qemu-img.c

   1 /*
   2  * QEMU disk image utility
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (c) 2003-2007 Fabrice Bellard
   5  *
   6  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
   7  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
   8  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
   9  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
  10  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
  11  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
  12  *
  13  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
  14  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
  15  *
  16  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
  17  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
  18  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
  19  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
  20  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
  21  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
  22  * THE SOFTWARE.
  23  */
  24 #include "vl.h"
  25
  26 #ifdef _WIN32
  27 #include <windows.h>
  28 #endif
  29
  30 void *get_mmap_addr(unsigned long size)
  31 {
  32     return NULL;
  33 }
  34
  35 void qemu_free(void *ptr)
  36 {
  37     free(ptr);
  38 }
  39
  40 void *qemu_malloc(size_t size)
  41 {
  42     return malloc(size);
  43 }
  44
  45 void *qemu_mallocz(size_t size)
  46 {
  47     void *ptr;
  48     ptr = qemu_malloc(size);
  49     if (!ptr)
  50         return NULL;
  51     memset(ptr, 0, size);
  52     return ptr;
  53 }
  54
  55 char *qemu_strdup(const char *str)
  56 {
  57     char *ptr;
  58     ptr = qemu_malloc(strlen(str) + 1);
  59     if (!ptr)
  60         return NULL;
  61     strcpy(ptr, str);
  62     return ptr;
  63 }
  64
  65 void term_printf(const char *fmt, ...)
  66 {
  67     va_list ap;
  68     va_start(ap, fmt);
  69     vprintf(fmt, ap);
  70     va_end(ap);
  71 }
  72
  73 void term_print_filename(const char *filename)
  74 {
  75     term_printf(filename);
  76 }
  77
  78 void __attribute__((noreturn)) error(const char *fmt, ...)
  79 {
  80     va_list ap;
  81     va_start(ap, fmt);
  82     fprintf(stderr, "qemu-img: ");
  83     vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
  84     fprintf(stderr, "\n");
  85     exit(1);
  86     va_end(ap);
  87 }
  88
  89 static void format_print(void *opaque, const char *name)
  90 {
  91     printf(" %s", name);
  92 }
  93
  94 void help(void)
  95 {
  96     printf("qemu-img version " QEMU_VERSION ", Copyright (c) 2004-2007 Fabrice Bellard\n"
  97            "usage: qemu-img command [command options]\n"
  98            "QEMU disk image utility\n"
  99            "\n"
 100            "Command syntax:\n"
 101            "  create [-e] [-b base_image] [-f fmt] filename [size]\n"
 102            "  commit [-f fmt] filename\n"
 103            "  convert [-c] [-e] [-f fmt] filename [-O output_fmt] output_filename\n"
 104            "  info [-f fmt] filename\n"
 105            "\n"
 106            "Command parameters:\n"
 107            "  'filename' is a disk image filename\n"
 108            "  'base_image' is the read-only disk image which is used as base for a copy on\n"
 109            "    write image; the copy on write image only stores the modified data\n"
 110            "  'fmt' is the disk image format. It is guessed automatically in most cases\n"
 111            "  'size' is the disk image size in kilobytes. Optional suffixes 'M' (megabyte)\n"
 112            "    and 'G' (gigabyte) are supported\n"
 113            "  'output_filename' is the destination disk image filename\n"
 114            "  'output_fmt' is the destination format\n"
 115            "  '-c' indicates that target image must be compressed (qcow format only)\n"
 116            "  '-e' indicates that the target image must be encrypted (qcow format only)\n"
 117            );
 118     printf("\nSupported format:");
 119     bdrv_iterate_format(format_print, NULL);
 120     printf("\n");
 121     exit(1);
 122 }
 123
 124 #if defined(WIN32)
 125 /* XXX: put correct support for win32 */
 126 static int read_password(char *buf, int buf_size)
 127 {
 128     int c, i;
 129     printf("Password: ");
 130     fflush(stdout);
 131     i = 0;
 132     for(;;) {
 133         c = getchar();
 134         if (c == '\n')
 135             break;
