1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
2 <!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//Samba-Team//DTD DocBook V4.2-Based Variant V1.0//EN" "http://www.samba.org/samba/DTD/samba-doc">
3 <refentry id="winbindd.8">
6 <refentrytitle>winbindd</refentrytitle>
7 <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
8 <refmiscinfo class="source">Samba</refmiscinfo>
9 <refmiscinfo class="manual">System Administration tools</refmiscinfo>
10 <refmiscinfo class="version">&doc.version;</refmiscinfo>
15 <refname>winbindd</refname>
16 <refpurpose>Name Service Switch daemon for resolving names
17 from NT servers</refpurpose>
22 <command>winbindd</command>
23 <arg choice="opt">-D|--daemon</arg>
24 <arg choice="opt">-i|--interactive</arg>
25 <arg choice="opt">-F|--foreground</arg>
26 <arg choice="opt">--no-process-group</arg>
27 <arg choice="opt">-n|--no-caching</arg>
28 <arg choice="opt">-d <debug level></arg>
29 <arg choice="opt">--debug-stdout</arg>
30 <arg choice="opt">--configfile=<configuration file></arg>
31 <arg choice="opt">--option=<name>=<value></arg>
32 <arg choice="opt">-l|--log-basename <log directory></arg>
33 <arg choice="opt">--leak-report</arg>
34 <arg choice="opt">--leak-report-full</arg>
35 <arg choice="opt">-V|--version</arg>
40 <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
42 <para>This program is part of the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>samba</refentrytitle>
43 <manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry> suite.</para>
45 <para><command>winbindd</command> is a daemon that provides
46 a number of services to the Name Service Switch capability found
47 in most modern C libraries, to arbitrary applications via PAM
48 and <command>ntlm_auth</command> and to Samba itself.</para>
50 <para>Even if winbind is not used for nsswitch, it still provides a
51 service to <command>smbd</command>, <command>ntlm_auth</command>
52 and the <command>pam_winbind.so</command> PAM module, by managing connections to
53 domain controllers. In this configuration the
54 <smbconfoption name="idmap config * : range"/>
55 parameter is not required. (This is known as `netlogon proxy only mode'.)</para>
57 <para> The Name Service Switch allows user
58 and system information to be obtained from different databases
59 services such as NIS or DNS. The exact behaviour can be configured
60 through the <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file.
61 Users and groups are allocated as they are resolved to a range
62 of user and group ids specified by the administrator of the
65 <para>The service provided by <command>winbindd</command> is called `winbind' and
66 can be used to resolve user and group information from a
67 Windows NT server. The service can also provide authentication
68 services via an associated PAM module. </para>
71 The <filename>pam_winbind</filename> module supports the
72 <parameter>auth</parameter>, <parameter>account</parameter>
73 and <parameter>password</parameter>
74 module-types. It should be noted that the
75 <parameter>account</parameter> module simply performs a getpwnam() to verify that
76 the system can obtain a uid for the user, as the domain
77 controller has already performed access control. If the
78 <filename>libnss_winbind</filename> library has been correctly
79 installed, or an alternate source of names configured, this should always succeed.
82 <para>The following nsswitch databases are implemented by
83 the winbindd service: </para>
88 <listitem><para>This feature is only available on IRIX.
89 User information traditionally stored in
90 the <filename>hosts(5)</filename> file and used by
91 <command>gethostbyname(3)</command> functions. Names are
92 resolved through the WINS server or by broadcast.
