qemu-io.c

   1 /*
   2  * Command line utility to exercise the QEMU I/O path.
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (C) 2009 Red Hat, Inc.
   5  * Copyright (c) 2003-2005 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
   6  *
   7  * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or later.
   8  * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
   9  */
  10
  11 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
  12 #include <getopt.h>
  13 #include <libgen.h>
  14 #ifndef _WIN32
  15 #include <termios.h>
  16 #endif
  17
  18 #include "qemu/help-texts.h"
  19 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
  20 #include "qapi/error.h"
  21 #include "qemu-io.h"
  22 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
  23 #include "qemu/main-loop.h"
  24 #include "qemu/module.h"
  25 #include "qemu/option.h"
  26 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
  27 #include "qemu/readline.h"
  28 #include "qemu/log.h"
  29 #include "qemu/sockets.h"
  30 #include "qapi/qmp/qstring.h"
  31 #include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h"
  32 #include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
  33 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
  34 #include "block/block_int.h"
  35 #include "trace/control.h"
  36 #include "crypto/init.h"
  37 #include "qemu-version.h"
  38
  39 #define CMD_NOFILE_OK   0x01
  40
  41 static BlockBackend *qemuio_blk;
  42 static bool quit_qemu_io;
  43
  44 /* qemu-io commands passed using -c */
  45 static int ncmdline;
  46 static char **cmdline;
  47 static bool imageOpts;
  48
  49 static ReadLineState *readline_state;
  50
  51 static int ttyEOF;
  52
  53 static int get_eof_char(void)
  54 {
  55 #ifdef _WIN32
  56     return 0x4; /* Ctrl-D */
  57 #else
  58     struct termios tty;
  59     if (tcgetattr(STDIN_FILENO, &tty) != 0) {
  60         if (errno == ENOTTY) {
  61             return 0x0; /* just expect read() == 0 */
  62         } else {
  63             return 0x4; /* Ctrl-D */
  64         }
  65     }
  66
  67     return tty.c_cc[VEOF];
  68 #endif
  69 }
  70
  71 static int close_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
  72 {
  73     blk_unref(qemuio_blk);
  74     qemuio_blk = NULL;
  75     return 0;
  76 }
  77
  78 static const cmdinfo_t close_cmd = {
  79     .name       = "close",
  80     .altname    = "c",
  81     .cfunc      = close_f,
  82     .oneline    = "close the current open file",
  83 };
  84
  85 static int openfile(char *name, int flags, bool writethrough, bool force_share,
  86                     QDict *opts)
  87 {
  88     Error *local_err = NULL;
  89
  90     if (qemuio_blk) {
  91         error_report("file open already, try 'help close'");
  92         qobject_unref(opts);
  93         return 1;
  94     }
  95
  96     if (force_share) {
  97         if (!opts) {
  98             opts = qdict_new();
  99         }
 100         if (qdict_haskey(opts, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE)
 101             && strcmp(qdict_get_str(opts, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE), "on")) {
 102             error_report("-U conflicts with image options");
 103             qobject_unref(opts);
 104             return 1;
 105         }
 106         qdict_put_str(opts, BDRV_OPT_FORCE_SHARE, "on");
 107     }
 108     qemuio_blk = blk_new_open(name, NULL, opts, flags, &local_err);
 109     if (!qemuio_blk) {
 110         error_reportf_err(local_err, "can't open%s%s: ",
 111                           name ? " device " : "", name ?: "");
 112         return 1;
 113     }
 114
 115     blk_set_enable_write_cache(qemuio_blk, !writethrough);
 116
 117     return 0;
 118 }
 119
 120 static void open_help(void)
 121 {
 122     printf(
 123 "\n"
 124 " opens a new file in the requested mode\n"
 125 "\n"
 126 " Example:\n"
 127 " 'open -n -o driver=raw /tmp/data' - opens raw data file read-write, uncached\n"
 128 "\n"
 129 " Opens a file for subsequent use by all of the other qemu-io commands.\n"
 130 " -r, -- open file read-only\n"
 131 " -s, -- use snapshot file\n"
 132 " -C, -- use copy-on-read\n"
 133 " -n, -- disable host cache, short for -t none\n"
 134 " -U, -- force shared permissions\n"
 135 " -k, -- use kernel AIO implementation (Linux only, prefer use of -i)\n"
 136 " -i, -- use AIO mode (threads, native or io_uring)\n"
 137 " -t, -- use the given cache mode for the image\n"
 138 " -d, -- use the given discard mode for the image\n"
 139 " -o, -- options to be given to the block driver"