 136         if (i < (buf_size - 1))
 137             buf[i++] = c;
 138     }
 139     buf[i] = '\0';
 140     return 0;
 141 }
 142
 143 #else
 144
 145 #include <termios.h>
 146
 147 static struct termios oldtty;
 148
 149 static void term_exit(void)
 150 {
 151     tcsetattr (0, TCSANOW, &oldtty);
 152 }
 153
 154 static void term_init(void)
 155 {
 156     struct termios tty;
 157
 158     tcgetattr (0, &tty);
 159     oldtty = tty;
 160
 161     tty.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK|BRKINT|PARMRK|ISTRIP
 162                           |INLCR|IGNCR|ICRNL|IXON);
 163     tty.c_oflag |= OPOST;
 164     tty.c_lflag &= ~(ECHO|ECHONL|ICANON|IEXTEN);
 165     tty.c_cflag &= ~(CSIZE|PARENB);
 166     tty.c_cflag |= CS8;
 167     tty.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
 168     tty.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
 169
 170     tcsetattr (0, TCSANOW, &tty);
 171
 172     atexit(term_exit);
 173 }
 174
 175 int read_password(char *buf, int buf_size)
 176 {
 177     uint8_t ch;
 178     int i, ret;
 179
 180     printf("password: ");
 181     fflush(stdout);
 182     term_init();
 183     i = 0;
 184     for(;;) {
 185         ret = read(0, &ch, 1);
 186         if (ret == -1) {
 187             if (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EINTR) {
 188                 continue;
 189             } else {
 190                 ret = -1;
 191                 break;
 192             }
 193         } else if (ret == 0) {
 194             ret = -1;
 195             break;
 196         } else {
 197             if (ch == '\r') {
 198                 ret = 0;
 199                 break;
 200             }
 201             if (i < (buf_size - 1))
 202                 buf[i++] = ch;
 203         }
 204     }
 205     term_exit();
 206     buf[i] = '\0';
 207     printf("\n");
 208     return ret;
 209 }
 210 #endif
 211
 212 static BlockDriverState *bdrv_new_open(const char *filename,
 213                                        const char *fmt)
 214 {
 215     BlockDriverState *bs;
 216     BlockDriver *drv;
 217     char password[256];
 218
 219     bs = bdrv_new("");
 220     if (!bs)
 221         error("Not enough memory");
 222     if (fmt) {
 223         drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
 224         if (!drv)
 225             error("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
 226     } else {
 227         drv = NULL;
 228     }
 229     if (bdrv_open2(bs, filename, 0, drv) < 0) {
 230         error("Could not open '%s'", filename);
 231     }
 232     if (bdrv_is_encrypted(bs)) {
 233         printf("Disk image '%s' is encrypted.\n", filename);
 234         if (read_password(password, sizeof(password)) < 0)
 235             error("No password given");
 236         if (bdrv_set_key(bs, password) < 0)
 237             error("invalid password");
 238     }
 239     return bs;
 240 }
 241
 242 static int img_create(int argc, char **argv)
 243 {
 244     int c, ret, encrypted;
 245     const char *fmt = "raw";
 246     const char *filename;
 247     const char *base_filename = NULL;
 248     int64_t size;
 249     const char *p;
 250     BlockDriver *drv;
 251
 252     encrypted = 0;
 253     for(;;) {
 254         c = getopt(argc, argv, "b:f:he");
 255         if (c == -1)
 256             break;
 257         switch(c) {
 258         case 'h':
 259             help();
 260             break;
 261         case 'b':
 262             base_filename = optarg;
 263             break;
 264         case 'f':
 265             fmt = optarg;
 266             break;
 267         case 'e':
 268             encrypted = 1;
 269             break;
 270         }
 271     }
 272     if (optind >= argc)
 273         help();
 274     filename = argv[optind++];
 275     size = 0;
 276     if (base_filename) {
 277         BlockDriverState *bs;
 278         bs = bdrv_new_open(base_filename, NULL);
 279         bdrv_get_geometry(bs, &size);
 280         size *= 512;
 281         bdrv_delete(bs);
 282     } else {
 283         if (optind >= argc)
 284             help();
 285         p = argv[optind];
 286         size = strtoul(p, (char **)&p, 0);
 287         if (*p == 'M') {
 288             size *= 1024 * 1024;
 289         } else if (*p == 'G') {
 290             size *= 1024 * 1024 * 1024;