98 <listitem><para>User information traditionally stored in
99 the <filename>passwd(5)</filename> file and used by
100 <command>getpwent(3)</command> functions. </para></listitem>
105 <listitem><para>Group information traditionally stored in
106 the <filename>group(5)</filename> file and used by
107 <command>getgrent(3)</command> functions. </para></listitem>
111 <para>For example, the following simple configuration in the
112 <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file can be used to initially
113 resolve user and group information from <filename>/etc/passwd
114 </filename> and <filename>/etc/group</filename> and then from the
119 passwd: files winbind
121 ## only available on IRIX: use winbind to resolve hosts:
122 # hosts: files dns winbind
123 ## All other NSS enabled systems should use libnss_wins.so like this:
124 hosts: files dns wins
128 <para>The following simple configuration in the
129 <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file can be used to initially
130 resolve hostnames from <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> and then from the
140 <title>OPTIONS</title>
144 <term>-D|--daemon</term>
145 <listitem><para>If specified, this parameter causes
146 the server to operate as a daemon. That is, it detaches
147 itself and runs in the background on the appropriate port.
148 This switch is assumed if <command>winbindd</command> is
149 executed on the command line of a shell.
154 <term>-i|--interactive</term>
155 <listitem><para>Tells <command>winbindd</command> to not
156 become a daemon and detach from the current terminal. This
157 option is used by developers when interactive debugging
158 of <command>winbindd</command> is required.
159 <command>winbindd</command> also logs to standard output,
160 as if the <command>-S</command> parameter had been given.
165 <term>-F|--foreground</term>
166 <listitem><para>If specified, this parameter causes
167 the main <command>winbindd</command> process to not daemonize,
168 i.e. double-fork and disassociate with the terminal.
169 Child processes are still created as normal to service
170 each connection request, but the main process does not
171 exit. This operation mode is suitable for running
172 <command>winbindd</command> under process supervisors such
173 as <command>supervise</command> and <command>svscan</command>
174 from Daniel J. Bernstein's <command>daemontools</command>
175 package, or the AIX process monitor.
180 <term>--no-process-group</term>
181 <listitem><para>Do not create a new process group for winbindd.
186 <term>-n|--no-caching</term>
187 <listitem><para>Disable some caching. This means winbindd will
188 often have to wait for a response from the domain controller
189 before it can respond to a client and this thus makes things
190 slower. The results will however be more accurate, since
191 results from the cache might not be up-to-date. This
192 might also temporarily hang winbindd if the DC doesn't respond.
193 This does not disable the samlogon cache, which is required for
194 group membership tracking in trusted environments.
198 &cmdline.common.debug.server;
199 &cmdline.common.config.server;
200 &cmdline.common.option;
203 <term>-l|--log-basename=logdirectory</term>
206 Base directory name for log/debug files. The parent process
207 uses filename log.winbindd, the child process uses filename
208 log.wb-<name>. The log file is never removed by winbindd.
213 &cmdline.common.samba.leakreport;
214 &cmdline.common.samba.leakreportfull;
224 <title>NAME AND ID RESOLUTION</title>
226 <para>Users and groups on a Windows NT server are assigned
227 a security id (SID) which is globally unique when the
228 user or group is created. To convert the Windows NT user or group
229 into a unix user or group, a mapping between SIDs and unix user
230 and group ids is required. This is one of the jobs that <command>
231 winbindd</command> performs. </para>
233 <para>As winbindd users and groups are resolved from a server, user
234 and group ids are allocated from a specified range. This
235 is done on a first come, first served basis, although all existing
236 users and groups will be mapped as soon as a client performs a user
237 or group enumeration command. The allocated unix ids are stored
238 in a database and will be remembered. </para>
240 <para>WARNING: The SID to unix id database is the only location
241 where the user and group mappings are stored by winbindd. If this
242 store is deleted or corrupted, there is no way for winbindd to
243 determine which user and group ids correspond to Windows NT user
244 and group rids. </para>
250 <title>CONFIGURATION</title>
252 <para>Configuration of the <command>winbindd</command> daemon
253 is done through configuration parameters in the <citerefentry>
254 <refentrytitle>smb.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
255 </citerefentry> file. All parameters should be specified in the
256 [global] section of smb.conf. </para>
260 <smbconfoption name="winbind separator"/></para></listitem>
262 <smbconfoption name="idmap config * : range"/></para></listitem>
264 <smbconfoption name="idmap config * : backend"/></para></listitem>
266 <smbconfoption name="winbind cache time"/></para></listitem>
268 <smbconfoption name="winbind enum users"/></para></listitem>
270 <smbconfoption name="winbind enum groups"/></para></listitem>
272 <smbconfoption name="template homedir"/></para></listitem>
274 <smbconfoption name="template shell"/></para></listitem>
276 <smbconfoption name="winbind use default domain"/></para></listitem>
278 <smbconfoption name="winbind: rpc only"/>
279 Setting this parameter forces winbindd to use RPC
280 instead of LDAP to retrieve information from Domain
288 <title>EXAMPLE SETUP</title>
291 To setup winbindd for user and group lookups plus
292 authentication from a domain controller use something like the
293 following setup. This was tested on an early Red Hat Linux box.