 140 "\n");
 141 }
 142
 143 static int open_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv);
 144
 145 static const cmdinfo_t open_cmd = {
 146     .name       = "open",
 147     .altname    = "o",
 148     .cfunc      = open_f,
 149     .argmin     = 1,
 150     .argmax     = -1,
 151     .flags      = CMD_NOFILE_OK,
 152     .args       = "[-rsCnkU] [-t cache] [-d discard] [-o options] [path]",
 153     .oneline    = "open the file specified by path",
 154     .help       = open_help,
 155 };
 156
 157 static QemuOptsList empty_opts = {
 158     .name = "drive",
 159     .merge_lists = true,
 160     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(empty_opts.head),
 161     .desc = {
 162         /* no elements => accept any params */
 163         { /* end of list */ }
 164     },
 165 };
 166
 167 static int open_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
 168 {
 169     int flags = BDRV_O_UNMAP;
 170     int readonly = 0;
 171     bool writethrough = true;
 172     int c;
 173     int ret;
 174     QemuOpts *qopts;
 175     QDict *opts;
 176     bool force_share = false;
 177
 178     while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "snCro:ki:t:d:U")) != -1) {
 179         switch (c) {
 180         case 's':
 181             flags |= BDRV_O_SNAPSHOT;
 182             break;
 183         case 'n':
 184             flags |= BDRV_O_NOCACHE;
 185             writethrough = false;
 186             break;
 187         case 'C':
 188             flags |= BDRV_O_COPY_ON_READ;
 189             break;
 190         case 'r':
 191             readonly = 1;
 192             break;
 193         case 'k':
 194             flags |= BDRV_O_NATIVE_AIO;
 195             break;
 196         case 't':
 197             if (bdrv_parse_cache_mode(optarg, &flags, &writethrough) < 0) {
 198                 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", optarg);
 199                 qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts);
 200                 return -EINVAL;
 201             }
 202             break;
 203         case 'd':
 204             if (bdrv_parse_discard_flags(optarg, &flags) < 0) {
 205                 error_report("Invalid discard option: %s", optarg);
 206                 qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts);
 207                 return -EINVAL;
 208             }
 209             break;
 210         case 'i':
 211             if (bdrv_parse_aio(optarg, &flags) < 0) {
 212                 error_report("Invalid aio option: %s", optarg);
 213                 qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts);
 214                 return -EINVAL;
 215             }
 216             break;
 217         case 'o':
 218             if (imageOpts) {
 219                 printf("--image-opts and 'open -o' are mutually exclusive\n");
 220                 qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts);
 221                 return -EINVAL;
 222             }
 223             if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&empty_opts, optarg, false)) {
 224                 qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts);
 225                 return -EINVAL;
 226             }
 227             break;
 228         case 'U':
 229             force_share = true;
 230             break;
 231         default:
 232             qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts);
 233             qemuio_command_usage(&open_cmd);
 234             return -EINVAL;
 235         }
 236     }
 237
 238     if (!readonly) {
 239         flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
 240     }
 241
 242     if (imageOpts && (optind == argc - 1)) {
 243         if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&empty_opts, argv[optind], false)) {
 244             qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts);
 245             return -EINVAL;
 246         }
 247         optind++;
 248     }
 249
 250     qopts = qemu_opts_find(&empty_opts, NULL);
 251     opts = qopts ? qemu_opts_to_qdict(qopts, NULL) : NULL;
 252     qemu_opts_reset(&empty_opts);
 253
 254     if (optind == argc - 1) {
 255         ret = openfile(argv[optind], flags, writethrough, force_share, opts);
 256     } else if (optind == argc) {
 257         ret = openfile(NULL, flags, writethrough, force_share, opts);
 258     } else {
 259         qobject_unref(opts);
 260         qemuio_command_usage(&open_cmd);
 261         return -EINVAL;
 262     }
 263
 264     if (ret) {