 291         } else if (*p == 'k' || *p == 'K' || *p == '\0') {
 292             size *= 1024;
 293         } else {
 294             help();
 295         }
 296     }
 297     drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
 298     if (!drv)
 299         error("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
 300     printf("Formating '%s', fmt=%s",
 301            filename, fmt);
 302     if (encrypted)
 303         printf(", encrypted");
 304     if (base_filename) {
 305         printf(", backing_file=%s",
 306                base_filename);
 307     }
 308     printf(", size=%" PRId64 " kB\n", (int64_t) (size / 1024));
 309     ret = bdrv_create(drv, filename, size / 512, base_filename, encrypted);
 310     if (ret < 0) {
 311         if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
 312             error("Formatting or formatting option not supported for file format '%s'", fmt);
 313         } else {
 314             error("Error while formatting");
 315         }
 316     }
 317     return 0;
 318 }
 319
 320 static int img_commit(int argc, char **argv)
 321 {
 322     int c, ret;
 323     const char *filename, *fmt;
 324     BlockDriver *drv;
 325     BlockDriverState *bs;
 326
 327     fmt = NULL;
 328     for(;;) {
 329         c = getopt(argc, argv, "f:h");
 330         if (c == -1)
 331             break;
 332         switch(c) {
 333         case 'h':
 334             help();
 335             break;
 336         case 'f':
 337             fmt = optarg;
 338             break;
 339         }
 340     }
 341     if (optind >= argc)
 342         help();
 343     filename = argv[optind++];
 344
 345     bs = bdrv_new("");
 346     if (!bs)
 347         error("Not enough memory");
 348     if (fmt) {
 349         drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
 350         if (!drv)
 351             error("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
 352     } else {
 353         drv = NULL;
 354     }
 355     if (bdrv_open2(bs, filename, 0, drv) < 0) {
 356         error("Could not open '%s'", filename);
 357     }
 358     ret = bdrv_commit(bs);
 359     switch(ret) {
 360     case 0:
 361         printf("Image committed.\n");
 362         break;
 363     case -ENOENT:
 364         error("No disk inserted");
 365         break;
 366     case -EACCES:
 367         error("Image is read-only");
 368         break;
 369     case -ENOTSUP:
 370         error("Image is already committed");
 371         break;
 372     default:
 373         error("Error while committing image");
 374         break;
 375     }
 376
 377     bdrv_delete(bs);
 378     return 0;
 379 }
 380
 381 static int is_not_zero(const uint8_t *sector, int len)
 382 {
 383     int i;
 384     len >>= 2;
 385     for(i = 0;i < len; i++) {
 386         if (((uint32_t *)sector)[i] != 0)
 387             return 1;
 388     }
 389     return 0;
 390 }
 391
 392 static int is_allocated_sectors(const uint8_t *buf, int n, int *pnum)
 393 {
 394     int v, i;
 395
 396     if (n <= 0) {
 397         *pnum = 0;
 398         return 0;
 399     }
 400     v = is_not_zero(buf, 512);
 401     for(i = 1; i < n; i++) {
 402         buf += 512;
 403         if (v != is_not_zero(buf, 512))
 404             break;
 405     }
 406     *pnum = i;
 407     return v;
 408 }
 409
 410 #define IO_BUF_SIZE 65536
 411
 412 static int img_convert(int argc, char **argv)
 413 {
 414     int c, ret, n, n1, compress, cluster_size, cluster_sectors, encrypt;
 415     const char *filename, *fmt, *out_fmt, *out_filename;
 416     BlockDriver *drv;
 417     BlockDriverState *bs, *out_bs;
 418     int64_t total_sectors, nb_sectors, sector_num;
 419     uint8_t buf[IO_BUF_SIZE];
 420     const uint8_t *buf1;
 421     BlockDriverInfo bdi;
 422
 423     fmt = NULL;
 424     out_fmt = "raw";
 425     compress = 0;
 426     encrypt = 0;
 427     for(;;) {
 428         c = getopt(argc, argv, "f:O:hce");
 429         if (c == -1)
 430             break;
 431         switch(c) {
 432         case 'h':
 433             help();
 434             break;
 435         case 'f':
 436             fmt = optarg;
 437             break;
 438         case 'O':
 439             out_fmt = optarg;
 440             break;
 441         case 'c':
 442             compress = 1;
 443             break;
 444         case 'e':
 445             encrypt = 1;
 446             break;