296 <para>In <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> put the
299 passwd: files winbind
304 <para>In <filename>/etc/pam.d/*</filename> replace the <parameter>
305 auth</parameter> lines with something like this:
307 auth required /lib/security/pam_securetty.so
308 auth required /lib/security/pam_nologin.so
309 auth sufficient /lib/security/pam_winbind.so
310 auth required /lib/security/pam_unix.so \
311 use_first_pass shadow nullok
316 The PAM module pam_unix has recently replaced the module pam_pwdb.
317 Some Linux systems use the module pam_unix2 in place of pam_unix.
320 <para>Note in particular the use of the <parameter>sufficient
321 </parameter> keyword and the <parameter>use_first_pass</parameter> keyword. </para>
323 <para>Now replace the account lines with this: </para>
325 <para><command>account required /lib/security/pam_winbind.so
328 <para>The next step is to join the domain. To do that use the
329 <command>net</command> program like this: </para>
331 <para><command>net join -S PDC -U Administrator</command></para>
333 <para>The username after the <parameter>-U</parameter> can be any
334 Domain user that has administrator privileges on the machine.
335 Substitute the name or IP of your PDC for "PDC".</para>
337 <para>Next copy <filename>libnss_winbind.so</filename> to
338 <filename>/lib</filename> and <filename>pam_winbind.so
339 </filename> to <filename>/lib/security</filename>. A symbolic link needs to be
340 made from <filename>/lib/libnss_winbind.so</filename> to
341 <filename>/lib/libnss_winbind.so.2</filename>. If you are using an
342 older version of glibc then the target of the link should be
343 <filename>/lib/libnss_winbind.so.1</filename>.</para>
345 <para>Finally, setup a <citerefentry><refentrytitle>smb.conf</refentrytitle>
346 <manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> containing directives like the
350 winbind separator = +
351 winbind cache time = 10
352 template shell = /bin/bash
353 template homedir = /home/%D/%U
354 idmap config * : range = 10000-20000
358 </programlisting></para>
361 <para>Now start winbindd and you should find that your user and
362 group database is expanded to include your NT users and groups,
363 and that you can login to your unix box as a domain user, using
364 the DOMAIN+user syntax for the username. You may wish to use the
365 commands <command>getent passwd</command> and <command>getent group
366 </command> to confirm the correct operation of winbindd.</para>
373 <para>The following notes are useful when configuring and
374 running <command>winbindd</command>: </para>
376 <para>PAM is really easy to misconfigure. Make sure you know what
377 you are doing when modifying PAM configuration files. It is possible
378 to set up PAM such that you can no longer log into your system. </para>
380 <para>If more than one UNIX machine is running <command>winbindd</command>,
381 then in general the user and groups ids allocated by winbindd will not
382 be the same. The user and group ids will only be valid for the local
383 machine, unless a shared <smbconfoption name="idmap config * : backend"/> is configured.</para>
385 <para>If the Windows NT SID to UNIX user and group id mapping
386 file is damaged or destroyed then the mappings will be lost. </para>
391 <title>SIGNALS</title>
393 <para>The following signals can be used to manipulate the
394 <command>winbindd</command> daemon. </para>
399 <listitem><para>Reload the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>smb.conf</refentrytitle>
400 <manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> file and
401 apply any parameter changes to the running
402 version of winbindd. This signal also clears any cached
403 user and group information. The list of other domains trusted
404 by winbindd is also reloaded.