 265         return -EINVAL;
 266     }
 267
 268     return 0;
 269 }
 270
 271 static int quit_f(BlockBackend *blk, int argc, char **argv)
 272 {
 273     quit_qemu_io = true;
 274     return 0;
 275 }
 276
 277 static const cmdinfo_t quit_cmd = {
 278     .name       = "quit",
 279     .altname    = "q",
 280     .cfunc      = quit_f,
 281     .argmin     = -1,
 282     .argmax     = -1,
 283     .flags      = CMD_FLAG_GLOBAL,
 284     .oneline    = "exit the program",
 285 };
 286
 287 static void usage(const char *name)
 288 {
 289     printf(
 290 "Usage: %s [OPTIONS]... [-c STRING]... [file]\n"
 291 "QEMU Disk exerciser\n"
 292 "\n"
 293 "  --object OBJECTDEF   define an object such as 'secret' for\n"
 294 "                       passwords and/or encryption keys\n"
 295 "  --image-opts         treat file as option string\n"
 296 "  -c, --cmd STRING     execute command with its arguments\n"
 297 "                       from the given string\n"
 298 "  -f, --format FMT     specifies the block driver to use\n"
 299 "  -r, --read-only      export read-only\n"
 300 "  -s, --snapshot       use snapshot file\n"
 301 "  -n, --nocache        disable host cache, short for -t none\n"
 302 "  -C, --copy-on-read   enable copy-on-read\n"
 303 "  -m, --misalign       misalign allocations for O_DIRECT\n"
 304 "  -k, --native-aio     use kernel AIO implementation\n"
 305 "                       (Linux only, prefer use of -i)\n"
 306 "  -i, --aio=MODE       use AIO mode (threads, native or io_uring)\n"
 307 "  -t, --cache=MODE     use the given cache mode for the image\n"
 308 "  -d, --discard=MODE   use the given discard mode for the image\n"
 309 "  -T, --trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]\n"
 310 "                       specify tracing options\n"
 311 "                       see qemu-img(1) man page for full description\n"
 312 "  -U, --force-share    force shared permissions\n"
 313 "  -h, --help           display this help and exit\n"
 314 "  -V, --version        output version information and exit\n"
 315 "\n"
 316 "See '%s -c help' for information on available commands.\n"
 317 "\n"
 318 QEMU_HELP_BOTTOM "\n",
 319     name, name);
 320 }
 321
 322 static char *get_prompt(void)
 323 {
 324     static char prompt[FILENAME_MAX + 2 /*"> "*/ + 1 /*"\0"*/ ];
 325
 326     if (!prompt[0]) {
 327         snprintf(prompt, sizeof(prompt), "%s> ", g_get_prgname());
 328     }
 329
 330     return prompt;
 331 }
 332
 333 static void G_GNUC_PRINTF(2, 3) readline_printf_func(void *opaque,
 334                                                     const char *fmt, ...)
 335 {
 336     va_list ap;
 337     va_start(ap, fmt);
 338     vprintf(fmt, ap);
 339     va_end(ap);
 340 }
 341
 342 static void readline_flush_func(void *opaque)
 343 {
 344     fflush(stdout);
 345 }
 346
 347 static void readline_func(void *opaque, const char *str, void *readline_opaque)
 348 {
 349     char **line = readline_opaque;
 350     *line = g_strdup(str);
 351 }
 352
 353 static void completion_match(const char *cmd, void *opaque)
 354 {
 355     readline_add_completion(readline_state, cmd);
 356 }
 357
 358 static void readline_completion_func(void *opaque, const char *str)
 359 {
 360     readline_set_completion_index(readline_state, strlen(str));
 361     qemuio_complete_command(str, completion_match, NULL);
 362 }
 363
 364 static char *fetchline_readline(void)
 365 {
 366     char *line = NULL;
 367
 368     readline_start(readline_state, get_prompt(), 0, readline_func, &line);
 369     while (!line) {
 370         int ch = getchar();
 371         if (ttyEOF != 0x0 && ch == ttyEOF) {
 372             printf("\n");
 373             break;
 374         }
 375         readline_handle_byte(readline_state, ch);
 376     }
 377     return line;
 378 }
 379
 380 #define MAXREADLINESZ 1024
 381 static char *fetchline_fgets(void)
 382 {
 383     char *p, *line = g_malloc(MAXREADLINESZ);
 384
 385     if (!fgets(line, MAXREADLINESZ, stdin)) {
 386         g_free(line);
 387         return NULL;
 388     }
 389
 390     p = line + strlen(line);
 391     if (p != line && p[-1] == '\n') {
 392         p[-1] = '\0';
 393     }
 394
 395     return line;
 396 }
 397
 398 static char *fetchline(void)
 399 {
 400     if (readline_state) {
 401         return fetchline_readline();
 402     } else {
 403         return fetchline_fgets();
 404     }
 405 }
 406
 407 static void prep_fetchline(void *opaque)
 408 {
 409     int *fetchable = opaque;
 410
 411     qemu_set_fd_handler(STDIN_FILENO, NULL, NULL, NULL);