 447         }
 448     }
 449     if (optind >= argc)
 450         help();
 451     filename = argv[optind++];
 452     if (optind >= argc)
 453         help();
 454     out_filename = argv[optind++];
 455
 456     bs = bdrv_new_open(filename, fmt);
 457
 458     drv = bdrv_find_format(out_fmt);
 459     if (!drv)
 460         error("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
 461     if (compress && drv != &bdrv_qcow && drv != &bdrv_qcow2)
 462         error("Compression not supported for this file format");
 463     if (encrypt && drv != &bdrv_qcow && drv != &bdrv_qcow2)
 464         error("Encryption not supported for this file format");
 465     if (compress && encrypt)
 466         error("Compression and encryption not supported at the same time");
 467     bdrv_get_geometry(bs, &total_sectors);
 468     ret = bdrv_create(drv, out_filename, total_sectors, NULL, encrypt);
 469     if (ret < 0) {
 470         if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
 471             error("Formatting not supported for file format '%s'", fmt);
 472         } else {
 473             error("Error while formatting '%s'", out_filename);
 474         }
 475     }
 476
 477     out_bs = bdrv_new_open(out_filename, out_fmt);
 478
 479     if (compress) {
 480         if (bdrv_get_info(out_bs, &bdi) < 0)
 481             error("could not get block driver info");
 482         cluster_size = bdi.cluster_size;
 483         if (cluster_size <= 0 || cluster_size > IO_BUF_SIZE)
 484             error("invalid cluster size");
 485         cluster_sectors = cluster_size >> 9;
 486         sector_num = 0;
 487         for(;;) {
 488             nb_sectors = total_sectors - sector_num;
 489             if (nb_sectors <= 0)
 490                 break;
 491             if (nb_sectors >= cluster_sectors)
 492                 n = cluster_sectors;
 493             else
 494                 n = nb_sectors;
 495             if (bdrv_read(bs, sector_num, buf, n) < 0)
 496                 error("error while reading");
 497             if (n < cluster_sectors)
 498                 memset(buf + n * 512, 0, cluster_size - n * 512);
 499             if (is_not_zero(buf, cluster_size)) {
 500                 if (bdrv_write_compressed(out_bs, sector_num, buf,
 501                                           cluster_sectors) != 0)
 502                     error("error while compressing sector %" PRId64,
 503                           sector_num);
 504             }
 505             sector_num += n;
 506         }
 507         /* signal EOF to align */
 508         bdrv_write_compressed(out_bs, 0, NULL, 0);
 509     } else {
 510         sector_num = 0;
 511         for(;;) {
 512             nb_sectors = total_sectors - sector_num;
 513             if (nb_sectors <= 0)
 514                 break;
 515             if (nb_sectors >= (IO_BUF_SIZE / 512))
 516                 n = (IO_BUF_SIZE / 512);
 517             else
 518                 n = nb_sectors;
 519             if (bdrv_read(bs, sector_num, buf, n) < 0)
 520                 error("error while reading");
 521             /* NOTE: at the same time we convert, we do not write zero
 522                sectors to have a chance to compress the image. Ideally, we
 523                should add a specific call to have the info to go faster */
 524             buf1 = buf;
 525             while (n > 0) {
 526                 if (is_allocated_sectors(buf1, n, &n1)) {
 527                     if (bdrv_write(out_bs, sector_num, buf1, n1) < 0)
 528                         error("error while writing");
 529                 }
 530                 sector_num += n1;
 531                 n -= n1;
 532                 buf1 += n1 * 512;
 533             }
 534         }
 535     }
 536     bdrv_delete(out_bs);
 537     bdrv_delete(bs);
 538     return 0;
 539 }
 540
 541 #ifdef _WIN32
 542 static int64_t get_allocated_file_size(const char *filename)
 543 {
 544     typedef DWORD (WINAPI * get_compressed_t)(const char *filename, DWORD *high);
 545     get_compressed_t get_compressed;
 546     struct _stati64 st;
 547
 548     /* WinNT support GetCompressedFileSize to determine allocate size */
 549     get_compressed = (get_compressed_t) GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandle("kernel32"), "GetCompressedFileSizeA");
 550     if (get_compressed) {