406 <para>Instead of sending a SIGHUP signal, a request to reload configuration
407 file may be sent using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>smbcontrol</refentrytitle>
408 <manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> program.
414 <listitem><para>The SIGUSR2 signal will cause <command>
415 winbindd</command> to write status information to the winbind
418 <para>Log files are stored in the filename specified by the
419 log file parameter.</para></listitem>
429 <term><filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf(5)</filename></term>
430 <listitem><para>Name service switch configuration file.</para>
435 <term>&pathconfig.WINBINDD_SOCKET_DIR;/pipe</term>
436 <listitem><para>The UNIX pipe over which clients communicate with
437 the <command>winbindd</command> program. For security reasons, the
438 winbind client will only attempt to connect to the winbindd daemon
439 if both the <filename>&pathconfig.WINBINDD_SOCKET_DIR;</filename> directory
440 and <filename>&pathconfig.WINBINDD_SOCKET_DIR;/pipe</filename> file are owned by
443 <para><smbconfoption name="winbindd socket directory"/>
444 overrides this default.</para>
450 <term>$STATEDIR/winbindd_privileged/pipe</term>
451 <listitem><para>The UNIX pipe over which 'privileged' clients
452 communicate with the <command>winbindd</command> program. For security
453 reasons, access to some winbindd functions - like those needed by
454 the <command>ntlm_auth</command> utility - is restricted. By default,
455 only users in the 'root' group will get this access, however the administrator
456 may change the group permissions on $STATEDIR/winbindd_privileged to allow
457 programs like 'squid' to use ntlm_auth.
458 Note that the winbind client will only attempt to connect to the winbindd daemon
459 if both the <filename>$STATEDIR/winbindd_privileged</filename> directory
460 and <filename>$STATEDIR/winbindd_privileged/pipe</filename> file are owned by
462 <para><smbconfoption name="state dir"/> controls what
463 $STATEDIR refers to.</para>
468 <term>/lib/libnss_winbind.so.X</term>
469 <listitem><para>Implementation of name service switch library.
474 <term>$STATEDIR/winbindd_idmap.tdb</term>
475 <listitem><para>Storage for the Windows NT rid to UNIX user/group
476 id mapping. The directory is specified when Samba is initially
478 <parameter>--with-statedir</parameter> option or <smbconfoption name="state dir"/>.
479 The default directory in this installation is <filename>&pathconfig.STATEDIR;
480 </filename>. </para></listitem>
484 <term>$LOCKDIR/winbindd_cache.tdb</term>
485 <listitem><para>Storage for cached user and group information.
493 <title>VERSION</title>
495 <para>This man page is part of version &doc.version; of
496 the Samba suite.</para>
500 <title>SEE ALSO</title>
502 <para><filename>nsswitch.conf(5)</filename>, <citerefentry>
503 <refentrytitle>samba</refentrytitle>
504 <manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry>
505 <refentrytitle>wbinfo</refentrytitle>
506 <manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry>
507 <refentrytitle>ntlm_auth</refentrytitle>
508 <manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry>
509 <refentrytitle>smb.conf</refentrytitle>
510 <manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry>
511 <refentrytitle>pam_winbind</refentrytitle>
512 <manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></para>
516 <title>AUTHOR</title>
518 <para>The original Samba software and related utilities
519 were created by Andrew Tridgell. Samba is now developed
520 by the Samba Team as an Open Source project similar
521 to the way the Linux kernel is developed.</para>
523 <para><command>wbinfo</command> and <command>winbindd</command> were
524 written by Tim Potter.</para>
526 <para>The conversion to DocBook for Samba 2.2 was done
527 by Gerald Carter. The conversion to DocBook XML 4.2 for
528 Samba 3.0 was done by Alexander Bokovoy.</para>