 412     *fetchable= 1;
 413 }
 414
 415 static int do_qemuio_command(const char *cmd)
 416 {
 417     int ret;
 418     AioContext *ctx =
 419         qemuio_blk ? blk_get_aio_context(qemuio_blk) : qemu_get_aio_context();
 420
 421     aio_context_acquire(ctx);
 422     ret = qemuio_command(qemuio_blk, cmd);
 423     aio_context_release(ctx);
 424
 425     return ret;
 426 }
 427
 428 static int command_loop(void)
 429 {
 430     int i, fetchable = 0, prompted = 0;
 431     int ret, last_error = 0;
 432     char *input;
 433
 434     for (i = 0; !quit_qemu_io && i < ncmdline; i++) {
 435         ret = do_qemuio_command(cmdline[i]);
 436         if (ret < 0) {
 437             last_error = ret;
 438         }
 439     }
 440     if (cmdline) {
 441         g_free(cmdline);
 442         return last_error;
 443     }
 444
 445     while (!quit_qemu_io) {
 446         if (!prompted) {
 447             printf("%s", get_prompt());
 448             fflush(stdout);
 449             qemu_set_fd_handler(STDIN_FILENO, prep_fetchline, NULL, &fetchable);
 450             prompted = 1;
 451         }
 452
 453         main_loop_wait(false);
 454
 455         if (!fetchable) {
 456             continue;
 457         }
 458
 459         input = fetchline();
 460         if (input == NULL) {
 461             break;
 462         }
 463         ret = do_qemuio_command(input);
 464         g_free(input);
 465
 466         if (ret < 0) {
 467             last_error = ret;
 468         }
 469
 470         prompted = 0;
 471         fetchable = 0;
 472     }
 473     qemu_set_fd_handler(STDIN_FILENO, NULL, NULL, NULL);
 474
 475     return last_error;
 476 }
 477
 478 static void add_user_command(char *optarg)
 479 {
 480     cmdline = g_renew(char *, cmdline, ++ncmdline);
 481     cmdline[ncmdline-1] = optarg;
 482 }
 483
 484 static void reenable_tty_echo(void)
 485 {
 486     qemu_set_tty_echo(STDIN_FILENO, true);
 487 }
 488
 489 enum {
 490     OPTION_OBJECT = 256,
 491     OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS = 257,
 492 };
 493
 494 static QemuOptsList file_opts = {
 495     .name = "file",
 496     .implied_opt_name = "file",
 497     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(file_opts.head),
 498     .desc = {
 499         /* no elements => accept any params */
 500         { /* end of list */ }
 501     },
 502 };
 503
 504 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 505 {
 506     int readonly = 0;
 507     const char *sopt = "hVc:d:f:rsnCmki:t:T:U";
 508     const struct option lopt[] = {
 509         { "help", no_argument, NULL, 'h' },
 510         { "version", no_argument, NULL, 'V' },
 511         { "cmd", required_argument, NULL, 'c' },
 512         { "format", required_argument, NULL, 'f' },
 513         { "read-only", no_argument, NULL, 'r' },
 514         { "snapshot", no_argument, NULL, 's' },
 515         { "nocache", no_argument, NULL, 'n' },
 516         { "copy-on-read", no_argument, NULL, 'C' },
 517         { "misalign", no_argument, NULL, 'm' },
 518         { "native-aio", no_argument, NULL, 'k' },
 519         { "aio", required_argument, NULL, 'i' },
 520         { "discard", required_argument, NULL, 'd' },
 521         { "cache", required_argument, NULL, 't' },
 522         { "trace", required_argument, NULL, 'T' },
 523         { "object", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_OBJECT },
 524         { "image-opts", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS },
 525         { "force-share", no_argument, 0, 'U'},
 526         { NULL, 0, NULL, 0 }
 527     };
 528     int c;
 529     int opt_index = 0;
 530     int flags = BDRV_O_UNMAP;
 531     int ret;
 532     bool writethrough = true;
 533     QDict *opts = NULL;
 534     const char *format = NULL;
 535     bool force_share = false;
 536
 537 #ifdef CONFIG_POSIX
 538     signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
 539 #endif
 540
 541     socket_init();
 542     error_init(argv[0]);
 543     module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_TRACE);
 544     qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
 545
 546     qcrypto_init(&error_fatal);
 547
 548     module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_QOM);
 549     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_trace_opts);
 550     bdrv_init();
 551
 552     while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, sopt, lopt, &opt_index)) != -1) {
 553         switch (c) {
 554         case 's':
 555             flags |= BDRV_O_SNAPSHOT;
