along with it.
391 It is *not* suppressed by configuring a NIC with -device (you may call
392 that a bug). -net and -netdev suppress the default NIC.
394 -nodefaults suppresses all the default devices mentioned above, plus a
395 few other things such as default SD-Card drive and default monitor.