 551         DWORD high, low;
 552         low = get_compressed(filename, &high);
 553         if (low != 0xFFFFFFFFlu || GetLastError() == NO_ERROR)
 554             return (((int64_t) high) << 32) + low;
 555     }
 556
 557     if (_stati64(filename, &st) < 0)
 558         return -1;
 559     return st.st_size;
 560 }
 561 #else
 562 static int64_t get_allocated_file_size(const char *filename)
 563 {
 564     struct stat st;
 565     if (stat(filename, &st) < 0)
 566         return -1;
 567     return (int64_t)st.st_blocks * 512;
 568 }
 569 #endif
 570
 571 static void dump_snapshots(BlockDriverState *bs)
 572 {
 573     QEMUSnapshotInfo *sn_tab, *sn;
 574     int nb_sns, i;
 575     char buf[256];
 576
 577     nb_sns = bdrv_snapshot_list(bs, &sn_tab);
 578     if (nb_sns <= 0)
 579         return;
 580     printf("Snapshot list:\n");
 581     printf("%s\n", bdrv_snapshot_dump(buf, sizeof(buf), NULL));
 582     for(i = 0; i < nb_sns; i++) {
 583         sn = &sn_tab[i];
 584         printf("%s\n", bdrv_snapshot_dump(buf, sizeof(buf), sn));
 585     }
 586     qemu_free(sn_tab);
 587 }
 588
 589 static int img_info(int argc, char **argv)
 590 {
 591     int c;
 592     const char *filename, *fmt;
 593     BlockDriver *drv;
 594     BlockDriverState *bs;
 595     char fmt_name[128], size_buf[128], dsize_buf[128];
 596     int64_t total_sectors, allocated_size;
 597     char backing_filename[1024];
 598     char backing_filename2[1024];
 599     BlockDriverInfo bdi;
 600
 601     fmt = NULL;
 602     for(;;) {
 603         c = getopt(argc, argv, "f:h");
 604         if (c == -1)
 605             break;
 606         switch(c) {
 607         case 'h':
 608             help();
 609             break;
 610         case 'f':
 611             fmt = optarg;
 612             break;
 613         }
 614     }
 615     if (optind >= argc)
 616         help();
 617     filename = argv[optind++];
 618
 619     bs = bdrv_new("");
 620     if (!bs)
 621         error("Not enough memory");
 622     if (fmt) {
 623         drv = bdrv_find_format(fmt);
 624         if (!drv)
 625             error("Unknown file format '%s'", fmt);
 626     } else {
 627         drv = NULL;
 628     }
 629     if (bdrv_open2(bs, filename, 0, drv) < 0) {
 630         error("Could not open '%s'", filename);
 631     }
 632     bdrv_get_format(bs, fmt_name, sizeof(fmt_name));
 633     bdrv_get_geometry(bs, &total_sectors);
 634     get_human_readable_size(size_buf, sizeof(size_buf), total_sectors * 512);
 635     allocated_size = get_allocated_file_size(filename);
 636     if (allocated_size < 0)
 637         sprintf(dsize_buf, "unavailable");
 638     else
 639         get_human_readable_size(dsize_buf, sizeof(dsize_buf),
 640                                 allocated_size);
 641     printf("image: %s\n"
 642            "file format: %s\n"
 643            "virtual size: %s (%" PRId64 " bytes)\n"
 644            "disk size: %s\n",
 645            filename, fmt_name, size_buf,
 646            (total_sectors * 512),
 647            dsize_buf);
 648     if (bdrv_is_encrypted(bs))
 649         printf("encrypted: yes\n");
 650     if (bdrv_get_info(bs, &bdi) >= 0) {
 651         if (bdi.cluster_size != 0)
 652             printf("cluster_size: %d\n", bdi.cluster_size);
 653     }
 654     bdrv_get_backing_filename(bs, backing_filename, sizeof(backing_filename));
 655     if (backing_filename[0] != '\0') {
 656         path_combine(backing_filename2, sizeof(backing_filename2),
 657                      filename, backing_filename);
 658         printf("backing file: %s (actual path: %s)\n",
 659                backing_filename,
 660                backing_filename2);
 661     }
 662     dump_snapshots(bs);
 663     bdrv_delete(bs);
 664     return 0;
 665 }
 666
 667 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 668 {
 669     const char *cmd;
 670
 671     bdrv_init();
 672     if (argc < 2)
 673         help();
 674     cmd = argv[1];
 675     optind++;
 676     if (!strcmp(cmd, "create")) {
 677         img_create(argc, argv);
 678     } else if (!strcmp(cmd, "commit")) {
 679         img_commit(argc, argv);
 680     } else if (!strcmp(cmd, "convert")) {
 681         img_convert(argc, argv);
 682     } else if (!strcmp(cmd, "info")) {
 683         img_info(argc, argv);
 684     } else {
 685         help();
 686     }
 687     return 0;
 688 }