 556             break;
 557         case 'n':
 558             flags |= BDRV_O_NOCACHE;
 559             writethrough = false;
 560             break;
 561         case 'C':
 562             flags |= BDRV_O_COPY_ON_READ;
 563             break;
 564         case 'd':
 565             if (bdrv_parse_discard_flags(optarg, &flags) < 0) {
 566                 error_report("Invalid discard option: %s", optarg);
 567                 exit(1);
 568             }
 569             break;
 570         case 'f':
 571             format = optarg;
 572             break;
 573         case 'c':
 574             add_user_command(optarg);
 575             break;
 576         case 'r':
 577             readonly = 1;
 578             break;
 579         case 'm':
 580             qemuio_misalign = true;
 581             break;
 582         case 'k':
 583             flags |= BDRV_O_NATIVE_AIO;
 584             break;
 585         case 'i':
 586             if (bdrv_parse_aio(optarg, &flags) < 0) {
 587                 error_report("Invalid aio option: %s", optarg);
 588                 exit(1);
 589             }
 590             break;
 591         case 't':
 592             if (bdrv_parse_cache_mode(optarg, &flags, &writethrough) < 0) {
 593                 error_report("Invalid cache option: %s", optarg);
 594                 exit(1);
 595             }
 596             break;
 597         case 'T':
 598             trace_opt_parse(optarg);
 599             break;
 600         case 'V':
 601             printf("%s version " QEMU_FULL_VERSION "\n"
 602                    QEMU_COPYRIGHT "\n", g_get_prgname());
 603             exit(0);
 604         case 'h':
 605             usage(g_get_prgname());
 606             exit(0);
 607         case 'U':
 608             force_share = true;
 609             break;
 610         case OPTION_OBJECT:
 611             user_creatable_process_cmdline(optarg);
 612             break;
 613         case OPTION_IMAGE_OPTS:
 614             imageOpts = true;
 615             break;
 616         default:
 617             usage(g_get_prgname());
 618             exit(1);
 619         }
 620     }
 621
 622     if ((argc - optind) > 1) {
 623         usage(g_get_prgname());
 624         exit(1);
 625     }
 626
 627     if (format && imageOpts) {
 628         error_report("--image-opts and -f are mutually exclusive");
 629         exit(1);
 630     }
 631
 632     qemu_init_main_loop(&error_fatal);
 633
 634     if (!trace_init_backends()) {
 635         exit(1);
 636     }
 637     trace_init_file();
 638     qemu_set_log(LOG_TRACE, &error_fatal);
 639
 640     /* initialize commands */
 641     qemuio_add_command(&quit_cmd);
 642     qemuio_add_command(&open_cmd);
 643     qemuio_add_command(&close_cmd);
 644
 645     if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO)) {
 646         ttyEOF = get_eof_char();
 647         readline_state = readline_init(readline_printf_func,
 648                                        readline_flush_func,
 649                                        NULL,
 650                                        readline_completion_func);
 651         qemu_set_tty_echo(STDIN_FILENO, false);
 652         atexit(reenable_tty_echo);
 653     }
 654
 655     /* open the device */
 656     if (!readonly) {
 657         flags |= BDRV_O_RDWR;
 658     }
 659
 660     if ((argc - optind) == 1) {
 661         if (imageOpts) {
 662             QemuOpts *qopts = NULL;
 663             qopts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(&file_opts, argv[optind], false);
 664             if (!qopts) {
 665                 exit(1);
 666             }
 667             opts = qemu_opts_to_qdict(qopts, NULL);
 668             if (openfile(NULL, flags, writethrough, force_share, opts)) {
 669                 exit(1);
 670             }
 671         } else {
 672             if (format) {
 673                 opts = qdict_new();
 674                 qdict_put_str(opts, "driver", format);
 675             }
 676             if (openfile(argv[optind], flags, writethrough,
 677                          force_share, opts)) {
 678                 exit(1);
 679             }
 680         }
 681     }
 682     ret = command_loop();
 683
 684     /*
 685      * Make sure all outstanding requests complete before the program exits.
 686      */
 687     bdrv_drain_all();
 688
 689     blk_unref(qemuio_blk);
 690     g_free(readline_state);
 691
 692     if (ret < 0) {
 693         return 1;
 694     } else {
 695         return 0;
 696     }
 697 }